2007-

08
A PROJECT REPORT
ON
TECHNO PARKS

SUBMITTED TO:

PROF. RENU KHANDELWAL

SUBMITTED BY:

SHAILESH GORI

ROLL NO – 78

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DECLARATION

I Mr. SHAILESH GORI of Royal College of TYBCOM

Hereby Declare That I Have Completed This Project On
“Techno Parks” In The Academic Year 2007-08. This
Information Submitted Is True & Original To The Best Of
My Knowledge.

Signature of student

CERTIFICATE
I Prof. RENU KHANDELWAL , Hereby Certify That Mr.
SHAILESH GORI OF Royal College of TYBCOM Has
Completed The Project On “Techno Parks” In The
Academic Year 2007-08. This Information Submitted Is
True & Original To The Best Of My Knowledge.

Signature of the principal Signature of the

Of the College / Institution Project Co-ordinator

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I TAKE THIS OPPORTUNITY TO EXPRESS OUR GRATITUDE AND

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO THE P R I N C I P A L P R O F .A.E. LAKDAWALA

FOR PROVIDING ME A MEDIUM TO PERFORM OUR ACTIVITIES

I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK PROF. RENU KHANDELWAL ROYAL COLLEGE

B.COM DEPARTMENT H.O.D, MIRA ROAD, FOR PROVIDING ME WITH

VALUABLE IDEAS AND MOTIVATING ME FOR THE PROJECT WORK.

By – Shailesh

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY/SYNOPSIS

Technology Parks & Incubators Australia Limited, is the peak industry

group representing technology parks and incubators in Australia. The body
was established to promote technology transfer, innovation and
entrepreneurial growth in Australia, specifically through technology parks
and incubators.

The Parks and Incubator members fulfil the criterion of promoting research
and development activity by Park and Incubator tenants by forming alliances
with research institutes such as universities and CSIRO.

Membership is open to eligible technology parks; incubators; those

associated with parks or incubators, including tenants, universities and other
research institutes; park/incubator developers; venture capital organisations;
government agencies; consultants; and other interested people.

Objectives

Technology Parks & Incubators Australia Ltd aims to:

• Facilitate and promote the role of technology parks and incubators in

fostering technology transfer, innovation and enterprise growth in
Australia.
• Identify and achieve world best practice in technology park and
incubator management to add value to tenant companies, park and
incubator stakeholders and their customers.
• Promote Australia as an international centre for research and
development by technology based organisations.
• Act as the public face of technology parks and incubators in
Australia.

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Technology Parks and Incubators Australia Limited holds an annual

conference to address the current issues relating to technology parks and
incubators. These conference proceedings are a compilation of the papers
presented at the 2001 annual conference. The conference was held in
Canberra, ACT at Old Parliament House on the 27th of March 2001. One
hundred and one delegates attended the one day conference which was titled
"What Technology Parks Achieve for Universities". There were sixteen
conference speakers that addressed the main topics of the conference
namely:

• What technology parks achieve for universities;

• What technology incubators achieve for universities; and
• Perspectives on the BITS technology incubator programme

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INDEX

SR. NO TOPICS PAGE NO:

1. INTRODUCTION 1-6

2. COMPANY PROFILE 7-8

3. COMPUTER PRODUCTS 9-11

4. NEW POLICY PARADIGM FOR 12-17

THE IT HARDWARE
INDUSTRY
5. COMPARISION WITH OTHER 18-19
COUNTRIES
6. READING MATERIAL 20-22
7. IBM TO EXPAND OPERATIONS 23-26
IN KARNATAKA
8. GUJARAT – SOFTWARE 27-31
TECHNOLOGY PARK
GANDHINAGAR
9. CONCLUSION 32

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY 33

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INTRODUCTION

When most people think about computer technology, they think hardware.
Due to its importance, we thought it would be nice to offer a framework for
understanding some key hardware concepts.

