Vocabulary PDF

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ENGLISH FOR 2012
Football
When athletes come together from around the world to compete in the
Olympic and Paralympic Games, they are fulfilling their dreams and competing
at the highest level. Billions of people across the globe join in; watching,
listening to and reading about the greatest global celebration of sport.
To celebrate the London 2012 Games, the British Council is making a wide
range of classroom resources available for learners of English worldwide.
Everyone knows football, don’t they? It is a very popular sport but not many
know that football has a long Olympic history too. The rules of Olympic football
are almost exactly the same but there are some differences. What are they?
Find out more about the history of the sport and learn or revise some football Save
vocabulary and useful language.
Goalkeeper
Red card / Yellow card
Header
Throw-in
Referee
Pitch
To find out more visit www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish © British Council 2011 Brand and Design/B122
1. Vocabulary
a. Write the correct words in the spaces provided.
b. Red card /
a. Header c. Throw-in d. Pitch
yellow card
e. Goalkeeper f. Save g. Referee
2
3
7
2. The rules of football
· Two teams of 11 players play on a pitch. Each team tries to score more goals
than the other.
· A game lasts 90 minutes, divided into two 45-minute halves.
· Players can use any part of their body except their arms and hands to move the
ball. The exception is when a player takes a throw-in.
· Goalkeepers can use their hands, especially when making a save.
· If a player commits a foul, then a free kick is awarded to the other team.
· If there is a foul inside the penalty area, a penalty kick is awarded to the other
team.
· If there is a more serious foul such as a bad tackle or handball, the referee can
show a yellow or red card. Two yellow cards or one red card mean a player is
expelled from the game.
· If teams have the same score (a draw) then extra time and penalty shootouts are
used to decide the winner.
· In Olympic football male players must be under 23 years old, though they can
have three older players in each team. There are no age restrictions for female
players.
a. Match the words in the table with their definitions below.
a. foul b. free kick c. goalkeeper d. handball e. pitch
f. referee g. save h. score i. tackle j. throw-in
1. An attempt to take the ball from a player in the other team

2. An opportunity to kick the ball without opposition from the other team
3. Get a goal
4. Something against the rules
5. Stop the ball from going into the goal
6. The act of throwing the ball from the sideline after the ball has gone out of play
7. The area of grass where the game is played
8. The person who is in charge of the game and who makes sure that the rules are
followed
9. The player who stands in the team's goal to try to stop the other team from scoring
10. When a player intentionally touches the ball with their hand or arm
3. Questions & Answers
Theres football at the Olympics? You dont hear much about it. I mean, its not like
the World Cup, is it?
Youre right the World Cup is definitely the biggest prize in football, but the sport has a
long Olympic history, too.
Youre not going to tell me the ancient Greeks played, are you?
No, but football has been on the Olympic programme since 1900. And womens football
since 1996. In comparison, the first World Cup only took place in 1930.
Ok, but I suppose the same teams always win: Brazil, Italy, Germany
Actually no. Italys won once and Germany (the old German Democratic Republic) once
also, but Brazil has never won.
Really? So whos won all the medals?
Hungary, the former Yugoslavia and the former Soviet Union have each won five medals
in the mens competition and the USA women three golds.
Whos playing in London in 2012?
Some of the best players in the world.
Only some? They arent all coming?
Since 1992 male footballers have to be under 23 years old, though they can have three
older players in each team. But you still get to see some real stars in Beijing 2008
Messi and Ronaldinho both played.
And I can see them all in London?
No. Football is the only sport where events will take place outside England. Games will
be played in Glasgow and Cardiff, as well as Manchester, Newcastle, Coventry, and of
course London..
So fans might have to go to Scotland or Wales? Thats a lot of travelling.
Not compared to the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles. Then, some games were played in
Boston, more than 3,000 kilometres away!
Wow! You seem to know a lot about it can I ask you just one more question?
Sure, what is it?
Can you explain the off-side rule?
Um not unless youve got all day
Glossary
The World Cup: an international football competition held every four years and organised by the
Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA).
Off-side rule: a law in football which states that a player cannot be actively involved in the play if
he is closer to the opponent's goal line than both the ball and the second-to-last defender when
the ball is touched or played by a teammate.
a. Decide if the following statements about the text are true or false.
True False
1. The World Cup is a more important football competition than the
Olympics.
2. Football was played at the ancient Olympics.
3. European teams have won more medals than other countries in

