.

DOUGLAS AIRC:RAf:T C:OMPANV

r7:\/
MODONN.LL DOUCIL~

(J ~. v ea .... ..,......
 i
(
~
HARAC ,
~~~IS?I~S ~~ ~~~
~~~ /
I

f w ziea p ’zc
~ ~~ ~

~~
_

.
_ _

v/craiisa )
_ _ _
1/
~~~~~ If
A. X./Ro6ri aea
~

H
u ovED _ e
~ ~~~~~~~~~~

7f~ 19~1

00
A
 • • • • ••-
—, ,
! _ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~
I
_ _ _ — _ • --—— — — - —-—— -- - - .• —...- - • . - - — - -.•-- ——-- - . — . •_ . •_ _ -- —
~~~~~~~~~~~

•
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

L-44 4—

A~S~

•
• Prob3a~~ in aircrs.ft dyuanics such as stability and respcnae ot the

rigid airplaue ~~y be affected by fuel notion in the ~~~~~ Such probisuc

ni~ it also arise in connection vith missiles.

In thi s report the response of the fuel to simple harmonic notions
•

•
of a rectangular tank in translation, pitching and yaving is studied . ‘~~s
shaps of the free sinface and the values of forces and ~~~ nts are obtained.

Using the fares and ~~~ent expressions, simple ~~~~~~~~ cal syste~~ equi~alent

to the fuel are constructed. These syste respo nd to notions of the task

veils in the sans fashion as the fuel, producing identical far ces and a~~~nts.
With the aid of this nseh~~ 4 cal asal o€y the e”uplete dynamic system can b*
handled by as~ desir ed ç~ oce.s. ~~~~

~~e Laplace transfarns of the fci cee end acasu ts are also obtai ned
• far use ~iben the enti re dynamics prOblemii to be solved by the transfosm

H method.
All of the above develc~~ ents asmas a non-viscous 1necmipreastbla
fluid subj ect to lineari,ad boundary conditions. All tank notions (except
that n~~ual to the uc~n free surface ) are restricted to it accelerations.

In addit1~a, the angular nottons of the task are restricted to u fl dis—

~~
• plses ats.

\ DDC 1~~ iced b r l

~~~~~~~~~ u~
tt on
,
~~
t ie c
~~

~~~ ~

\
Av(’Y

~~~:
- - -——

~~~~~~~~
—
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .
 -2-

INTRODUCTION

Reason for Investigation

There has been increasing interest recently in aircraft dynamics

1 2
problems which are affected by the motion of fuel in partially full tanks ' .
The stability and response of a rigid airplane is a problem of this type.

It is intuitively apparent that a large mass of fuel with a free surface

may have serious dynamic effects on the airplane, particularly if there is

a possibility of resonance.

Available Information

The understanding of these problems requires first an understanding

of the dynamics of fuel motion. A great deal of the necessary information

has been available for some time , particularly the nature of the free

oscillations of liquid in some tanks of simple shape. Extension of this

material to include forced oscillations makes it possible to determine the
forces communicated to the tank vails by an arbitrary motion of the tank

(or airplane). Prior work in this direction initiated by Stevart and

Lorell was in part responsible for the present investigation. Similar
problems have been investigated in the field of seismology. Ref. 5 gives
experimental results and additional references to theoretical and experimental
work in this field.

Methods Used

For convenience in solving the complete dynamics problem it may be

desirable to replace the fuel by a simple mechanical system. Therefore,
in addition to presenting the Laplace transforms of forces and moments,
~

I ~
-
~~~~~~
-—. .‘-
• ----.—“ -.•-- - —

• A~1~.-.-A SM
I

~ ~~
a uo ~ i ~ .
~~~~~~ ii
4 O
~~~~ ~~~ ~
2 -) 3 4 , Et
•

~ ~~~~ ~~ ~~ -

L..i1
DIV.$101 -LOC*T 011

Lt ,.t... 1

REPP ODU CTION DEPT .~

iHI DOCUM~ N1 IS Nor ro BE OUF. .ICATEC) UNLCSS ALL DATA

.OR THE ~COPY OP V CP(~ S REQUESTED ~S FILLED SN BELOW 3Y AN
ENG(P4aEA.
~.UThORIZLO

-
c v
________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _—
_

J~~ 4ai) 14~ IIJIIJ (rJ.

~-1Z. _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _

I ( (
~~~~ f ~]/~~~ 2-~~ - 5.2
e.q _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

~ ~fl-
_

~~-1J~~ ~ T±-~ I
_ ~~~4~$2~~ ’ L- -sa
1 4L ~~r~ ~~~ ~
’
-- -

~~~~~~~
I2 V ” ~
• -
~
-

I ~~t~
fCI€4~~~
PcRT
~~~~~~ 4(~~~~~ P~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

BEEN •3;~:tt ~~ ) . :~~~ ~~~~ NEE4N ~

0
~~~

~~
)J IS REVSS
~~~ J
~ ~~~~~4fl~
_ LL i- i d& 9i:~ i~
-

9- -

~ ~~~~
~ I “~ -‘ ~~~~ ‘- 1L&
-~~~~
‘~ ~~ -‘— ~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
—- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

~ ~~~
0
-
-

- 1/l’ -
~~~~
_ _ _

I
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ -
~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 9~~~ O ~~~~~~~~~

_ _ _ _ _
/j

_ _ _ _
_ _ _ _-
_ _

—1-s—--
•

t ~
- _ _ _ _ _
-—
~~~~~

oE- r
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
-
-

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~ -~~~ !
~ MI i /
t I .L-.
!AY 11 1S62
elf/I-

~~~ ~ ~
—_ _ _ _ _ _ _

•~~ 4-e4o— ~~~~~~~~~~, ,...)