Hardware vs. software

A good rule of thumb is, if you can delete it, its software, if not, it's
hardware. Hardware is the term given to all the physical components that
make up technology. Computers, disks, ink cartridges, and practically
anything else that you can see and touch (and break) are classified as
hardware. The Internet programs, fundraising applications, and operating
systems that work on the hardware are collectively referred to as software.
Software can be removed (as many of us know too well) with the click of a
button, while hardware requires a little more physical effort to get rid of (a
little water or dust can make it malfunction just fine, though).

Types of hardware

The types of hardware are endless, but here is a brief classification system
that is commonly used:

Computers

The personal computer (PC) is the central unit in library-based computing.

Macs and IBM-compatible PCs are the big contenders, but they are all made
up of the same basic component.

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Peripherals

Printers, monitors, modems, scanners, and external drives are considered

peripherals to the computer. Peripherals need the computer, but they are
often an essential element to our computing experience. Take a second to
imagine trying to work your computer without the monitor.

Network hardware

Network hardware includes all the wires, cables, hubs, routers, and switches
that let computers talk to one another. This is the hardware that is usually
handled by the systems administrator, not the users (and most would prefer
to keep it that way).

Upgrading hardware

When getting down to specifics, upgrading hardware can mean different

things to different organizations, but the fundamental concept is the same.
Upgrading hardware means updating it to suit current needs. Most offices
upgrade their computers and printers by purchasing new ones every few
years. However, sometimes a new computer is not necessary. Often, adding
more memory, or an additional audio or video card, is all that's needed to
boost speed or functionality. See the article upgrading Your Computer
Components for more information.

Hardware support

Nearly everyone who has used a computer has had a problem with it at some
point. Getting support can sometimes mean additional training or reading
some tips from fellow users. Other times it can mean hiring or engaging a
volunteer systems administrator.

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Hardware maintenance

Most people think that maintaining hardware means fixing it when it breaks.
But there are ways to prevent problems from occurring. Systems
administration and maintenance can help keep the printer from jamming, the
network from crashing, and your computer from crawling.

Buying hardware

New hardware is often the largest expense in a library's technology budget.

Before you buy, it is important to assess your hardware needs. See
the Hardware Needs Worksheet to begin thinking about what your
organization needs before you spend the money buying the wrong computer
equipment or buying something you don't really need.

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Techno Parts GmbH

COMPANY PROFILE:

Company Name: Techno Parts GmbH

Country/Territory: Germany
Address: Alte Bottroper Str.81, Essen, Germany.
Products/Services We Offer: Hydraulic-Pneumatic Seals, O-Rings,
Fabric Seals, Injection Moulding Parts,
Business Type: Distributor/Wholesaler
Industry Focus: Gaskets & Seals , Mould ,
Geographic Markets: Worldwide
No. of Employees: 11 - 50 People
Certificates: DIN ISO 9001
Year Established: 1985

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EXPORTS:
Having over a decade of experience in SME
manufacturing, and making quality assurance a
fundamental part of operations, we have the ability
to export products for construction/ mining
/earthmoving equipment all over the world.
Sourcing from state of the art manufacturing
facilities, employing the best manufacturing
practices, we are able to offer competitive pricing,
international quality, and just in time deliveries.

Products:

• Push Pull cables

• Pull only cables
• Lever assemblies
• Friction material
• Rubber products
• Vibration isolators

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Desk Top PC Hard Disk Notebook Keyboards CDRW

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

Techno Phobia have been building and supplying PC's to Australian
businesses and home users since 1994.Our computer systems are designed to
be as reliable as possible. We use only quality parts and accessories, not
cheap parts that fall over at the first hurdle. Contact us today to talk about
custom designing a computer system to suit your needs or upgrading your
existing system.

Servers & Workstations

Our Servers & Workstations are designed to withstand the rigors that a
demanding business can place upon a network.

Laptops and Handhelds

We supply a large range of Laptops and Handheld Devices from major

manufacturers such as Compaq and Toshiba.

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Point Of Sale (POS)

From a basic Electronic Cash Register to a fully integrated POS system.

Talk to us about developing a system to suit your business.