the mens competition.
4. Messi and Ronaldinho will both be playing at the London
Olympics.
5. It is further from London to Glasgow or Cardiff than it is from Los
Angeles to Boston.
6. The off-side rule is complicated.
b. Complete each question by following the instructions below.
Complete each sentence with a word/words from the table. In some cases more than
one answer is correct.
and as well but
in comparison then though
Both Mary (..1..) Tina are coming to the party.
I really like football, (..2..) I hate basketball.
Ive visited many countries in Europe, (..3..) Ive never been to Asia.
Take the first street on the left, and (..4..) go straight ahead for 300 metres.
The weather has been terrible this summer. (..5..), last summer was beautiful.
They sell pizzas and pasta, and hamburgers and fish and chips (..6..).
ENGLISH FOR THE GAMES
Basketball
range of classroom resources available for learners of English worldwide. Dribbling
What do you know about basketball? Do you like this sport? Why / why not?
Is basketball a popular sport in your country? Do you know where basketball
is most popular? Do you know any famous basketball players?
Backboard
Shoot
Hoop
Basket
Defence
Basketball court
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1. Vocabulary
a. dribbling b. hoop c. basket d. defence

g. basketball
e. backboard f. shoot h.
court
4
3
7
2. The rules of Basketball
· Basketball is played on a court with a basket at each end which is made up of a

metal hoop with a net hanging from it.
· The aim is to throw the ball through the basket of the other team and stop the
other team from doing the same to you.
· When a player throws the ball toward the basket, it is called a shot. A shot can
score between one and three points.
· Each team has five players on the court.
· Players cannot carry the ball across the court. Instead, they have to pass and
dribble the ball towards the basket.
· If a player stops dribbling the ball and continues moving, he/she commits a
violation called travelling.
· If the ball hits the backboard but does not enter the basket, the opposite team will
try to rebound.
· If a player is too aggressive, the referee may call a foul. The opposite team gets a
free throw.
· The game ends when time is up. The winner is the team with the most points.
· In the event of a draw, teams play extra time to decide the winner.
a. backboard b. draw c. dribble d. foul
e. free throw f. rebound g. travelling
1. A shot, worth one point, awarded to a player who has been fouled
2. A situation in which each team in a game has the same number of points
3. A violation by a player with the ball who moves both feet without dribbling
4. A violation of the rules
5. Control the basketball by bouncing it against the floor with your hand
6. Grab the ball in the air after a player has missed a shot
7. The rectangular board behind the basket
Why is it called Basketball? There arent any real baskets, are there?
True, but when the game was invented there were real baskets. People started by using
peach baskets but it was too difficult to get the ball back so they changed.
Any other fruity connections?

The ball is orange! After the 1950s, anyway. Before that it was brown.
And when was the game invented?

In 1891, by a Canadian who was living in the US. Does that make it a Canadian or
American invention?
Not sure. But that cant be the first time anybody played a basketball sort of sport,
can it?
Youre right! A similar game was played for thousands of years in North and Central
America. Many Mayan pyramids have courts for it. You wouldnt want to lose one of
those games. In some cases, the losing team members were ritually sacrificed!
Ouch! So ... fast forward to modern basketball. When did it become an Olympic
sport?
It was first played at the 1936 Olympics. Womens basketball came later, in 1976.
How long is a basketball game?

It depends on how exciting the game is! Ha! Seriously, an Olympic basketball game has
four 10-minute quarters.
Do people only play basketball in the US?

Well, some of the best players in the world play there. But there are great basketball
teams all over the world! Spain, Russia, Yugoslavia, Serbia and Greece (to name a few)
have all won medals in recent world championships.
Dont I have to be really tall to play basketball?

To play? No. You dont have to be really tall. But plenty of basketball players are. The
tallest professional player in the world is 2.36 m tall! The shortest is 1.70 m. But both are
successful, so if you love basketball, go for it!
Glossary
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a. Decide if the following statements about the text are true or false.
True False
1. Real baskets were originally used in basketball.
2. Basketballs are made from oranges.
3. Basketball is a North American invention.
4. The Mayans would always kill losing team members.
5. An Olympic basketball game lasts for 40 minutes.
6. Shorter people can be good basketball players.
b. Arrange the following events from the text into chronological order.
1. Mens Olympic basketball began.

