1.

Concept noun Personal noun Adjective Verb

2. absenteeism absentee absent-minded to be absent

3. accounting accountant accountable account

4. accusation accuser / accused accusing accuse

5. achievement achiever achieved achieve

6. addiction addict addictive/addicted to become

addicted
7. administration administrator administrative administrate

8. admiration admirer admired / admiring admire

9. advertisement advertiser advertised advertise

10. advice adviser advisory advise

11. aggravation aggressor aggravating aggravate

12. agitation agitator agitated agitate

13. analysis analyst analytical analyse

14. antagonism antagonist antagonistic antagonize

15. arbitration arbitrator arbitrary arbitrate

16. assassination assassin assassinated assassinate

17. authorization authority authoritarian / authorize

authoritative
18. baking baker baked bake

19. baking banker bankrupt bank

20. belief believer believable believe

21. benevolence benefactor beneficial benefit

22. bidding bidder bidden bid

23. blackmail blackmailer blackmailed blackmail

24. blasphemy blasphemer blasphemous blaspheme

25. bombardment bomber bombarded bomb

26. brainwashing brainwasher brainwashed brainwash

27. broadcasting broadcaster broadcast broadcast

28. business businessman / business businesslike to do business

woman
29. calculation calculator calculated calculate

30. censorship censor censored censure

31. challenging challenger challenged challenge

32. charming charmer charmed / charming charm

33. cheerfulness cheerleader cheerful cheer

34. childbearing childcare childlike child

35. choreography choreographer choregraphed choreograph

36. civilization civilian civil civilize

37. collaboration collaborator collaborated collaborate

38. comedy comedian comic to be funny

39. competition competitor competitive compete

40. dancing dancer danced dance

41. deafness deaf deafening to go deaf

42. dealings dealer / dealership dealt deal

43. decoration decorator decorative decorate

44. defeat defeatist defeated defeat

45. defense defendant / defender defended defend

46. demonstration demonstrator demonstrative demonstrate

47. design designer designed design

48. destruction destroyer destructive destroy

49. determination determiner determined determine

50. development developer developed develop

51. dictatorship dictator dictatorial dictate

52. diplomacy diplomat diplomatic to be diplomatic

53. direction director directed direct

54. discipline disciplinarian disciplinary discipline

55. distribution distributor distributed distribute

56. divorce divorcee divorced divorce

57. drama dramatist dramatic dramatize

58. drunkenness drunkard drunk drink

59. dwelling dweller dwelt dwell

60. eavesdropping eavesdropper eavesdropped eavesdrop

61. economics economist economical economize

62. education educator educational educate

63. egotism egotist egocentric to be egotistical

64. election electorate electoral elect

65. elitism elitist elite to be elite

66. emancipation emancipator emancipated emancipate

67. embezzlement embezzler embezzled embezzle

68. emigration emigrant emigrated emigrate

69. (un)employment Employer/employee (un)employed employ

70. entertainment entertainer entertaining entertain

71. enthusiasm enthusiast enthusiastic enthuse

72. escapism escapist escaped escape

73. evacuation evacuee evacuated evacuate

74. exaggeration exaggerator exaggerated exaggerate

75. examination examiner examined examine

76. exploration explorer explorative explore

77. exportation exporter exported export

78. farming farmer farmed farm

79. fighting fighter fought fight

80. finality finalist finalized finalize

81. finance financier financial finance

82. flirtation flirt flirtatious flirt

83. forgery forger forged forge

84. foundation founder founded found

85. freelancing freelancer freelanced freelance

86. friendship friend friendly to be friendly

87. gambling gambling gambled gamble

88. government governor governmental govern

89. growing up grown-up grown grow up

90. guidance guide guided guide

91. hijacking hijacker hijacked hijack

92. homemaking homemaker homemade to keep house

