TRANSIENT RECOVERY VOLTAGE OF 400 kV SF6

CIRCUIT BREAKER WHEN CLEARING SHORT-

LINE FAULT

1
1
Outline

 INTRODUCTION
 SHORT-LINE FAULT
 MODELING
 EXAMPLE

2
1
Introduction

 TRV is the voltage across the opening contacts of a fault-interrupting

circuit breaker immediately after the electric arc is extinguished.

 This voltage may be considered in two successive time intervals: one

during which the transient voltage exists, followed by the second one
during which exists the power frequency voltage alone.

 For TRV studies, the two most important factors are: the maximum
voltage attained depending on the normal system operating voltage and
the rate of rise of recovery voltage (RRRV) during oscillation, which is
also dependent on the frequency of oscillations.

3
1
 Short-line fault

Source t=0 Transmission line

Z Z UA
A B C UBD
UCDo
t
UCD
UCDp
D

TRV waveform for SLF (UBD – source side voltage, UCD – line side voltage)

 Figure depicts the line side component of TRV, which has a saw-tooth
shape and the source recovery voltage that rises much more slowly.

Occurrence of a fault on the overhead line relatively close to a circuit-

breaker (short-line fault - SLF) is characterized by the TRV oscillation from
the line side.

 The line side triangular recovery voltage is important during the early
portion of the TRV. 14
Short-line fault

 The IEC standards define the procedure for the determination of

TRV when the circuit breaker is tested in SLF conditions.

 Information about TRV that a circuit breaker is expected to

encounter in service is of great importance in its design and operation.

 The source-side voltage is a relatively slow rising voltage with a

frequency in the range 500-5000 Hz.

 The frequency of the line-side voltage is in the range 20-100 kHz.

The oscillation is caused by a short length of the line between the
circuit breaker and the place of the fault.

 Because overhead lines have distributed electrical parameters, the

line side voltage oscillates in the form of a travelling wave with positive
and negative reflections at the open breaker and at the fault location,
respectively.

5
1
Thermal recovery region
 In the period of establishing TRV on the line side to the first peak,
which lasts several microseconds, there is a danger of occurrence
of thermal breakdown in the SF6 circuit breaker.

TRV on SF6 circuit breaker contacts in the thermal recovery region.

Successful interuption Dielectric failure after approximately 5 µs

6
1
Short-line fault

 The closer the fault to the circuit breaker, the higher the initial rate
of rise of the line side recovery voltage due to the higher fault current,
while the crest magnitude of this line side triangular wave decreases
due to the shorter time needed for the reflected wave to return.

 The amplitude and the rate of rise of TRV for these short-line faults
are determined on a single-phase basis during their early time periods
(typically less than 20 μs), when the source side voltage changes only
slightly.

7
1
 EMTP-RV model

m1
+ VM
?v

C4

C7
+ +

1 .6 n F

1 .6 n F
DEV1 DEV2

Ar c m odel based on Ar c m odel based on

in Schwar z/Avdonin equation out in Schwar z/Avdonin equation out

CB_ ARC CB_ ARC

v (t)

p4
BUS8
v (t)

p3

0 .0 5 n F C2
a BUS2

?s
BUS3
BUS1
43 m
?s

a
171 m L5 L3
FDl i n e 1
AC1 TL M 5 b + + b TL M 1
v el a a

+
+ a
1uH 1uH
+

+
PI + C5 +
b FD b
?v i CP
0 .1 7 0 .0 5 n F CP
0 .0 4
L6 L4 c c
4 2 0 k VRM SL L /_ 0
+ +

+
c c
+

0 .0 0 4 4 u F C1
2 .5 4 n F C3 1uH 1uH

+
+
C6 0 .0 1 R1
0 .0 5 n F
?i

Network equivalent 420 kV Busbar Double-break 420 kV SF6 C.-B. in phase A Conductors CVT Transmission line Fault resistance

8
1
 TL – geometrical and electrical data

 Frequency
dependent (FD) line
transmission line.lin

LINE DATA
model in: transmission line_rv.pun

7.12 m 7.12 m

40 cm

10.5 m 10.5 m

23.28 m 15.79 m

9
1
Line model specification

10
1
TL – loading data (*.pun)

FDline1

+ FD

11
1
 Busbars – geometrical and electrical data

busbar.lin

LINE DATA
model in: busbar_rv.csv

12
1
 Busbars – constant parameter line model

busbar.lin

LINE DATA
model in: busbar_rv.csv

13
1
Busbars – line length and soil resistivity

14
1
Busbars – saving case and generating model data

15
1
Busbars – loading data (*.csv)

TLM5

+ CP
0.17

16
1
Busbars – loaded data

17
1
 Conductors – geometrical and electrical data

conductors.lin

LINE DATA
model in: conductors_rv.csv

18
1
 Conductors – constant parameter line model

conductors.lin

LINE DATA
model in: conductors_rv.csv

19
1
Conductors – line length and soil resistivity

20
1
Conductors – saving case and generating model data

21
1
Conductors – loading data (*.csv)

TLM1

+ CP
0.04

22
1
Conductors – loaded data

23
1
Modeling circuit breaker
Grading capacitors
m1
+ VM
?v

C4

C7
+ +

1.6nF

1.6nF
DEV1 DEV2

Arc model based on Arc model based on

Breaking
in Schwarz/Avdonin equation out in Schwarz/Avdonin equation out chambers in
CB_ARC CB_ARC phase A

v(t)

p4
+
BUS8
0.05nF C2
a BUS2

?s
a
L5 L3
b + + + b
1uH 1uH
0.05nF C5
L6 L4
c + + c
1uH 1uH
+

0.05nF C6

Capacitance of breaking
Circuit breaker contacts chambers to ground
24
1
Simulation results
 SLF at distance 3 km from substation.

Line side voltage

Source side voltage

25
1
Rate of rise of recovery voltage (RRRV)

26.5 µs
Line side voltage

76.68 kV

RRRV=2.8936 kV/µs

Source side voltage

26
1
Voltage on breaking chambers

Voltage on breaking chamber 1

Voltage on breaking chamber 2

27
1
TRV on circuit breaker

28
1
RRRV on circuit breaker

RRRV=3.1332 kV/µs
83.34201 kV

26.6 µs

Maximum permited RRRV=7.2 kV/μs for 400 kV SF6 CB according to

IEC, for fault current of 36 kA.
29
1
Fault current

I=31.178 kA

30
1
 TRAINING DUBROVNIK, CROATIA - APRIL, 27 - 29 2009
SIMULATION & ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEM TRANSIENTS WITH
EMTP-RV

TRANSIENT RECOVERY VOLTAGE OF 400 kV SF6

CIRCUIT BREAKER WHEN CLEARING SHORT-
LINE FAULT
Prof. Ivo Uglešić

Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing

University of Zagreb, Croatia
31
1