Spare Parts and Accessories

We carry a large range of spare parts and accessories for PC's and laptops.
We pride ourselves on being able to source anything. The following is a list
of just some of the products we supply;

o Motherboards
o CPU's
o Memory Sticks
o Hard Drives / Zip Drives
o CD/CDRW/DVD/DVDR Drives
o Monitors
o Keyboards & Mice
o Video Cards
o Printers
o Scanners
o Digital Cameras Floppy Disks
o Cases
o Cables
o Printer Consumables
o Blank CDR's
o Network Cards
o Firewalls
o Routers & Switches
o plus much more

Software

We can supply just about any software package you desire from major
suppliers such as MICROSOFT, ADOBE, SYMANTEC, M.Y.O.B.,
AUTODESK, COMPUTER ASSOCIATES plus many more. We can also
supply specialist software upon request.

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Training

We can provide beginner and expert training in various software packages.

We are specialists in M.Y.O.B. and can train your staff to fully utilize the
many features available to make more efficient use of the program.

We also conduct training the MICROSOFT range of software suites

including WINDOWS & OFFICE.

Financing

Purchasing your hardware and software through a hire purchase or purchase

lease arrangement can be the ideal way to stay up to date with technology.
Rental payments allow you to spread the cost of the equipment over a period
of 24, 48 or 36 months, and all payments on business equipment are tax
deductible!

Finance for purchases can be arranged through a number of providers,

including Flexirent and Melbourne Finance Broking

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NEW POLICY PARADIGM FOR THE IT

HARDWARE INDUSTRY:
The Hardware Industry and the Software Industry are two sides of the same
gold coin representing India emerging as a Global IT superpower. The
Government of India approved the 108 recommendations covering IT
Software and associated services. The second integral part of this exercise is
the matching policy framework for the IT Hardware and associated services.
The success of one, whether it is the export of software of $ 50 billion by the
year 2008 and IT penetration drive for realizing IT for all by 2008, depends
on the concomitant success of the other which calls for the creation of the
policy ambiance for the IT hardware industry.

The past and the existing policy framework which brought about a high
uncertainty discouraging investments in a frequently changing duty regime,
with duty on inputs often more than that on finished goods, with
cumbersome and counter-productive import/export procedures which
impeded the velocity of business, predictably led to the decline in value
addition of the hardware industry and eventually to the closing down of
many of the units.

In contrast, the software industry flourished with continuously increasing

buoyancy attributable, in part, to the factor advantage of high quality
software human resources and partly due to a series of incentives given and
procedural simplifications made special to this industry. Being human
resource intensive, the software industry was able to convert this advantage
into increasing exports.

Techno-economists pose the obvious question: Given the same degree of

incentives and simplification of procedures bestowed on the software
industry, is there a feasible policy regime which can give similar buoyancy
to the Indian IT Hardware Industry inspite of the capital intensiveness of the
industry as a whole, without conflicting with the growth of the Software and
IT Services industry?

The answer to this question requires careful reconciliation between

numerous conflicting factors, some of which are outlined here.

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In a controlled economy, different import duties were levied on various

components and subsystems going into the manufacture of the end-
equipment like Personal Computers depending upon whether the component
is made in the country or not. For those made in the country, a suitable
higher barrier on import is placed. Added to this, is the financial resource
mobilization for which Government is utilizing the import duty as an
instrument. Most countries which have succeeded in setting up the hardware
industry on a large scale with high value addition have done so without
taking recourse to this route. In India, taking this route in the past was one
reason for the progressive decimation of the hardware industry. Higher duty
on Personal computers, for example, would mean that the cost of Personal
Computers in India will be higher. This in turn, will severely impede the
large scale penetration of PC-based applications in the social and economic
spheres of the country.

The opportunity cost associated with not having these IT applications in

place to the desired levels, is several times the revenue mobilized by the
levying of such duties. The adverse price elasticity has resulted in far more
adverse demand elasticity. Without having enough population of IT products
in the country, the economy of scale got reduced. Producing IT hardware at
unviable economy of scale has resulted in increased cost of production.
Thus, the entire industry languished as a small time industry. The flourishing
software and IT services industry, which saw this trend as a counter-
productive economics, increased the pressure for taking the import route.
Thus, they perceived the hardware industry as a stumbling block to their
growth and consequently became a direct or indirect agent for de-
emphasizing the value addition in the hardware industry. The hardware
industry, under such pressure, took recourse to a continuously decreasing
added value in their manufacture.