93. hospitalization patient hospitalized hospitalize

94. humanities humanist humanitarian humanize

95. humor humorist humorous joke

96. idealism idealist idealistic idealize

97. illustration illustrator illustrative illustrate

98. immigration immigrant immigrated immigrate

99. immortality immortal immortal immortalize

100. impersonatio impersonator impersonated impersonate

n
101. importation importer imported import

102. industrializat industrialist industrialized industrialize

ion
103. innovation innovator innovative innovate

104. inspection inspector inspected inspect

105. instruction instructor instructive instruct

106. interpretatio interpreter interpreted interpret

n
107. intrusion intruder intrusive intrude

108. invasion invader invaded invade

109. invention inventor inventive invent

110. investigation investigator investigative investigate

111. justice justice of the peace justifiable justify

112. law lawyer lawful / lawless enforce the law

113. leadership leader lead lead

114. learning learner learned learn

115. legislation legislator legislative legislate

116. liberalism liberal liberal liberalize

117. linguistics linguist linguistic speak

118. logging logger logged log

119. love lover lovesick love

120. machinery machinist machined machine

121. magic magician magical conjure

122. managementmanager manageable manage

123. manufacturi manufacturer manufactured manufacture

ng
124. marketing marketer marketable market

125. materialism materialist materialistic materialize

126. mathematics mathematician mathematical to do math

127. mechanics mechanic mechanical mechanize

128. migration migrant migratory migrate

129. modeling model modelled model

130. morality moralist moralistic moralize

131. mugging mugger mugged mug

132. music musician musical to make music

133. narration narrator narrated narrate

134. nationalism nationalist nationalistic nationalize

135. naturalizatio naturalist naturally naturalize

n
136. navigation navigator navigable navigate

137. negotiation negotiator negotiable negotiate

138. nursing nurse nursed nurse

139. offense offender offensive offend

140. office officer official officiate

141. operation operator operative operate

142. opportunism opportunist opportunistic opportune

143. oppression oppressor oppressive oppress

144. optimism optimist optimistic to be optimistic

145. organization organizer organizational organize

146. ownership owner owned own

147. pacifism pacifist pacified pacify

148. painting painter painted paint

149. participation participant participated participate

150. parenting parent parented parent

151. patriotism patriot patriotic to be patriotic

152. peacekeepin peacekeeper peaceful to make / keep

g peace
153. perfection perfectionist perfect perfect

154. performance performer performed perform

155. perpetuation perpetrator perpetual perpetuate

156. persecution persecutor persecuted persecute

157. pessimism pessimist pessimistic to be pessimistic

158. philosophy philosopher philosophical philosophize

159. photography photographer photographic photograph / take

pictures
160. plagiarism plagiarist plagiarized plagiarize
161. plumbing plumber plumbed plumb

162. poetry poet poetic to write poetry

163. possession possessor possessive possess

164. pragmatism pragmatist pragmatic to be pragmatic

165. production/p producer productive produce

roduct
166. professionali professor professional profess
sm
167. programmin programmer programmed program
g
168. psychiatry psychiatrist psychiatric to analyze

169. psychology psychologist psychological to analyze

170. purification purist pure purify

171. quitting quitter quit quit

172. reaction reactionary reacted react

173. realism realist realistic to be real

174. reception receptionist receptive receive

175. recruitment recruiter recruited recruit

176. redemption redeemer redeemable redeem

177. reformation reformer reformed reform

178. relationship relative related relate

179. remembranc reminder reminded remind

e
180. representatio Representative representative represent
n
181. research researcher researched to do research