2. Modern basketball was invented.
3. Orange balls started to be used.
4. The Mayans played a game like basketball.
5. Womens Olympic basketball began.
c. Complete the following questions using question tags from the table.
didn't wasn't are won't doesn't can
1. There arent any real baskets, (....) there?

2. The game was invented in 1891, (....) it?
3. That cant be the first time, (....) it?
4. Basketball became an Olympic sport in 1936, (....) it?
5. A basketball game lasts for 40 minutes, (....) it?
6. Men and women will be playing basketball at London 2012, (....) they?
Tennis
When athletes come together from around the world to compete in the Serve
Games similar to tennis have been played since the 11th century. Modern tennis was
first developed in 19th century in England. It was on the Olympic programme at the
1896 games in Athens, but after that was not included between 1928 and 1988.
At London 2012 there will be five events: men’s and women’s singles and doubles,
as well as mixed doubles. Have you ever played tennis or been to a tournament?
Tennis ball
Tennis racket
Backhand
Forehand
Tennis court
Umpire
1. Vocabulary
a. Serve b. Tennis ball c. Tennis racket d. Tennis court
e. Backhand f. Umpire g. Forehand
1 3
2
5 6
7
2. The rules of Tennis
· Tennis is played on a court, 23 metres long and 11 metres wide.

· There is a net in the middle of the court. Players stand at both ends of the court
· Players use a racket to hit a ball. The ball must go over the net and land inside the
court.
· To start, one player hits or serves the ball. The other player tries to hit the ball
back (or returns the serve).
· When players hit the ball to each other, this is a rally. The rally continues until a
player misses the ball, hits it into the net, or out of the court.
· The aim of the game is to hit the ball so that the other player misses it.
· A match consists of games and sets.
· The same player serves throughout one game, then the other player serves in the
next game.
· A set is a group of games. Usually the first person to win six games wins the set.
· The winner of the match is the first to win either two or three sets.
· Tennis has individual (or singles) and team (or doubles) events for men and
women, and mixed doubles.
a. a set b. a rally c. singles d. a racket
g. to return the
e. to serve f. mixed doubles
serve
1. A player does this to start a rally.

2. This part of a tennis match has six or more games.
3. In this kind of tennis match, men and women play together.
4. This is what a player must do after his (her) opponent serves the ball.
5. This piece of equipment has strings and a handle, and is used to hit the ball.
6. This part of a tennis game starts with a serve, and ends when a player fails to hit the
ball back.
7. In this kind of tennis match, a man plays against a man. or a woman plays against a
woman.
Tennis? Thats not an Olympic sport, surely?
Yes it is. Why shouldnt it be?
Well, Im not sure it just doesnt seem like an Olympic sport. Its a ball game.
Yes, it is, but the Olympics isnt just running and jumping around, you know. In fact,
about one quarter of the summer Olympic sports are ball games.
Oh. And has tennis always been played at the Olympics?

It was played until 1924, and was then removed from the programme until 1988. But its
been played in every Games since then.
So, there was no tennis at the Olympics between those years?
Well, not quite. It was played as a demonstration sport in the Mexico City Olympic Games
of 1968, and in Los Angeles in 1984.
Why does tennis have such a strange system for scoring: 15, 30 and 40 points?
Why not just 1, 2 and 3 points?
Nobody knows for sure. One theory is that a clock face was used to show the score. The
hand was moved to the 15-minute position for the first point, and the 30-minute position
for the second point.
Well then, why do players go from 30 to 40 points? Shouldnt it be 45?
Perhaps 45 took too long to say, so it was abbreviated to 40.
Im not convinced. Anyway, why do they say 15 - love, rather than 15 - zero, or
15 - nil?
Well, heres one theory. It comes from the French loeuf, or the egg, because the
shape of the 0 looked like an egg.
Oh come on. Youre not serious are you?
Absolutely! And get this - scientific research has shown that top players are actually less
likely to win matches once they are married!
Really? Do we know why?
Perhaps because in tennis, love means nothing!
a. What does the text tell us? Choose Yes or No.
1. The proportion of Olympic sports that use a ball. a. Yes