The IT hardware industry increasingly got transformed into direct or indirect

dealers of foreign brands. When this happened, the software industry and
those wanting to promote more and more IT services and applications, began
asking a logical question: "why should imports be so channelized only
through those who were labeled as hardware manufacturers and why not
open out imports through non-manufacturing dealers and get the systems
maintained either by themselves or through third party maintenance service
units?"

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Based on the recommendations of the National Task Force on Information

Technology and Software Development, the Government of India approved
the policy for advancing the zero import duty targets on all IT finished goods
from 1-1-2005 to 1-1-2002 and several key parts to January 1, 1999 in line
with the originally proposed WTO-ITA-I schedule. With less than 30
months to this target applicable especially to only the IT sector, the
Government's revenue earning through import duties need not be a major
concern. The protection of the surviving units of the hardware industry can
be given as a reason for not advancing the target date even further. With the
drive for PC and other IT product penetration ever-increasing and with the
past and existing policy paradigm, it is unlikely that many of these surviving
hardware units which have achieved higher value addition can survive to see
the year 2002. Marginal retuning of the policies would have no salient
impact. If the present surviving units are required to survive and grow in
future and if the entire hardware industry has to be put on a high growth
path, without adversely affecting the growth of the software industry as well
as IT services and applications, then a major paradigm shift of the policy
regime is essential for the following reasons:

1. Uncertainty discourages an investment - uncertainty has to be minimized

by avoiding change of duty regime every year with zero duty as the ultimate
goal.

2. Duty on inputs should not be more than that on finished goods, as the
negative potential gradient will impede further investments.

3. All factors leading to the grey market, which creates unfair competition,
have to be de-emphasized.

4. In an import intensive industry like the hardware industry, with fast

changing prices and obsolescence, all procedures for imports, exports,
licensing and inspection should be simplified to help increase the velocity of
business.

5. The economical scales internationally achieved should also be nationally

achieved in the shortest possible time. Until large enough volumes of
production can be put in place, the market should combine a large enough
export drive with the internal market.

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6. Competitive climate for investment and production in comparison with

that present in the competing countries should be put in place including
customs, foreign exchange regulations, labor laws, banking facilities and
support infrastructure.

Making IT hardware manufacture viable in the Indian context, is a major

challenge of reconciling highly conflicting parameters cutting across
software, IT services and applications, hardware import, hardware
manufacture, subsystem and parts import, subsystems and parts
manufacture, component import and component manufacture. One exercise
is to work out the reconciliation which calls for a minimum sacrifice - be it
the loss of Government revenue, attenuated growth of one industry or the
other, survival of the more disadvantaged units, slowing down of the IT
application drive, etc.

From the vantage of the indirect taxation of the IT hardware manufacturing

industry, the scenario is:

• The majority of the bill of materials of the IT hardware industry are

sourced locally involving such items like Plastic, Steel, magnetic devices,
passive devices, etc.

• Units manufacturing in the DTA buy these items by paying excise duty as
well as multiple levels of Sales and Sales Tax and Entry Tax.

• Most of the excise duty gets recovered by offsetting through MODVAT

process.

• Cascading effect of sales tax poses considerable disadvantage.

• The level of import duty compensates the disadvantages created by the

fiscal system of the country for the local manufacturers. This is especially so
for the import duty differential between finished products and the key parts
imported.

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The problem gets more complicated with the stringent requirements of

infrastructure like the following:

• Quality, quantity and regularity of power.

• Quick transportation of goods from the factory to the ports.

• Efficient facilities at Ports for loading/unloading of containers at any time

of the day to facilitate timely export shipments.

• The special requirement of fast courier services for import or export of

small consignments of goods.

• Production infrastructure in industrial parks to have captive power plants

and get competitive fiscal and tax benefits with respect to competing
countries.