182. residency resident residential reside

183. retail retailer retail retail

184. retirement retiree retired retire

185. revelation reveler reveled revel

186. rioting rioter riotous riot

187. robbery robber robbed rob

188. rule ruler ruled rule

189. sadism sadist sadistic to be sadistic

190. sales salesclerk / salespersonsold sell

191. satire satirist satirical satirize

192. science scientist scientific to do science

193. sculpture sculptor sculpted sculpt

194. seduction seducer seduced seduce

195. service serviceman / serviceable service

servicewoman
196. shipping shipper shipped ship

197. shoplifting shoplifter stolen shoplift

198. showmanshi showman shown show

p
199. sightseeing sightseer seen sightsee

200. skateboardin skateboarder skateboarded skateboard

g
201. skepticism skeptic skeptical to be skeptical

202. slavery slave slavish enslave

203. smoking smoker smoked smoke

204. smuggling smuggler smuggled smuggle

205. socialism socialist sociable socialize

206. speaking speaker spoken speak

207. specializatio specialist specialized specialize

n
208. speculation speculator speculative speculate

209. statesmanshistatesman statesmanlike to be

p statesmanlike
210. statistics statistician statistical measure

211. studies student studious study

212. supervision supervisor supervisory supervise

213. supply supplier supplied supply

214. support supporter supportive support

215. survival survivor survivable survive

216. sympathy sympathizer sympathetic sympathize

217. tailoring tailor tailor-made tailor

218. talk talker talkative talk

219. teaching teacher taught teach

220. technology technician technical to repair

221. telecommuni telecommuter - telecommute

cations
222. terrorism terrorist terrorized terrorize

223. theory theorist theoretical theorize

224. thievery thief stolen steal

225. thinking thinker thought think

226. torment tormentor tormented torment

227. torture torturer tortuous torture

228. tourism tourist toured tour

229. training trainer / trainee trained train

230. transformati transformer transformed transform

on
231. travel traveler traveled travel

232. treachery traitor treacherous to betray

233. trespassing trespasser trespassed trespass

234. trickery trickster tricky trick

235. trouble troublemaker troubled trouble

236. typing typist typed type

237. usefulness user useful use

238. uselessness user useless use

239. vacation vacationer - vacation

240. vandalism vandal vandalized vandalize

241. victimization victim victimized victimize

242. victory victor victorious win

243. viewing viewer viewed view

244. violation violator violent violate

245. visitation visitor visited visit

246. voice vocalist vocal sing

247. volunteering volunteer volunteered volunteer

248. voting voter voted vote

249. waiting waiter / waitress waited wait / serve

250. wandering wanderer wandered wander

251. winning winner won win

252. working worker worked work

253. wrestling wrestler wrestled wrestle

254. zeal zealot zealous to be

zealous
Leaflet
Leaflet

Look at this task.

You work in a fitness centre. The centre would like to encourage more business people
to use its facilities after work. There are many companies in your town which have
English-speaking employees and you have been asked to prepare the text for a leaflet
aimed at them.

You should:

1. introduce the fitness centre and its facilities.

2. emphasise the benefits of regular exercise.
3. give brief general advice on ways of avoiding stress in daily life.

Write the text for the leaflet using about 250 words.

First, you will need to think about the content of your leaflet.
- make a list of possible exercise and other facilities (such as a shop, café etc)
- make notes about the benefits of regular exercise (and the dangers of inactivity)
- think about what to include in the “general advice” section.

Layout and organisation

Information sheets, leaflets and brochures are intended to inform, persuade or warn. The
two main aims are therefore to catch the reader’s attention and to present the message as
clearly as possible. To do this, layout and organisation need to be as effective as possible.
Short paragraphs with clear headings are much easier to read and absorb than long blocks of
text, for example. The best approach is to imagine yourself as the reader and to ask what you
would want to know, and in what order you would find it easiest to absorb the information.
Consider these points:

Main heading:
- Is this as direct and eye-catching as possible?
- Does it give the reader a clear idea of what the subject is?
- Does it make the reader want to read on?

Subheadings:
- Are these short and clear? Asking a question in your heading may be more interesting than
stating a fact.

Text:
- Is the information broken up into short, easy-to-read sections?
- Is the order logical?

