Ama Research Revise 2

Factors Affecting the Reading Comprehension of Grade 11 Students
AMA Computer College Pampanga
3rd Floor, OYG Building, B Mendoza St. City of San Fernando Pampanga
Senior High School
Factors affecting the Reading Comprehension Grade 11 students:
Reading Comprehension
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Practical Research 1
By:
Group 4- PH112
Cabasa, Joy Kylene
Bengco, Chrisanto
Pangilinan, Ciari Mae
Colasito, Roberto
Evangelista, Christel
AMA Computer College Senior HighPage 1

Garma, Mary Ann
Gozum, Andrei
Titco, Patricia Andrei
Tangle, Jessica
Mendoza, Andrea
Pring, Paula Nicole
APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research I that entitled “Factors Affecting the Reading
Comprehension of Grade 11 Students of AMA ”prepared and submitted by Cabasa, Joy Kylene,
Bengo, Chrisanto, Colasito, Robert, Evangelista, Christel, Garma, Mary Ann, Gozum, Andrei, Mendoza,
Andrea, Pangilinan, Ciari Mae, Pring, Paula Nicole, Tagle, Jessa, Titco, Patricia. Grade 11 HUMMS of AMA
is hereby recommended for final examination.
Jorren P. Manalo
Adviser
Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research I by the Examination Committee.
Rosielyn P. bautista
Principal
March 2019
Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction
Background of the study
Conceptual Framework
Theoretical Framework
Statement of the Problem
Objectives of the Study
Hypothesis
Scope
Delimitation
Significance of the study
Definition of Terms
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature and Studies
Foreign Studies
Local Studies
Foreign Literature
Local Literature
Theoretical Framework
Relevant theory
Definition of Variable
Chapter III

Methods and Techniques of the study
Process
Instrument
Questioners
Chapter IV:
analysis
interpretation
Chapter V:
Finding
summary
conclusions
recommendations
Chapter I

Introduction
Putting letters and words together to form words, phrases and sentences is what Reading
is all about, but one must comprehend what is learned to fully understand a text one has to
interact with the text and add meaning to it. Astrid Roe (2014) state that ” Reading
Comprehension is to make meaning of what we read’
Reading Comprehension is also simply known as the kind of thinking process which
requires the readers to make interferences from the text. Without using thinking processes, the
readers may not attain any or all the information and may not fully understand the text (Fitriani
2015), In this sense reading comprehension involves process of extracting information from the
text and constructing comprehension through the interaction between the text and the readers
background knowledge.
Reading comprehension involves various factors such as Background knowledge,
Vocabulary and Fluency, Active reading skills and Critical thinking that must work together.
However, Reading plays a very crucial role in one’s a life as the benefits of the reading are
plenty. It helps an individual to grow. It widens our mind and imagination. It improves our
knowledge and also our selves. It discovers new things in help building good communication
skills.
Background of the study

Reading comprehension plays an important role in our lives. It opens up new knowledge
for individual and it also gives many benefits to us. Reading is the window of our world. It does
not only happen in educational field but also in our daily life. Comprehension is reading with
understanding it is the ability to read text and process its meaning. Although reading
comprehension is very important, but there still most of the people who are able to read but they
do not what they are reading about. Reading process requires continuous practices, development
and refinement. Without the solid foundation of reading skills the researcher feels the students
will struggle hard throughout their schooling and adult life.
Input Process Output
Demographic of the
Respondents:
-age
-gender
Factors of Reading Mini Seminar

Data gathering procedure
Comprehension to through interview
students in terms of:
Figure 1.1: The Input-Process- Output will be used in this study:

-Mother’s educational
According to Eusebio (2014) it is viewed as series of boxes connected by input and
attainment and
output. It Students
will provide the general structure and guide for the direction of the study.