b. No
2. The names of the other Olympic sports. a. Yes
b. No
3. Reasons why tennis was removed from the Olympics after 1924. a. Yes
b. No
4. The year when tennis reappeared as an Olympic sport. a. Yes
b. No
5. Possible reasons for the odd scoring system in tennis. a. Yes
b. No
6. A possible explanation of the word love in tennis scoring. a. Yes
b. No
7. The names of the scientists who investigated tennis and marriage. a. Yes
b. No
8. A joke about tennis. a. Yes
b. No
b. Complete the text with a preposition: for , for, like, from, from, than.
Tennis doesnt seem to some people 1_______________ an Olympic sport. After

featuring in the first seven Olympics, tennis was removed 2_______________ the list
of official sports. Nobody can say 3_______________ sure why tennis has such an
odd system 4_______________ scoring (15, 30 and 40 points). It is also unclear why
players start with love, rather 5_______________ nil, like in other sports. It may be
that this comes 6_______________ loeuf, which means the egg in French.
Table tennis
Olympic and Paralympic Games, they are fulfilling their dreams and competing Pimpled
at the highest level. Billions of people across the globe join in; watching, Smooth
range of classroom resources available for learners of English worldwide. Covering
Table tennis started out in England in the 19th century as an after-dinner game.
Nowadays it is a hightech sport with more than 40 million competitive players,
making it the most popular sport in the world. Since it became part of the
Olympic programme, China has dominated, winning all but four of the gold medals. RaFNet
Have you ever played table tennis? Have you ever played it in a competition?
Player
Backspin Sidespin Topspin
Court
Referee Assistant
Table
1. Vocabulary
a. Player b. Racket c. Backspin
d. Sidespin e. Referee f. Pimpled
g. Assistant h. Smooth i. Covering
j. Table k. Court l. Topspin
7
1 2 3 4 6
10 11 8
9
12
2. The rules of Table Tennis
· Table tennis is played on a rectangular table. There is a low net across the middle
of the table which divides it into two courts.
· Players stand at each end of the table.
· When the game is between two players, its called singles. If there are four players,
its called doubles.
· The players hit a small, light ball to each other. They hit the ball with rackets made
of wood covered with rubber. The rackets can be any shape, weight or size, but
they must be made of wood and rubber.
· To start the game, one player hits or serves the ball. The other player tries to hit
the ball back (or returns the serve).
· The ball must go over the net and land on the opposite court.
· When players hit the ball to each other, its called a rally. The rally continues until a
player misses the ball, hits it into the net, or off the table.
· The aim of the game is to hit the ball so that the other player misses it.
· Singles matches are played over the best of seven games. The first player to reach
11 points wins each game provided there is a margin of two points.
· Team matches are played to the best of five games.
a. Doubles b. Net c. Racket d. Rally
e. Serve f. Singles g. Table
1. A continuous exchange of hits between players.

2. Games played between two players.
3. Games played between four players.
4. The area where the game is played.
5. The rectangular piece of material made from string which separates the two
courts. In table tennis it is 15.25 centimetres high.
6. To hit the ball to the other player as a way of starting the game.
7. What the players use to hit the ball.
Table Tennis? Why play tennis on your table? Tables are for eating dinner!
Well, at first, people did both. Table tennis began as an after-dinner game in England in
the 1870s.
Aha! So what did people use for a net?

At first they stood a row of books across the middle of the table.
And the racket and ball?

One story says that they used books to hit a golf ball from one end of the table to the
other.
That cant have been good for the table - or the china.
True - I think they cleared the table before they started the game.
Any other stories about how Table Tennis began?

Yes, another story says they used cigar boxes as rackets and champagne corks as balls.
So it was an upper-class game for drinkers and smokers?

Thats how it started. But now its the most popular game in the world.
Really! How did that happen?

Well, they began making wooden rackets in 1901 and they introduced the celluloid ball.
Then they added a rubber surface to the racket - that meant you could spin the ball, so
the game became more interesting.
And you didnt need to open the champagne each time you wanted to play?
Correct.
Is table tennis the same as Ping Pong?

Yes - it also used to be called Wiff Waff and Flim Flam - because of the sound the ball
makes as you hit it.
So when did it become an international sport?