• Value added telecommunication services

In short, the paradigm shift in the long term strategy to boost hardware
production and export will be required to satisfy the following objectives:

• Ensure sustainable survival

• Enlarge viable local manufacturing base

• Dynamically increase productivity and modernization

• Attract fresh investments from within the country and abroad

• Generate skilled employment opportunities

• Operate at internationally viable economy of scale

• Minimize the Grey market and the misuse of the import policies for dual
use items

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• Bring about a maximally 'win-win- .......' situation among the various sub-
sectors of the IT industry

Integral attainment of the above objectives in India is infeasible, except

through the creation of a delicately balanced policy oasis which essentially
requires a high degree of political will to implement, a high level of national
ability to take justifiable risks and a change of mind-set for accepting such
bold and pragmatic paradigm shift. It is self-evident that the super power
status for India cannot be realized without such essential qualifications.

In what follows in this BR-2 report, the concept of 'Soft bonding' is

presented in Section-II followed by the outline of the 'Soft Bonded IT Unit'
in Section-III, Fiscal & Financial Procedures in Section-IV, Procedural
Simplifications in Section-V, the Information Infrastructure in Section -VI,
Export Incentives in Section-VII, other banking issues in Section-VIII,
Company Law Issues in Section-IX, Conglomerated High Tech Habitats in
Section-X and D&D of New IT Products, Processes & Services in Section-
XI.

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Comparison with Other Countries

I want to convince you that Indonesia can still take a whack at the IT
industry. Nasayers will say that Indonesia is too poor to play the IT game.
Other reasons for not to take this opportunity are political instability, the
wide spread of software piracy, and lack of English capability. While it is
true that those reasons could seriously hamper progress, they do not stop
other countries in taking the opportunity. Let’s see how they are doing.

India
India is usually used as an example of a country successful in software
business. What do you think when you hear the world “Bangalore”? Most
people associate Bangalore with software development. When we thing
software development, we think that the whole country must be rich or well
developed, like America. It is not quite right. While Bangalore might be well
developed for software industry, the whole India is not necessarily ready.
[Similaryly, we do not have to wait until the whole Indonesia is IT-ready.
We could focus on selected parts of Indonesia, such as Bandung.]
Financial-wise, India is not a rich country. But she is dominant in the
software industry. Many people believe that IT is only a game for rich
countries. That is not true, as India has shown. Thus, Indonesia can also take
part in this game.
India started to be known as a software producer since 1995. It is not long
ago. And yet, India’s software export has multiplied and become US$ 4
billions in 2002. It is estimated that they can get US$ 50 billions in 2008.
That is for only software. If you still remember, our plan is to reach US$ 30
export in 2010. And that is for everything. It should be noted that the Indian
export figures are for software exports, i.e. not for local consumption. This
shows us that focusing on creating software for export is a viable approach.
Political situation in India is as complicated as in other countries. In my
opinion, it is more complicated than Indonesia. Many people think that
without political stability it is difficult to create business. India has shown us
that it is still possible to create business even when political situation is still
unclear. Another example of hot situation is Israel. They are in the middle of
war, and yet business is thriving.
That all tells us that Indonesia can participate in the IT field. Although it
should be noted that people in India, at least those who deal with the IT
industry, speak English fluently. So, English is not a problem for them. We
have to improve our English.

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China

China is another extreme example. China is also a poor country like India.
Just like India, techno parks are being created in China. However unlike
India, most software & hardware developments are targeted to local
(domestic) market. It is understandable since their domestic market is huge.
Once they have satisfied their domestic market they will go to global
market. Watch out.
Software piracy is high, but yet Microsoft opened a research center in
Beijing. How could that be? Many people blame piracy as the main source
for slow growth in software business. But, as China indicates, software
development progresses rapidly. Don’t get me wrong. I do not say that
software piracy is a good thing. My point is that we cannot blame software
piracy alone for the slow growth in software industry in Indonesia.
English is still a barrier. But software businesses are being developed. This
lesson also says that even we do not know English, we can still survive. This
is somewhat misleading. China is targeting their software for local market.
Thus, English is not a main concern. If we target our software for export,
like India, then we should improve our English.