The arrows represent the direct connection between the frames. The left frame, which is
the input show the profile of respondents like age, gender. It also covers factors affecting the
reading comprehension of students in terms of mother’s educational attainment and students
attitude toward reading. The middle frame represent the gathering data through the use of survey
questionnaires. While the right frame which is the output displays the factors affecting the
reading comprehension .
Statement of the Problem
The main problem of this study is to determine the Factors Affecting the Reading
Comprehension of Grade 11 students of AMA Computer College San Fernando Pampanga.
Specially, to answer the following questions:
The researchers will search for the possible factors of the reading comprehension of Grade
11 students in AMA and then will eventually create some recommendations to help the school
to determined what are the factors affects the reading comprehension of students.
1. How can students improve their reading comprehension?
2. What are the factors affecting the reading comprehension of students?
Objectives of the study
This study aims to determine the Factors Affecting the Reading Comprehension of Grade
11 students of AMA Computer College San Fernando Pampanga. The following objectives were
used in this study; students attitudes towards reading: mothers, educational attainment .

.All the factors that mentioned can all be contributing factor that would affect the learner’s
reading comprehension.
Hypothesis
The research hypothesis for this study is that student who has reading difficulties can
affect their performance task in school. And also can have a problem with their daily interaction
and building a good communication skills
Scope
Out of grade 11 students of AMA Computer College San Fernando Pampanga, 15
students were use as a sample in Conducting the survey.
This study limits its coverage on the Grade11 students only. And to identify the Factors
Affecting the Reading Comprehension and also to find the possible solution regarding this
problem.
Delimitation
The study will conduct at AMA Computer College San Fernando Pampanga Researcher
randomly selected the 15 Respondents were in the Researchers will give the survey
questionnaires for them to gather data to this study.
Significance of the Study
The findings of this study will redound to the benefits of the Students, Teachers School
and also to the Future Researcher, considering that Reading plays an important role in our lives.

Students
The findings of this study can help the students to know the importance of proper reading
and will develop students and learning that can help to empower the school to promote
intelligence. Practicing and learning good reading is not only used in school but also in their
daily living and everyday interaction.
Teachers
The findings of this study will help the teachers on how they can teach and guide their
students in terms of Proper Reading. This study can support nor supply the teachers a lot of ideas
and strategies based on the gathered information that this study have.
Future Researchers
The results of this study may help the future researchers to have a reference in their
research which can be related to this study.
Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter represent related literature and studies that were the basic foundation of this
research.
Foreign Literature

In the educational domain, Reading is one of the most common and often compulsory
activities that students have to do all the time, all around the world. They are required to read
many kinds of text for various types of purpose dealing with their assignment and other
academic demands. Yukselir (2014) consider that reading is one the most beneficial, fundamental
and central skills for students to master in order to learn new information, to gain access to
alternative explanation and interpretation and to start synthesis of critical evaluation skills.
Hung and Ngan (2015) have also said that reading is basic skill that cam improve
student’s Vocabulary. Fluency, Speaking & Writing and finally can help to master their target
language. Therefore, it is a no-brainer to state that having good skills is essential for successful
students
Local Literature
According to Salehi, Lari and Razaneja (2014)the most important reader variable that
affect reading comprehension is gender. Males and Females have different perspective about
reading. This difference, is also evident in reading comprehension. The males are more analytic
compare to females (Salehi: et. Al, 2014) Males are much engaged in many extra
curricularactivities that lessen their time to practice reading. On the other hand, females are less
active and have ample time to read and make it as a habit. Although both males and females use
the same strategies, but females apply them more qualitatively. In addition, gender difference can
affect reading motivation.
Males and Females can have different outlook towards reading. The more the person is
persistent that have end goal, the more he or she is likely to be successful in reading. A person