The first World Championships were in London in 1926. Then it was included in the 1988
Olympics. Since then, China has won 20 of the 24 possible gold medals. In the 2008
Games, the Chinese beat every other player in the Games - they wiped the floor with
them!
Or could you say they cleared the table?

a. Which phrase does each of the numbers refer to?
1. What was the other name for Table a. Pong Pong

Tennis? b. Ping Ping
c. Pong Ping
d. Ping Pong
2. What was used as a ball? a. a champagne bottle
b. a champagne cork
c. a cigar box
d. a cigar
3. When was Table Tennis first played? a. the 1780s
b. the 1980s
c. the 1890s
d. the 1870s
4. What time of day was it first played? a. during dinner
b. before dinner
c. anytime
d. after dinner
5. Table Tennis became popular when: a. wooden rackets were made
b. champagne became cheaper
c. it became an international sport
d. it was too rainy to play tennis outside
6. Table Tennis became an Olympic a. 1926
sport in: b. 1988
c. 1901
d. 2008
b. Write the correct word into the sentence.
a. won b. used c. began d. included
e. wiped f. became g. stood h. meant
1. Table tennis __________ as an after-dinner game.

2. They __________ a row of books across the middle of the table.
3. They __________ cigar boxes as rackets.
4. A rubber surface __________ you could spin the ball.
5. The game __________ more interesting.
6. Table tennis was __________ in the 1988 Olympics.
7. China has __________ 20 of the 24 possible gold medals.
8. In the 2008 Games, the Chinese __________ the floor with their opponents.
Badminton
What do you know about badminton? Have you ever seen it played?
Do you like this sport? Why / why not? Is badminton a popular sport in
your country? Can you name any famous badminton players?
Racket
Shuttle
Forecourt
Net Sideline
Serviceline
Baseline Badminton court

1. Vocabulary
a. shuttle b. racket c. side line d. baseline
e. badminton
f. service line g. net h. forecourt
court
4
3
5
6
8
2. The rules of Badminton
· Badminton is a game for two or four people. Players use ‘rackets’ and they have
to hit a ‘shuttle’ over a high net.
· Badminton is played on a small court, usually indoors and there are lines on the
court to show different playing areas.
· The shuttle, or shuttlecock, looks a bit like a strange ice-cream cone and it’s
made from cork, goatskin and feathers. That doesn’t mean that badminton is a
slow game. It’s actually really fast.
· To try to win a point, players ‘smash’ the shuttle by jumping up and hitting it really
hard over the net. They dive and run around the small court trying to stop the
shuttle from hitting the floor and trying to hit it back over the net. It’s exhausting
to play and exciting to watch.
· Each of the players takes turn to serve the shuttle and the first player or team to
get twenty-one points is the winner provided they win by two points or more.
Otherwise they play until a player or team scores two more points than their
opponent or until one of them reaches 30 points.
a. Match the words in the table with their definitions.
a. court b. dive c. exciting d. exhausting e. net

f. racket g. serve h. shuttle(cock) i. smash
1. a powerful downward hit

2. a rectangular piece of material made from string which is used to separate the two
sides of the court
3. a small light object that the players hit over the net
4. hit the ball to the other player as a way of starting play
5. make a movement down onto the ground
6. making you feel extremely tired
7. making you feel very happy and enthusiastic
8. the area in which the game is played
9. the instrument used by players to hit the shuttlecock
Badminton? That’s like tennis, only ‘soft’, isn’t it?

Well, it’s like Tennis in some ways, but it’s certainly not ‘soft’! The fastest badminton
stroke was more than 330 km/h compared to 250 km/h in tennis!
Wow! But tennis players have to be much fitter, don’t they?

Not really. One study showed that although badminton players compete for half the time
that tennis players do, they run twice as far and hit nearly twice as many shots.
Really? Is it easy to play? It looks easy.

To start to play Badminton is quite easy but to get very good requires a lot of skill,
practice and speed.
OK. You said it’s like tennis in some ways, what do you mean?
It doesn’t use a ball but a shuttlecock, which is made of goose or duck feathers, cork
and leather. The rackets are also very light.
So it’s like tennis without a ball then?

Not really, the court is smaller and the net is higher than in tennis.
I see, so there are lots of differences. And where does the name come from?
It comes from a place in the UK called ‘Badminton House’. A rich duke was famous for
playing the sport there. People called it ‘the Badminton game’ but now we just call it
badminton.
Ah, so it’s only played by rich people then?

