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Immunity
innate
Acquired
Cellular proteins:
A. Phagocytosis: engulfment and digestion of bacteria and other foreign particles
by phagocytosis. It consists of four phases
first phase: Approach of the phagocyte to the microbe by means of positive
chemotaxis.(movement of a cell in response to the stimulus of gradient of
chemical concentration)
second phase: Absorption of the micro-organism on the surface of the
phagocyte
third phase : submergence of the microbe in to the cytoplasm of the phagocyte.
fourth phase : Intracellular digestion of the engulfed microbes by the
phagocytes. Eg: phagocytes – a) microphages ( eg. Polymorpho nuclear
leucocytes). b) Macrophages ( eg: histiocytes, fixed reticuloendothelial cells,
monocytes
B. Inflammation: It is the immediate defensive reaction of tissue to any injury
caused by infection. Blood vessels near the site of injury are dilated so that
blood flow is locally increased. White blood cells enter the tissue and begin to
engulf bacteria and other foreign particles.
C. Fever: It is a natural defense mechanism. It may actually destroy the infecting
organism. Fever stimulates the production of interferon and helps in recovery
from virus infection. The substances which may cause fever are endotoxins
and interleukin-1. Endotoxin- A poison released by bacterium when it broken
down or it dies. Interleukin-I – The substance produced by leucocytes, Its
production is initiated by antigens, toxins, and inflammatory activity.
Acquired Immunity