who has positive view towards reading will find reading enjoyable and can see progress in this
reading performance (Salehiet, Al. 2014)
Foreign Studies
Many EFL students still struggling to overcome their reading comprehension problem
.Davoudi andYousefi (2015) have listed a number of EFL learner’s reading difficulties and
problem such as deficits in vocabulary knowledge and background knowledge, problems with
grammatical knowledge and also poor reading strategies which is in fact very important to
reduce the difficulties (Sammad, Sannah, Fitriani, 2017)
Reading comprehension problems have been popular issue in EFL teaching-learning
setting for a long time. Numerous studies have shown that most EFL students often have
difficulties in Comprehending English text. Chen and Chen (2015) has said about 52% of adults
with L2 reading comprehension had difficulties in learning foreign language. In this sense, there
are number of reading problems which may be encounter by EFL students. First, they have to
work hard to comprehend it. Second, studies mentioned several common problems in the EFL
classroom such as insufficient vocabulary, poor reading skills, problem understanding linguistic
complexity including lexical and syntactic knowledge (Fitriani 2014).
Local Studies
Comprehension is the prime goal reading and comprehension failures can lead to school
failures. Despite the Philippines supposedlyhigh literacy rate 88.6%, many Filipinos can barely
read and write (Juan Miguel Cruz, Selangan 2015). He noted;

This is true especially of those living areas as well as the slum areas of country. Someone
once remarked that, We are not a nation of readers; We are a nation of storytellers. Our is a
culture of oral history passed on by word of mouth not through the written word. According to
the result 2015, Function Literacy, Education and Mass Media survey (FLMMS) Almost all
Filipino 10 years old and above were basically literate it means they can barely read and write
and out of 10 Filipinos 10-64 years of age were functionally literate. While in the 2003 result
about one of the population 10-64 years old cannot read and write basically illiterate. With low-
level literacy comes poor reading.

CHAPTER III
This chapter contains the methods and techniques, process, and instrument. This chapter
will provide on what to do in this research.
Method and techniques:
This study utilized the qualitative descriptive method of research. It is descriptive since it is
concerned in determining the different factors that affects the low percentage of STEM
Enrollees. Qualitative descriptive method involves a straight forward descriptive summary of the
data content, that requires being organized and logical.
Process:
The researchers created a questionnaire that consists of the different questions that will
help the researchers to identify the different factors that affects the reading comprehension of
Grade 11 students of AMA.
Questionnaire will be validated by the research adviser and by the school s Principal of AMA
Computer College Pampanga.
The questionnaires will be released answered by the chosen respondents (using random
sampling) of the researchers.
Instrument

Researcher-developed survey-questionnaires that have the content been validated by the
research adviser in Senior High School. Content validation is a method of validating the test
instrument with the help of critiques, who have authorities in their own discipline.
The Instrument was divided into two parts. Part I or the first part was consist of the Personal
Profile of the respondents.The second Part was modified to address and identify the different
factors that affects the reading comprehension of Grade 11 Students in AMA.
The target population for this research includes some Grade 11 students, since they were
the one who is capable to answer the given questionnaires. In this study, the accessible
population is comprised of selected students from the 7 sections from Grade 11 in AMA
Computer College Pampanga.
Questionnaire:
Direction: Answer the following question honestly.

We, the Grade 11 HUMMS students of AMA Computer College Pampanga, are currently
conducting our research which is a requirement for our Practical Research 1 subject. Our study
entitled “Factors Affecting the Reading Comprehension of Grade 11 students”.
Your assistance in completing the following questions is greatly appreciated.
Name: _____________________________________ Grade & Section: ________________
Age: _____________ Gender: ____________________
1. Mother’s Educational Attainment

______________________________________________________________________
2. What do you think about the necessity of reading to your everyday life?
______________________________________________________________________
3. How much do you like reading?

______________________________________________________________________
4. What are the things that disturb you from understanding what you read?
______________________________________________________________________
5. What are the things that disturb you from understanding what you read?
CHAPTER IV
This chapter will provide the results, findings , and analyzing so that it will answer the
main problem of this study.
In this study the research want to determined what are the factors affecting the reading
comprehension of Grade 11 students in AMA.
Base on the results and finding that the reseacher gather from the given questioners this are the
following results:

