Rain water harvesting in Islamabad:

Company: CDA (Capital Development Authority)

What is rain water harvesting:

Rain water harvesting is a technique of collection and storage of

rainwater into natural reservoirs or tanks, or the infiltration of surface
water into subsurface aquifers (before it is lost as surface runoff).
Roof top harvesting:

One method of rainwater harvesting is rooftop harvesting. With

rooftop harvesting, most any surface — tiles, metal sheets, plastics, but
not grass or palm leaf — can be used to intercept the flow of rainwater
and provide a household with high-quality drinking water and year-
round storage. Other uses include water for gardens, livestock, and
irrigation, etc.

Purpose:

The principal is when the rain water falls rather than allowing to simply
flow in to the water drain and wasted we store this water and bring it
to good use.

Islamabad water shortage:

Islamabad is faces heavy water shortage every year. Water level of the
city is continuously getting lower and lower. To decrease this burden
rain water harvesting project was initiated by CDA in collaboration with
UNDP (United Nation Development Program) and PCRWR(Pakistan Commented [us1]:

Council Of Research in water resources)

The project was completed in 2011.

Filtration unit:

Hidden under metal lids in a forest close to the mosque, there are huge
reservoirs. Here the water is filtered with the help of sand filter-beds.
After the filter the water runs down vertical pipes up to the ground
water level.
These tanks should provide clean drinking water while recharging the
local water table for the city’s nearly 1 million residents.

Future projects:

According to CDA website the project was a huge success and they are
planning to open other rain water harvesting projects throughout the
city at 20 different locations.

The new sites where the Rain Water Harvesting programme would be
executed before the monsoon rainfall include drainage of Faisal Avenue
Margallah Road and Faisal Mosque, Eastern Ravine of E-7, Western
Ravine of E-7, Ravine located at East of E-7, Drainage of Faisal Avenue
at F-8/3, Drainage of Faisal Avenue at F-7/2, Drainage of F-7/4 South of
Fazl-e-Haq Road, Linear Park between F-6/3 and F-5/2, Children Park in
Street 10, F-6/3, Drainage of Club Road, Drainage of Faisal Avenue
Shakarparian Chowk and Zero-Point, Runoff from the Park Between I-8
and H-8, Drainage of Shakarparian Chowk, Drainage of I-8 Markaz near
Imambargah, Use of abandoned tube-well (8/54) in Sector I-9/4, use of
abandoned tube-well (7/55) in Sector I-9/2, AGPR Building G-8, Runoff
from I-9/4 and STP.

Calculation:
  Exact project cost of project was not available on CDA or PCRWR
website so we have no choice but to suppose that value.
 Project Cost: 10,000,000 rs= 10 million RS

Water saved depend on the amount of rain fall as we are replacing our
normal water use to rain water use.

Islamabad climate (according to Wikipedia)

Climate data for Islamabad (1961–1990)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Average precipitation 56.1 73.5 89.8 61.8 39.2 62.2 267.0 309.9 98.2 29.3 17.8 37.3
mm (inches) (2.21) (2.89) (3.54) (2.43) (1.54) (2.45) (10.51) (12.20) (3.87) (1.15) (0.70) (1.47

Rain fall is measured in millimeter precipitation.

Rain gauge is an meteorological instrument for determine the depth of

precipitation (usually in mm) that occurs over a unit area (usually
one meter squared) and thus measuring rainfall amount.
One millimeter of measured precipitation is the equivalent of one
liter of rainfall per meter squared.

Rain fall/ year =1142.1 mm precipitation

=1142.1 liter/ m^2

Area of Feisal mosque = 5000 m^2

Water saved/ year =5000*1142.1

=5,710,500 liter

Water price =2 RS/liter (supposed)

Money saved/ year =2*5710500*2

=11,421,000 rs

Water saved per month depend on the month chosen.

Water saved/month(august) =5000*39.2

=1549500 Liters

Money saved/ month(august) =1549500*2

=3,099,000 RS

Water saved/ day(august) =1549500 liters/30

= 51650 liters

Money saved/ day =51650*2

=103,300 RS

Water saved /10 years =5,710,500 liter*10

=57,105,000 liters
Money saved/10 years =114,210,000 rs

By using micro soft excel we found

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
water
saved 280500 367500 449000 309000 196000 311000 1335000 1549500 491000 146500 89000 186500 5710500
liters
money
saved 561000 735000 898000 618000 392000 622000 2670000 3099000 982000 293000 178000 373000 11421000
(rs)

Life cycle cost analysis:

 Project Cost: -10,000,000 rs= 10 million RS(supposed)

 Maintenance cost=-5 million( supposed)
 Money saved/10 years =+114,210,000 rs
 Disposal cost =-1 million
 Total Life Cycle cost = Total costs (Price,maintenance, disposal)
 Life cycle cost=114,210,000-1,000,000-5,000,000
 Life cycle cost=108210000 RS

https://www.dawn.com/news/515174
https://www.dw.com/en/islamabad-to-harvest-rain-water/a-5787215
https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Rainwater_harvesting
http://www.sciencevision.org.pk/BackIssues/Vol19/07_Vol19_Rainwater_Harv
esting_Potential_Sites_BushraKhalid.pdf