Visual help:
Can you help the reader, for example:
by indenting small sub-sections so that
they stand out as small blocks which
are clearly separate from the main text?
- by putting important points on separate lines? Or
6. by numbering your points? Or
 by putting “bullets” in front of main points? Or
by using different STYLES and sizes of writing? Or
by underlining or putting boxes round important words.

You won’t be marked on your design skills, of course, but you may make a good impression
on the examiner!

Look at this example of a leaflet which gives information about looking after your heart. Here
we have reproduced only the text of the leaflet, as this is all that you are required to produce
in the exam. A real-life leaflet would of course contain visuals as well.

Look After Your Heart

A Simple Guide To Feeling Fitter
Looking Better
And Living Longer
Why do I need to look after my heart?
 By looking after your heart you can feel fitter and look
better – and you’ll be protecting yourself against heart disease too.
England is one of the worst countries in the world for heart disease.
It causes one in three of all deaths among 55-64 year olds.

What causes heart disease?

Your heart needs a supply of oxygen that comes from the blood
in its arteries. Over a number of years these arteries can get clogged up
and the supply of blood to the heart can stop. This causes a heart attack.

I’m fit and healthy. Why should I worry?

Heart attacks usually happen to people in middle age, but the damage
to your arteries can start long before that, without you realising it.
It can even start to develop in childhood.
So it’s important to look after your heart now, whatever your age.

Isn’t a heart attack a quick way to go?

Not always. Heart disease can cause years of pain, discomfort and worry.

How can I avoid getting heart disease?

There are no guarantees, but the best way to avoid heart disease is:
Don’t smoke
Eat healthily
Take regular exercise
Go easy on alcohol
Avoid stress if you can
If you have heart disease in you family you may have a greater risk of
getting it yourself so it’s especially important to follow this advice.

Writing a Report 3

Look at this task:

An English friend of yours is working on a series of articles called “Young and

Old Around the World” which looks at different towns and cities through the
eyes of teenagers and senior citizens. She has written asking for your help and
this is an extract from her letter.

What I want is some first-hand information about what it’s like to live in your
town from the point of view of the two different age groups. You would need to
interview, say, ten people in each category on the main topics of public
transport, entertainment, and shopping and write me a brief report. Could you
also include a short introduction about your town and give a little summing up
at the end?

Write your report in about 250 words.

A report is a formal document prepared by one person or a group of people

who have been studying a particular subject. There are two basic kinds of
reports:

 The first simply provides information on a topic and gives a brief

conclusion or summary at the end. Example: a report on the educational
system in a particular country, written to help someone research the subject.
 The second sets out to identify strengths and weaknesses in a
particular situation and make recommendations for improvement. Example: a
report on the library facilities in a college written at the request of the principal.

Language and register

Reports are the most impersonal kind of writing and it is usually best to avoid
expressing personal opinions or feelings, except, perhaps, in the conclusion.
Instead of I think that … or I found that… for example, you can use the
impersonal “It” construction and a passive, eg It seems that… It was found
that …

It is also advisable to avoid making very definite statements unless you’re

absolutely sure they’re true. Instead of saying It is for example, you can use a
modal verb eg It could/may/might be or a more tentative expression such as It
seems to be or It tends to be.

Layout and organisation

Reports should have a clear factual heading and may also
have subheadings which divide the writing into shorter sections. The
information should be organised and presented as clearly and logically as
possible, with a short introduction explaining the aims of the report and how
the information was obtained and a suitable conclusion, summing up the
information and making recommendations if necessary.

Useful language
Introduction: The aim of this report is to.. It is
based on…
This report is intended to.. It
draws on
This report looks at / describes.. It
uses..

Reporting an
observation: It seems/appears that.. It was
found that..
The majority / minority of … It
was felt that ..

Quoting: According to … As X said… In the words

of …

Speculating: It may / could / might (well) be that ..

Generalising: In general On the whole In the main

Commenting: Interestingly Curiously Oddly

Strangely
Surprisingly Predictably
As might be (have been) expected It is
interesting that

Making a recommendation: It is recommended that ..