Mother Educational Attainment ( if their mother have a problem about their educational
attainment it would be difficult to teach their child in proper reading, learning and understanding)
8 out of 15 students answered that their mother education attainment are graduated in
high school. 5 out of 15 answered that their mother education attainment are finished college
degree and lastly 2 out of 15 answered that their mother education attainment are under
graduate in high school.
Base on there answered it is very important for a student that they have the guidance
of their parents to enhance their reading comprehension so that they can also reach out with
their classmates in reading.
What do you think about the necessity of Reading to your everyday life? (to know how essential
reading to them and how can it help in their daily living)
Reading is very essential and continues process to gain knowledge. Base on there
answered some of them said that reading is important through communication we learned
alot. Some of them said through reading it can improve our speaking skill specially in
English or other languages that we are using in our daily lives. And others said that reading
helps them alot to understand what going on in our surrounding.
Base on there answered the necessity of reading in everyday lives is very important inorder
to gain new knowledge and enhance our reading comprehension.
How much do you like reading? (having interests in reading can help students to learn more and
can improve their understanding)

6 out of 15 student's answered that they like reading specially in English and Tagalog
language because of the learning that they aquired through reading. 5 out of 15 said that they
slightly like reading because they preferred watching instead of reading. And others 4 out of 15
said that they don't like reading.
Base on there answered we should always give importance in reading because through
reading we can communicate with others and we can also exchange thoughts and ideas.
What are the things that disturb you from understanding what you read? (things that can disturb
them is also one of the reason why they can’t understand what they reading about)
13 out of 15 said that the things that disturb them to understand what they are reading is the
different noisy barrier that they encountered when they are reading. And 2 out of 15 students said that
because of the online games that are very popular nowadays are the reason that disturb them in reading
and the some statement that they cant understand specially the jargon words.
Base on there answered one one the main causes that can disturb the students in reading are the
different kind of noisy barrier that they can encountered when they are reading. And it can also
contribute the popular online games nowadays.
What language of materials are you fond of reading? (language barrier can also be a factor that
would affect learner’s understanding
7 out of 15 said that the laguage that they used in reading are English and Tagalog, because
they want to enhance their reading comprehension and to learn new things such as vocabulary
words, proper grammar, and pronoucing of words. And 8 out of 15 they preferred to used only

the Tagalog language instead of English because they believe that they can easily understand
what they read in Tagalog.
Base on there answered English and Tagalog are essential language that can use of a student
in reading so that they can easily understand what they need to understands for.
Chapter V
This chapter contains the summary, findings, conclusion, and recommendation about the
dfferent Factor Affecting the Reading Comprehension of Grade 11 Students of AMA.
Findings:
The findings of this study showed that mother should motivate their children to read different
materials, recognize their learners’ comprehension difficulties, and have positive opinions about
their reading activities to easily understand the different texts. Mother should provide
information about the weaknesses of their learners to develop a good reading comprehension
skill.And also the choice of language that they used in reading inorder to improve their reading
comprehension skill.
Summary

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relative importance of reading
comprehension and reading strategies of the Grease 11 students of AMA. And help the students
to know how importance the reading is. And what learning materials that they need to use to
develop their reading comprehension and in this study it can also help to empower the school to
promote intelligence. Practicing and learning good reading is not only used in school but also in
their daily living and everyday interaction. With the help of the given questioners that are
answered properly and the data that the research gather inorder to solve the given problems of
what the studets facing about reading comprehension.
Conclusion:
There are factors that can influence them to get a deep understanding about what they read.
These learners should be involved in the reading process through the use of various strategies.
All of the factors that indicate in the given questioners and strategies work together to make the
meaning processes easily and effectively. Eventually, it is recommended that commended that
effective teaching strategies and other activities may be devised by the parents specially Mother
and Teacher to improve the level of reading comprehension of a students.
Recommendation:
This are the recommendation that can help the students to improve their reading comprehension.
*Students tend to read more often when they are encouraged by parents or siblings and when
they see their close friends in school read.
*To encourage students to read on the course topics in advance, they can be asked to read
different kinds of reading material like novels, short stories, newspaper and etc. son that it can
help the students to enhance their reading skill.
* Students can also use technology like social media in the improvement of their reading
comprehension.
*Teachers can also help the students to improve their reading skill they should teach their
learners on how to use reading comprehension strategies appropriately and effectively. They
have the responsibility of teaching reading comprehension strategies to their learners either
separately or in combination. They should teach their learners to recognize and apply the text’s
organizational structures to understand, learn, and remember content. They can guide their
learners by high-quality discussion on the meaning of texts. They can choose appropriate texts to
support comprehension development in learners. They should teach reading comprehension skill
with many types of texts. In addition, they can choose texts with word recognition and
comprehension difficulty that are suitable for the learners’ reading ability and the educational
tasks, and finally they can help their learners find the goals and advantages of reading
comprehension.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Researchers would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude and
appreciation to our family who supported and encouraged us, as we embarked on this phase of
our education. All of the challenges we encountered this period of the research were alleviated
by their support in helping us to pursue and finish all of these. A special thanks to Jeslie Lapuz
who helped and spent numerous of time in guiding us throughout the research.
Thank you to our mentor Sir. Jorren P. Manalo for his patience in checking our papers, for
his effort in supporting all our decisions and for his guidance as we create this research. We
appreciate all of the efforts you gave to us.

