What is NanoTechnology??

Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and

supramolecular scale. ... It is therefore common to see the plural form "nanotechnologies" as
well as "nanoscale technologies" to refer to the broad range of research and applications
whose common trait is size.

Nanotechnology is a part of science and technology about the control of matter on the atomic
and molecular scale - this means things that are about 100 nanometres
across. Nanotechnology includes making products that use parts this small, such as electronic
devices, catalysts, sensors, etc.

'nanotechnology' refers to the projected ability to construct items from the bottom up,
usingtechniques and tools being developed today to makecomplete, high performance
products.The word 'nanotechnology' defined for building machines onthe scale of molecules, a
few nanometers wide motors,robot arms, and even whole computers, far smaller than acell.

FUTURE ASPECTS
W hen nanotechnology will be in its mature form it is sure it will have its impact upon almost
every industries land almost every area of society from communication to medicine,
fromagriculture to transportation and also in smarter living at home also.
And because of these implications only nanotechnology is also called as general purpose
technology.

As a general-purpose technology, it will have multiple uses,not only in commercial field as well
as in defence field toothat will include making of far more powerful and better weapons and
equipments for infantry, air force and navy.Nanotechnology is about building machines at the
molecular level. Machines so small they can travel through our blood stream.

Nanotechnology will allow making high-quality products at avery low cost, and also allow
making new nanofactories at the same low cost and at a very rapid speed.
Nanotechnology offers not just better products, but a vastly improved meansof
production for e.g. as many copies of data files as we want can be taken out from your
computer at a very or no cost.

W ith time, manufacture of products will become as cheap asthe copying of files. So this is what
nanotechnology is, and soit is often seen as the next industrial revolution. Nanoscalematerials
are used in electronic, magnetic and optoelectronic,biomedical, pharmaceutical,
cosmetic, energy, catalytic and materials applications.

Impact of NanoTechnology in the Society

The societal impacts of new technologies are easy to identify but hard to measure or predict.
Nanotechnology will have significant social impacts in the areas of military applications,
intellectual property issues, as well as having an effect on labor and the balance between
citizens and governments.

Example:
Military applications
The advancement of nanotechnology might contribute to terrorism, as it can exacerbate existing
trends towards asymmetric warfare. If the military forces of the industrialized world become
more difficult to attack and defeat due to nanotechnology, this may force those involved in the
war with them to adopt new strategies, including sabotage and attacks on civilian and other
targets. The enhancement of military application in nanotechnology may thus indirectly increase
the occurrence of terrorist attacks in the future.

Intellectual property issues

The patent attorney must establish uniqueness and obviousness in the process of
nanotechnology patent application. A patent examiner may state that a nanostructured product
lacks novelty because the relevant nanostructure material was present in an existing product,
even though the nanostructure material was not recognized.
Effect on employment
The nanotechnology impact on labor is in its use of particular factors of production. During the
improvement of nanotechnology, firms are likely to have high demands for the scientists,
engineers, and technicians who have to build and integrate the new ideas into processes and
products. In addition, there is a need for supporting labor services, which creates career
opportunities.

The balance between the citizens and governments

The nanotechnology can be expected to concentrate political power in the hands of
governments. Nanotechnology can be expected to be applied to further miniaturize and
advance surveillance technologies such as cameras, listening devices, tracking devices, and
face and pattern recognition systems.

7 Nanotechnology Examples that Already Exist

Molecular 3D Printers
With this molecular 3D printer you could create a rare chemical, even medicines, in hours. This
allows researchers to rapidly make and test entire families of related molecules; this could speed up
medical and industrial chemical research like never before. This machine is an honest-to-goodness
breakthrough, and the creators envision a world where ordinary citizens have chemical synthesis
machines just like this one in their homes. Imagine that instead of getting your medicine from a
pharmacy, the doctor sends plans for medicines tailored specifically for your condition, history, and
genes!
Solar Power
The invention of the photovoltaic cell was a major breakthrough in the drive to get clean electricity
from sunlight, but the technology has always been too inefficient to actually replace coal or nuclear
power. Instead, you were more likely to find them powering things like pocket calculators and space
vehicles. Thanks to nanotechnology, that’s all changing. A new nano-material, created by a team at
the University of California at San Diego back in 2014, makes it possible to convert 90% of captured
sunlight into heat. Once you have heat, you can make steam to drive electrical turbines.
The process proposed here actually transfers the heat to molten salt, which is then used to create
steam. By storing the molten salt overnight you can keep making power even when the sun is down.
That’s something photovoltaics can’t do without big expensive buffer batteries. This nano-material is
like the “black hole of sunlight”, letting very little of it escape. If it can be scaled up to industrial size,
that could mean a big step towards breaking our dependence on non-renewable energy sources.
Tiny Switches
Computer technology boils down to something known as binary code. If you have any sort of system
that can present two states standing in for the values “1” and “0”, you can build a computer device
with it. CDs and DVDs, for example, have optical pits and lands that represent binary code. Flash
memory such as in your phone or USB drive use tiny, micro-scoping switches that flip back and forth
to represent ones and zeroes.
Despite being absolutely tiny, these switches are still huge in terms of nanoscale technology. Not to
be outdone by the tiny electronics that already exist, a team of researchers at the University of
Glasgow created molecular-scale switches. To give you an idea of how small these switches are, if
you had a square inch of them you could store 500,000 GB of data. Yes, that’s “five hundred
thousand gigabytes”. This technology was created in 2008, but still hasn’t become feasible for the
mainstream. Still, it’s an impressive feat and a glimpse of what’s yet to come.
The Atomic Engine
No, no – I don’t mean an engine that runs on atomic power. I mean an engine on the atomic scale.
The engine in question is known as a “heat engine”, which is any device that takes heat energy and
converts it into mechanical motion. Heat engines are obviously common and we have many
examples at large scale, but having the ability to provide mechanical power at the atomic level is a
phenomenal achievement.
The Graphene Engine
Sticking with the theme of engines, this one may be a little closer to a practical component that could
be used in nanomachines of the future. Using a special configuration of carbon, called “graphene”,
that is only one nanometer thick, a team of scientists created a nanoscale device that works a bit like
a two-stroke engine.
Mechanically, the device is very simple. It doesn’t look like a full-scale engine, of course. Unlike a
full-scale internal combustion engine, it has very little exhaust matter. The sheet of graphene is
combined with chlorine fluoride molecules and then a laser is fired in rapid pulses. The spot where
the laser hits rapidly blisters and cools, acting like a piston. This means one could use laser light to
provide a nanoscale power source that could operate on a molecular level. Once you have a reliable
source of power you can build all sorts of things, which makes this invention very promising!
The Nanorotor
Rotors are an essential part of all sorts of mechanical designs. Everything from your hair dryer to a
jet airplane needs rotors to work. Scientists have been able to create nanoscale rotors from a single
molecule. While that’s pretty incredible by itself, this rotor also experiences no friction at all as it
spins. That may seem like a violation of Newtonian physics, but it turns out that at the nanoscale, air
does not interact with the rotor in the same way it does on human scale.
Nano rotors could be used to power all sorts of nanoscale devices. Imagine, for example, that the
flow of blood through your veins could provide power to implanted devices or nanobots themselves.
Nano Rockets
Yes, a tiny rocket might not seem all that useful at first, but when you think about the distances that
nanobots will have to cover it makes sense to have a locomotion method that’s fast. Not only have
researchers made working nano rockets, but they have actually created remote-controlled versions.
That is pretty amazing!