Malaysia
Malaysia is pictured to be the next IT hub in our region. They have many
initiatives to make their dreams come true. Their Government is committed
to IT. However, I feel that they have not achieved their target. Despite the
exposure in many media, Cyberjaya is not as alive as it could be. It is still a
dead city. Many companies are still located in Kuala Lumpur. Our lesson
from this is that Government commitment is not enough.

Epilogue
It takes many years to make Silicon Valley as it is right now. Starting from
Dean Terman’s initiative at Stanford University in the 60s to Apple
computer explosion in 1975, it takes 15 years. I sure think that it probably
takes many years to make Bandung High Tech Valley a reality. Be patient,
work hard and focus. See you in the future. …

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Reading Material
1. Haryoto Kunto, "Nasib Bangunan Bersejarah di Kota Bandung,"
Granesia Bandung, 2000.
2. Jennifer Hillner, “Venture Capitals: Skunk works, start-ups, and hungry
VCs are making these 46 hubs the hot spots of the global high tech
network,” Wired Magazine, 8.07, July 2000.
3. Brad Wieners and Jennifer Hillner, “Silicon Envy,” Wired Magazine,
6.09, September 1998.
4. Martina Fromhold-Eisebith, and Guenter Eisebith, “The Indonesian
Technology Region of Bandung: High potential, low profile,” IDPR, 24
(1), 2002.

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IBM to expand operations in Karnataka

Fakir Chand in Bangalore | May 05, 2003 15:10 IST

IBM Inc, the $81-billion world's largest IT firm, will be expanding its
operations in Karnataka, including a Linux development centre at Hubli and
ramping up its existing facilities in Bangalore, where the headquarters of its
Indian subsidiary is located.

IBM's expansion plans in the state emerged out of a meeting between IBM
chairman Samuel J Palmisano and Karnataka Chief Minister S M Krishna
and senior government officials in Bangalore on Monday.

Though Palmisano declined to interact with the waiting newspersons,

Krishna told the media after the 30-minute meeting that IBM India had
decided to expand its Bangalore facility in the areas of software
development, global services and research and development.

"The state government has told the IBM to look at Hubli in North Karnataka
to set up a Linux development centre as the Software Technology Park of
India has established a techno park for start-ups and new IT companies,"
Krishna stated.

Palmisano, who is on a three-day visit to India for the first time as IBM
CEO, has assured the chief minister to respond positively on the subsidiary's
expansion plans in the state.

"As part of our global IT policy, we have told the IBM chairman to enlarge
its activities in Karnataka. We have put forth our views to strengthen IBM
India's presence in the state and take advantage of our pro-IT initiatives as
Bangalore offers the best of facilities, including high-skilled talent pool,"
Krishna disclosed.

Palmisano also mentioned to Krishna that IBM global was looking at

Bangalore on priority to expand their operations, but did not reveal any
investment figures.

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"The discussions were at an exploratory stage. The details will be worked

out with the state IT department. Though he did not disclose the investment
plans, we understand that it would be huge as IBM is keen to take its
operations in Bangalore and Karnataka to a global scale," Krishna affirmed.

Asked whether IBM had shown interest in setting shop in the hardware park
the state government was planning to set up, the chief minister said though
no specific mention was made, IBM expressed a holistic interest, which
includes hardware, software, services and R&D.

Meanwhile, IBM director for external communications in Asia Fred P

McNesse told rediff.com that Palmisano would be interacting with a number
of its customers and partners during his current visit.

"As a company's policy, we do not make public Palmisano's schedule as we

do not want our rival competitors to know whom all he is meeting and where
all he is going in Bangalore, Delhi and Mumbai," McNesse asserted.

Describing the significance of Palmisano's first visit to the sub-continent,

McNesse said IBM India was increasingly becoming important to the Big
Blue's global operations as a development centre with software and research
labs, call centre and services.

"India is emerging as a huge market for IBM's operations. We value the

domain expertise its talented engineers command. To be in India is a win-
win situation for us," McNesse claimed.

Out of a total of 4000 people IBM employees in India, about 2,500 software
engineers are located in Bangalore, with the rest spread in Hyderabad,
Mumbai, Delhi and Chennai.

In calendar year 2002, IBM India posted a revenue of Rs 1800 crore (Rs 18
billion).