(Perhaps) it would be advisable for X to
(do)
(Perhaps) X might /should consider
Summing up: To sum up / To summarise On balance In short

Study the following example carefully:

Leisure Facilities in Grimthorpe

Introduction

The aim of this report is to describe and assess the leisure facilities available in
Grimthorpe. It is based on information made available by the Grimthorpe Tourist
Office, and on views expressed by local people who were interviewed.

Sport

Grimthorpe has a wide range of sports facilities, both public and private. There is a
large modern leisure centre in the High Street and facilities include a swimming pool,
a sports hall for judo, fencing and other activities, and tennis courts. The centre runs
courses in all these sports and these tend to be very popular. Membership costs
£150 a year, which was felt to be rather expensive, but a special temporary
membership is available to visitors. The public swimming pool on the outskirts of the
town is older, less attractive and often overcrowded, but entry is only £1.50.

Theatres

There are two theatres in town, the Kings Theatre in Bee Street, which offers mainly
“serious” drama and has a good reputation for its productions of Shakespeare, and
the Little Theatre in Sea Street which specialises in lighter entertainment and the
occasional pop concert. In general, it seems that the Kings Theatre is more popular
with the older members of the community while the Little appeals more to people in
their teens and twenties.

Museums and Art Galleries

The City Museum has an extensive collection of maps, pottery and other articles
connected with Grimthorpe’s history. The attendants are said to be very friendly and
helpful, and there is also a small café with reasonably priced home-made snacks.
Interestingly, few of the local people interviewed had ever been to the museum but it
was recommended highly by several tourists.

Conclusion

Grimthorpe is well provided with leisure facilities for a town of its size and these are
well used by the townspeople on the whole. Sport seems to be the most popular
leisure activity, while cultural activities like visiting the museum or art gallery
appeared to be the least popular among the Grimthorpians who were interviewed.
Perhaps the City Council should consider launching a publicity campaign to show
how much these facilities have to offer.
Writing a report 2

SAMPLE TASK

Your local museum is quite old-fashioned and not many people visit it.
Your local tourist board has asked you to write a report on the museum,
and give some recommendations on how to improve its image. Write
your report.
CHOOSE AN APPROPRIATE HEADING FOR EACH SECTION AND DECIDE
ON THE CORRECT ORDER OF THE PARAGRAPHS:

A Purpose
B The museum today
C Suggested improvements
D Additional facilities
E Conclusion

WADEMOUTH MUSEUM

1. ____________________________
The museum mainly contains items connected with the pottery industry and
various inventions connected with it. Generally, most of the items are
displayed in glass cabinets with explanations on small bits of card. These
aren’t very easy to read and some of them are placed too high for small
children. The lighting inside the building is also very poor.

2. ____________________________
To sum up, I found that Wademouth Museum could have a bright future if
some time was spent up-dating the displays and opening some new facilities.

3. ____________________________
Finally, I spoke to some of the visitors, and one thing that most people
mentioned is having a good gift shop and a café in the building. The profits
from these would help to pay for more interesting displays.

4. ____________________________
The aim of this report is to give an outline of what can be seen in this
museum and to suggest ways in which the museum can change its image.

5. ____________________________
Although the museum gives the visitor a good idea of how the pottery industry
developed through the ages in this area, it doesn’t make the subject come
alive. I would recommend that the museum puts in some working models,
or, even better, have people showing you how the pots were produced.

The correct order for the paragraphs is:

______________________________________

Group the expressions in bold into the functions below:

1. Introducing
____________________________________________________
2. Reporting an impression
__________________________________________
3. Generalising
___________________________________________________
4. Making a recommendation or suggestion
_____________________________
5. Concluding
____________________________________________________

Personal Notes and Messages

Look at this task.

You are working as an assistant in the offices of an English company.