Not at all! There are 130 badminton associations around the world, with more
than 14 million members – I’m sure they’re not all rich!
No. So which country is the best at Badminton?

China has won eight gold medals since the game first became an Olympic sport in 1992.
Anything else?
Yes, the best shuttlecocks are made from only the left wing of a goose.
Goodness! Why’s that?

Enough questions for today!
You don’t know, do you?

Hmm …
a. Choose the correct answer to each question below.
1. The person asking the questions thinks that badminton is a more a. True
physical sport than tennis. b. False
2. Badminton is faster than tennis. a. True

b. False
3. Badminton games don’t last as long as tennis games. a. True

b. False
4. The name Badminton comes from a place where it was played. a. True
b. True
5. Originally Badminton was only played by rich people but not any a. True
more. b. False
6. The person answering the questions knows why the best shuttlecocks a. True
are made from only the left wing of a goose. b. False
b.
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fastest half the time higher smaller twice as far
1. The maximum speed of a badminton stroke is more than 330 km/h.

The (…..1…..) badminton stroke is more than 330 km/h.
2. John ran 25 km and Bill ran 50 km.

Bill ran (…..2…..) as John.
3. John ran for two hours and Bill ran for four hours.
John ran for (…..3…..) that Bill ran.
4. A badminton court measures about 82 square metres and a tennis court measures
about 260 square metres.
A badminton court is (…..4…..) than a tennis court.
5. A badminton net is 1.5 metres tall and a tennis net is 0.9 metres tall.
A badminton net is (…..5…..) than a tennis net.
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Red card / Yellow card

a. Write the correct words in the spaces provided.

e. Goalkeeper f. Save g. Referee

a. Match the words in the table with their definitions below.

a. foul b. free kick c. goalkeeper d. handball e. pitch

f. referee g. save h. score i. tackle j. throw-in

1. An attempt to take the ball from a player in the other team

2. Football was played at the ancient Olympics.

3. European teams have won more medals than other countries in

b. Complete each question by following the instructions below.

and as well but

in comparison then though

Both Mary ( ..1 ..) Tina are coming to the party.

I really like football, ( ..2 ..) I hate basketball.

a. Write the correct words in the spaces provided.

a. dribbling b. hoop c. basket d. defence

· Basketball is played on a court with a basket at each end which is made up of a

· Each team has five players on the court.

a. Match the words in the table with their definitions below.

a. backboard b. draw c. dribble d. foul

e. free throw f. rebound g. travelling

Any other fruity connections?

And when was the game invented?

How long is a basketball game?

Do people only play basketball in the US?

Dont I have to be really tall to play basketball?

1. Real baskets were originally used in basketball.

2. Basketballs are made from oranges.

3. Basketball is a North American invention.

4. The Mayans would always kill losing team members.

5. An Olympic basketball game lasts for 40 minutes.

6. Shorter people can be good basketball players.

1. Mens Olympic basketball began.

didn't wasn't are won't doesn't can

1. There arent any real baskets, ( .. ..) there?

a. Write the correct words in the spaces provided.

a. Serve b. Tennis ball c. Tennis racket d. Tennis court

e. Backhand f. Umpire g. Forehand

· Tennis is played on a court, 23 metres long and 11 metres wide.

a. Match the words in the table with their definitions below.

a. a set b. a rally c. singles d. a racket

1. A player does this to start a rally.

Oh. And has tennis always been played at the Olympics?

1. The proportion of Olympic sports that use a ball. a. Yes

Tennis doesnt seem to some people 1_______________ an Olympic sport. After

Backspin Sidespin Topspin

a. Write the correct words in the spaces provided.

a. Player b. Racket c. Backspin

d. Sidespin e. Referee f. Pimpled

g. Assistant h. Smooth i. Covering

j. Table k. Court l. Topspin

a. Match the words in the table with their definitions below.

a. Doubles b. Net c. Racket d. Rally

Both Mary (..1..) Tina are coming to the party.

I really like football, (..2..) I hate basketball.

Dont I have to be really tall to play basketball?

1. Mens Olympic basketball began.

1. There arent any real baskets, (....) there?

Tennis doesnt seem to some people 1_______________ an Olympic sport. After