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While Palmisano's itinerary in India continues to be closely guarded,

officials said the chairman would be holding a series of meetings with the
top management of the subsidiary later in the day and hold inter-active
sessions with heads of project teams in software development, services and
research labs.

With the Linux emerging as the fastest growing operating system the world
over, IBM has enabled its entire range of hardware, software, middleware
and services to operate on the new platform.

The Big Blue has so far invested $1billion to enable its entire software and
hardware run on it for its global operations.

For instance, in India alone as many as 40 Internet Service Providers are

making their operations on IBM Linux platform for mission critical
applications. Many companies are moving from Unix to Linux.

Keeping in view the findings of the IDC, which have projected a

phenomenal growth of Linux as the largest OS by 2004, IBM India is
participating with the open source community for developing Linux.

According to IBM India managing director and CEO Abraham Thomas, the
IBM Linux development centre in Bangalore, which is among the seven
such facilities worldwide, supports business partners and independent
software vendors in the South Asian region.

"The development centre brings key IBM enterprise class strengths to Linux,
especially in areas such as reliability, availability and serviceability,"
Thomas added.

The centre is also developing the OS for a PDA device, the size of a wrist
watch to demonstrate the viability of Linux across platforms, be they large
enterprise servers, workstations, desktop, mobile computers or the smallest
intelligent devices.

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The company has already set up a Linux competency centre in Bangalore,

the fourth of its kind in Asia, to develop standards and embedded software
for open source. It also plans to rope in various universities to develop
curriculum with applications, middleware, and tools on Linux.

To achieve the set goals, IBM India has so far invested $100 million during
the last two years in expanding its countrywide operations, including
software development facilities in Bangalore and Pune, and a new centre at
Gurgaon in Haryana.

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Gujarat - Software Technology Prk

ndhinagar
Industrial Infrastructure Facilities - State Government

STP is a 100% Export Oriented Scheme for the development and Export of
IT Software and Services using communication links or physical media and
including export of professional services. This Scheme is unique in its
nature as it focuses on IT Software & Services and integrates the concept
of 100% Export Oriented Units (EOUs) and Export Processing Zones
(EPZs) of the Government of India and the concept of Software
Technology Parks as operating elsewhere in the World.

Services offered by STPI Gandhinagar

SoftLINK is a Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

based Value Added Network Service which provides 24 hour access to the
Global Commercial IP Networks. This service is available over Ethernet
LAN at the STP-Complex as well as Radio Links.

STPI-Gandhinagar offers wide range of connectivity options for the

customers who opt for the SoftLINK service to get the access to the
Internet. Customer can choose any of the connectivity options which suits
his needs. Customer can migrate change to another connectivity option if
required.

Following are the additional services provided to the SoftLINK customer

by STPI-G.

• IP Addresses to Customers (Limited Number)

• E-Mail
• World Wide Web (www)
• DNS service
• TelNet (Remote Login)
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Web Hosting Service
• Consulting in Building the LANs

SoftPOINT is a Point to Point data link offering speeds ranging from

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64kbps to 2Mbps to attach your network to your own or client's network

abroad.

SoftPOINT is a point to point n X 64 kbps digital private line service. This

service connects software exporters in India to their clients located abroad
having full n X 64 kbps digital connectivity. The service is available
round the clock. This is quite useful and economical for large software
exports operations, specifically those involved in remote login, corporate
network access, etc. It is available from the STP complex as well as from
any of the user premises in and around Gandhinagar.

The charges for this service are fixed irrespective of the time and the
volume of data transfer by the user.

With the proven experience STPI Gandhinagar can offer Network

Consultancy to :-

1. Network Design
2. Network Security
3. DNS
4. Mail Services
5. Proxy Server

Highlights of STP at Gandhinagar

• STP - Gandhinagar is established by the Department of Electronics,

Government of India in Gandhinagar which is a pollution-free city
with peaceful work culture unique to the state of Gujarat.

• The IBS Earthstation is established at STP - Gandhinagar, which

serve as International Gateway, providing 64 Kbps High Speed Data
Communication (HSDC) facility and an Internet access facility for
STP member Units. These are critical pre-requisits for Software
Exporters to undertake meaningful off-shore IT projects.