~~~~~~~ ,
) I

_ _ _ _ _
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Z~~~~ 4
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~ g-6- z
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

g9 ~ ~
______
r-4~t id2~&e6~PIt.~4;~t
_ _ _ _
-
-~~

~ ~~ -
-

a -t’- -i
I
I-/ -42..
~ ~ ~
L ~~~

—.
- -
— ~~~~~~~
ñ.~ 24
I~5 d.~~~~~
. - --

R .J
-

J ct-
~ ~ ~3
•. , , ,

~~~~~~~ ~~
~~~~~~~ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _
•

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ L4_
~~~~~~ - IA 41. ________ • _ _ _ _ _ _ _
-

.53 LJ ___________
~2~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~
~~
.
j .. —
~~~
- ~~

_ u_
~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~
_ _ _
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

- - - ,.
, j ’ *
‘ .
. •
~~
f~-~ ~~ —L ~ L~
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~

- -
- — —_ _ _ _ _ ~~~~~ —
— - ~~~~~~~~~~~ -
~~~~~~~~~~~ , ~~~
-

) (4 ~L~ J L
j
Lb > L~~
~~~~~

~~
—

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~
.
 F
- -
•-••
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~

-
~~~~~

- ~~~~~~~~~~~~ •~~ •
-
.-

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
—
r
~~~~~~~~~~~~~UI~~~~~
•• - - - • ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ - - -I

ain-u.aa) (1- 33)

TECHN~CAL REPORT PRtNTING RECORD DOCUMENT NO. _ a3 /1/ #~

DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT CO.. INC.

AIRCRA FT DIVISION -

NOTSC E.
tHIS DOCUMENT 5 NOT TO SC DU’L SCATCO UNLESS Ri .5. DATA REQUIRED FOR THE COPY OP COPIES

REQUESTES ’ IS EP ~TERED SCI ON AND AUYS-~ORIZEO Sf THE RE PORTS SUPERVISOR OR HIGHE R AUTHO R ITY.
~1
—
I
AUTHOP; ZED PRINTED DWu . v~~~~~
COPY NUMSEP ASSIGNED TO TRANS LETTER ST S
NUMSER DATE DATE o*.t
•
~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ —~~ 5— - -~~~~
~~

-~~~ ~~~

~~~~ ~~~ ~~~

_ _ _ _ _ _ _
-

—
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I
-_
_ _
_____________________ __ __
____ __
t
_ _
_ _ _ _ _

& _ P 2— a L.Z) -i c
~ ~?- ~
_ _ _ _ _ _
~~~~~~~~~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
—

— 121~I ~~J ~5 IC. 4tI ~~~~~~ 44& 7121 - _ _ _ _ _

•
.

_ _ _ _
—

,? e z
~~~~~~

~~~~_i” - )
-
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
• _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _—

J ~ Fe’
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

U- °~~ - V~~~~~.
• •
‘-f l u .
-—
~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~

i~~~ -~ /~~ ô
-

~~~~~~ ~~~ 1
_ _ _ _ _ _ ~~
_ _ _ _ _ _
-

( •

~~~4e ~
( 7 ç.,,..J~-.,
- ~~ )~th’t W’$ i ci! t it - -
~~~~~
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
-
-~~~ _ _ _ _ _ _

I S
~~~~~~~~~ (,
-
O

,
,
~~~~~~~ ~~~
-

c~k , : il,. R. i’ ~~~~ ,!

/ -
~ ~~~ _ _ _ _ _

/O C — —

—_71)._ ~~
, ~

• P~~ L~~~ 1ii 1

~ ~~ ~~
~~~~~~~~
•
SI
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
‘7J ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ .‘ j ;.:
~~~~~
i • _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

~~~:-
~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~

__________
L
~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~
t ’ t_a--i ~ • ‘
•
~~~~
. P J .•
-
•
~~
-
b
‘IS —_ _ _ _ _

.?‘ui~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~

21
~ ~ 19’
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - -~~

-— _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
__________________________ _ _ _ _ _ __ __________
-
— —I.——
__________

• ~~~~~~~~
PA~~ S 355’
- - —- — ______________________________
eur
~
_ _ _ _

—.4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _

— ____

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
_______ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _

.
-

_ _ _- _ _
_ _

‘
-
—_• ,Ru~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
—
~~~~~~ •