You are finishing some work after your colleagues have left when the
phone rings for you. As a result of the call, you need to take the
following day off work.
Write two notes explaining the situation, one to your boss, and one to a
colleague and friend, with whom you had a lunch date. Write 60-80
words in each note.
 A task like this will be more realistic and more successful if you decide on
some concrete details before you start. If you can use true facts, it’s very
easy, but if you can’t, invent some interesting and believable ones!

Decide on answers to the questions below.

Your work: What kind of work do you do for the company? How long have you been with
the company? How will you be able to make up for the time you will miss?

e phone call: Who was it from? What was the message? Why is it important? Why was there such
short notice?

ur boss: Male / female? How well do you get on with him / her? How are they likely to react to
your being away?

ur colleague: Male / female? How long have you known him / her? Have you had lunch together
before?

e lunch: Where were you going to go? Will there be any problem about cancelling? When
could you have lunch instead?

tes and messages are usually even more informal than informal letters, although the
act degree of formality will depend on the specific relationship. Decide which phrases
m the list below would be more appropriate in the note to your boss (B) and which in
e note to your colleague (C)

eceived a telephone call __ out of the blue __

ng me __ such short notice __
gladly make up the time __ I’m really sorry __
the circumstances __ I apologise for any inconvenience __
me other time? __

ere are no fixed rules about the layout of notes and messages. Look at these examples
d the comments which follow.
i

hris,

st to let you know that I managed to get 2 tickets for the Flaming Lips
concert at the

nsemble Theatre on Tues. It starts at 7.30, so shall we meet outside the

theatre at about 7.15?

e could have a bite to eat afterwards if you like.

ee you soon

K.

astings 7/11

ear Clare,

quick note to thank you for helping me with the job application. Your
advice was much

ppreciated. I’ve sent it off now, so let’s hope I get an interview.

aw Frank yesterday. I’ll pass on the news when I see you.

l the best,

lison

 The day, date or time is normally somewhere at the top.

 You can begin with Dear …, with a first name or just an initial, depending on
your relationship.

 Informal language is often appropriate.

 You need not always write in full sentences

 Finish with your name or initial.

Beginning a note
No special introductory phrases are necessary but notes often begin with
expressions like:

Just (a note) to let you know / tell you / check that ….

A quick note to ask / see if ….
thank you for / apologise for / about

Apologising

Sorry I couldn’t / wasn’t able to / forgot to ….

I (would like to) apologise for missing the meeting.

Ending a note

No special fixed phrases are needed but notes and messages may end with
expressions like:

See you soon

Speak to you soon
All the best

Writing a Report 1

You work in a language school helping to organise excursions and trips

for students. The school director has asked to prepare a report on a
museum in your area.

Write your report in 120-180 words describing the museum and what it
has to offer students of English as a foreign language. Mention both
good and bad points in your report.
 1. Planning:

 Jot down the negative and positive points about the place, keep in mind
students of English.

 Use linking expressions to contrast the negative and positive aspects.

despite / in spite of but

although / even though On the other hand
However

 Group your ideas into numbered paragraphs, with sub-headings:

1. Introduction

2. Price

3. Interest

4. Language

5. Conclusion

Give your report a clear title, i.e., Report on the Seals Museum, La Spezia

To: School Director

From: Excursions officer

Useful phrases:

I visited the Seals Museum last week in order to decide if it would be an

interesting place for students to visit.
I will comment on the following: price, interest, language
The entrance fee to the museum is …
There is a reduction for students.
Students pay half-price on Wednesdays.
There are many interesting exhibits on display.
The Egyptian section was closed on the day I visited.
I especially liked the …
I found the …. especially interesting.
I think students will appreciate the ….
Most students will find the …. of interest.
A guidebook in English is available.
The guidebook is rather expensive.
It contains some beautiful colour photographs.
The guides are helpful.
The guides don’t speak English.
There is an audio commentary in English.
It wasn’t working on the day of my visit.
In my opinion ….
To conclude, I think that ….
I am therefore of the opinion that ….