• The Earthstation of STP - Gandhinagar has provision for a Point-to

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Multipoint Radio access with any private STP within a radius of 25

Kms around the STP Gandhinagar complex.

• The STP is located in the Electronics Estate amidst Gandhinagar,

capital of the State of Gujarat. The estate is well planned with all
basic facilities like power, water, roads, communication, parks, etc.
available within the estate. Enterpreneurs can take constructed
buildings for their unit to start business quickly. Alternatively, open
plots are available to construct suitable buildings.

• A State Bank of India (SBI) branch is already operating within the

STP-Gandhinagar complex premises. In addition, SBI's Zonal office
in Gandhinagar with facilities for handling foreign exchange is fully
computerized.

• Skilled manpower - Essential ingredient for Software Venture

available in Gujarat. More than 8600 skilled engineers graduate out
of 104 Engineering Colleges and Technical Institutes within
Gujarat.

• The state houses the prestigeous Management Institute - The Indian

Institute of Management (IIM) in Ahmedabad.

• 24 Software Companies approved to operate under the jurisdictional

area of STP Gandhinagar covering Gujarat, Dadara Nagar and
Haveli.

Major benefits for companies located in the Software Technology Park

(STP)

• Single window clearance for all approvals by the Department of

Electroics through the Inter-Ministerial Standing Committee
(IMSC).

• Import certificate is issued by the concerned Director of STP.

• All imports are 100% duty-free.

• Total exemption of Central Excise Duty.

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• Foreign equity upto 100% is permissible. Repatriation of profits and

dividends earned by foregn investors is allowed.

• The sale in the domestic tariff area (DTA) is permissible upto 25%
of the exports in value terms made by the STP units. Export
obligation = 1.5 x CIF value (Cost Insurance Freight) of the
hardware imported including software (for which foreign exchange
has been released by RBI) + 1.5 x Annual wage bill. The obligation
on the Hardware part may be fulfilled over a period of 4 years.

• No value addition norms.

• STP Units are exempted from Corporate Income Tax for a block of 5
years in first 8 years of operation.

• Built up space with infrastructural facilities are available at STP

complex. These include a Core Computer facility and High Speed
Data Communication facility.

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CONCLUSION

We compare the performance of software-supported shared memory on a

general-purpose network to hardware-supported shared memory on a
dedicated interconnect.Up to eight processors, our results are based on the
execution of a set of application programs on a SGI 4D/480 multiprocessor
and on TreadMarks, a distributed shared memory system that runs on a Fore
ATM LAN of DECstation-5000/240s. Since the DECstation and the 4D/480
use the same processor, primary cache, and compiler, the shared-memory
implementation is the principal difference between the systems.

Our results show that TreadMarks performs comparably to the

4D/480 for applications with moderate amounts of synchronization, but the
difference in performance grows as the synchronization frequency increases.
For applications that require a large amount of memory bandwidth,
TreadMarks can perform better than the SGI 4D/480.Beyond eight
processors, our results are based on execution-driven simulation.
Specifically, we compare a software implementation on a general-purpose
network of uniprocessor nodes, a hardware implementation using a
directory-based protocol on a dedicated interconnect, and a combined
implementation using software to provide shared memory between
multiprocessor nodes with hardware implementing shared memory within a
node. For the modest size of the problems that we can simulate, the
hardware implementation scales well and the software implementation
scales poorly.

The combined approach delivers performance close to that of the

hardware implementation for applications with small to moderate
synchronization rates and good locality. Reductions in communication
overhead improve the performance of the software and the combined
approach, but synchronization remains a bottleneck

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Books

 Export Management by P.K. Khurana.

 Export Institutions by Prof.S.R.Yadav.

 Export Assistance and Incentives by Prof. Shridhar

Mehta.

 Export Marketing by N.G. Kale.

2. Journals & Magazines

 Economic and Political Weekly.

 Business.

 Foreign Affairs.

3. Internet Sites

 www. Google.com.

 www. IBM.Com

 www. Software Technology Park.Com

 www. Techno Parks.Com

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