We would also like to express our gratitude to the school administrators, teachers,
classmates, and friends who contributed their time and assistance in so many ways and to our
dearest adviser Mrs. Marielle Basilio for supporting and helping us in everything we need to
finish this research.Lastly we want to thank god for the guidance, for helping us in our everyday
problem and for pushing us to work harder and to not give up until the end of this research.
DEDICATION
Our parents were the one who want us to finish our studies for us to have a
good life thats why they ensured that we can able to finish our studies. They
supported and encouraged us in our different performance and projects
through their actions and sacrifices. We dedicate this efforts and the
accomplishment to our parents who supported and gave us unconditional
love and unending understanding for all the late nights they spent waiting for
us to go home and for all the money they gave us every day.


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Factors Affecting the Reading Comprehension of Grade 11 Students

AMA Computer College Pampanga

Senior High School

Factors affecting the Reading Comprehension Grade 11 students:

Cabasa, Joy Kylene

Pangilinan, Ciari Mae

AMA Computer College Senior HighPage 1

Garma, Mary Ann

Titco, Patricia Andrei

Pring, Paula Nicole

AMA Computer College Senior HighPage 2

is hereby recommended for final examination.

Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research I by the Examination Committee.

AMA Computer College Senior HighPage 3

Background of the study

Statement of the Problem

Objectives of the Study

Significance of the study

Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature and Studies

AMA Computer College Senior HighPage 4

Methods and Techniques of the study

AMA Computer College Senior HighPage 5

Comprehension is to make meaning of what we read’

Reading comprehension involves various factors such as Background knowledge,

Background of the study

AMA Computer College Senior HighPage 6

will struggle hard throughout their schooling and adult life.

Input Process Output

Factors of Reading Mini Seminar

students in terms of:

Figure 1.1: The Input-Process- Output will be used in this study:

AMA Computer College Senior HighPage 7

reading comprehension of students in terms of mother’s educational attainment and students

Statement of the Problem

Comprehension of Grade 11 students of AMA Computer College San Fernando Pampanga.

Specially, to answer the following questions:

1. How can students improve their reading comprehension?

2. What are the factors affecting the reading comprehension of students?

Objectives of the study

AMA Computer College Senior HighPage 8

and building a good communication skills

Out of grade 11 students of AMA Computer College San Fernando Pampanga, 15

students were use as a sample in Conducting the survey.

questionnaires for them to gather data to this study.

Significance of the Study

AMA Computer College Senior HighPage 9

daily living and everyday interaction.

research which can be related to this study.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

AMA Computer College Senior HighPage 10

affect reading motivation.

AMA Computer College Senior HighPage 11

reading performance (Salehiet, Al. 2014)

reduce the difficulties (Sammad, Sannah, Fitriani, 2017)

Reading comprehension problems have been popular issue in EFL teaching-learning

complexity including lexical and syntactic knowledge (Fitriani 2014).

read and write (Juan Miguel Cruz, Selangan 2015). He noted;

AMA Computer College Senior HighPage 12

level literacy comes poor reading.

AMA Computer College Senior HighPage 13

will provide on what to do in this research.

Method and techniques:

Name: _____________________ Grade & Section:

Age: _ Gender: ________