Beechcraft King Air Wikipedia

Beechcraft King Air - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Beechcraft_King_Air
Beechcraft King Air

The Beechcraft King Air family is part of a line of American
King Air
utility aircraft produced by Beechcraft. The King Air line
comprises a number of twin-turboprop models that have been
divided into two families. The Model 90 and 100 series
developed in the 1960s are known as King Airs, while the later
T-tail Model 200 and 300 series were originally marketed as
Super King Airs, with the name "Super" being dropped by
Beechcraft in 1996 (although it is still often used to differentiate
the 200 and 300 series King Airs from their smaller
stablemates).
The King Air was the first aircraft in its class and has been in
continuous production since 1964. It has outsold all of its
C90 King Air in Japanese military service
turboprop competitors combined. It now faces competition
Role Civil utility aircraft
from jet aircraft such as the Embraer Phenom 100, Honda
HA-420 HondaJet and Cessna Citation Mustang; as well as Manufacturer Beechcraft
from newer turboprop aircraft including the Piaggio P180 First flight May 1963
Avanti, and single-engine Piper Malibu Meridian, Pilatus PC-12, Introduction September 9, 1964
and Socata TBM.
Status Active service
Primary users United States Army
United States Navy
Contents Japan Maritime Self-Defense
Development Force
Model 90 series Philippine Navy
Model 100 series Produced 1964–present
Military King Air versions
Japan Number built 3,100+
United States Unit cost US$3.775 million (C90GTi,
Air Force One 2018)[1]
Modification and upgrade programs Developed from Beechcraft Queen Air
Operators
Variants Beechcraft Super King Air
Variants
Beechcraft designations
Military designations
Other information
Specifications
See also
References
Notes
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Beechcraft King Air - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechcraft_King_Air
Bibliography
External links
Development
Model 90 series
The Model 90 King Air was conceived as the Model 120 in 1961. In May
1963, Beechcraft began test flights of the proof-of-concept Model 87, a
modified Queen Air with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-6 engines. On July
14, Beech announced a new type, and a month later began accepting orders
for the "King Air", with deliveries to commence in Autumn 1964.[2] On
January 24, 1964, the first definitive prototype, by now designated Model
An E90 King Air taxis at the Mojave
65-90 and also fitted with PT6A-6 engines, flew for the first time. After 10 Spaceport
months of test flying, in 1964 the Model 87 was delivered to the United
States Army as the NU-8F. The first production aircraft was delivered on
October 8, and by the end of the month, 152 aircraft had been ordered;[3] by
year's end, seven had been built.[4]
In 1966, after 112 65-90s were completed,[4] production switched to the

Model 65-A90 with PT6A-20 engines. As a measure of the type's
popularity, 206 65-A90s were built in less than two years when production
switched to the Model B90, the first of these rolling off the production line
in 1968.[4] Military versions built during these years included the 65-
A90-1, 65-A90-2, 65-A90-3, and 65-A90-4, all being unpressurised
A King Air C90 at Centennial Airport
models based on the Model 87. These were produced for the US Army which
designated them U-21s of various sub-models; many were fitted out for
electronic battlefield surveillance. A total of 162 of these were built between
1967 and 1971.[5]
A total of 184 B90 models were produced before the Model C90 was
introduced in 1971,[4] with wingspan increased over earlier models by 4 ft
11 in (1.50 m) to 50 ft 3 in (15.32 m), Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW)
increased by 350 lb (160 kg) to 9,650 lb (4,378 kg), and PT6A-20A engines.
The broadly similar Model E90 was introduced the following year, with
A T-tail F90 of the Guatemalan Air
PT6A-28 engines; the two were produced in parallel. Further refinement of
Force
the 90 series resulted in the Model F90 and follow-on Model F90-1. The
F-models featured the T-tail of the Model 200 King Air mated to the
fuselage and wings of the E90, with PT6A-135 engines of 750 shp (560 kW) driving four-bladed propellers. The F90
prototype flew on January 16, 1978 and 203 production versions followed between 1979 and 1983, when the F90 was
superseded by the F90-1.[4] The F90 prototype was re-engined with Garrett AiResearch TPE-331 engines to test the
feasibility of a Model G90, but this model was not put into production.
The Model C90-1 entered production in 1982 after 507 C90s and 347 E90s had been built,[4] and featured PT6A-21
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engines and improvements to the pressurization system. 54 were built.[4][6] The following year the F90-1 was put into
production with redesigned engine cowlings, upgraded PT6A-135A engines, hydraulic landing gear, and triple-fed
electrical bus; only 33 were built by the time production terminated in 1985.[4] The C90-1 was soon followed by the
Model C90A, which featured the redesigned engine cowlings of the F90-1. The C90A received an increase in MTOW
in 1987, being certified to 10,100 lb (4,580 kg). The C90A model was in production until 1992, by which time 235 had
been built, all but 74 with the increased MTOW.
Only two C90As were built in 1992, the Model C90B followed that year with airframe improvements, four-bladed
propellers, and propeller synchrophasing,[7] all in an effort to reduce cabin noise. This model also had PT6A-21s; the
first production C90B was fitted with the 10,000th PT6 engine delivered to Beechcraft. In 1994 a cheaper version was
introduced as the C90SE (Special Edition), with three-bladed propellers, standardised interior and mechanical
instruments instead of the Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) fitted to the C90B.[8] A total of 456 C90Bs and
C90SEs were delivered by the time production of these models ended in late 2005.[4]
In July 2005, during the Oshkosh Airshow, Beechcraft introduced the C90GT. The C90GT was fitted with 750 shp
(560 kW) PT6A-135As, flat rated to the same 550 shp (410 kW) as the earlier King Airs. This engine change increased
performance due to lower operating temperatures, improving both cruise speed and climb rate. With a 275 kt
(509 km/h, 316 mph) cruise speed, the C90GT was highly competitive with the new generation of Very Light Jets over
short to medium distances, while providing a larger and more luxurious cabin. C90GT deliveries commenced at the
beginning of 2006.[4] On May 21, 2007, during the 7th Annual European Business Aviation Convention &
Exhibition in Geneva, Beechcraft announced the Model C90GTi updated version of the C90GT,[9] featuring the
Rockwell Collins Proline 21 avionics package previously only offered for the B200 and B300 King Airs. Deliveries
commenced in 2008 after 97 C90GTs were delilvered to customers over the previous two years.[4]
Model 100 series

The Model 100 is a stretched derivative of the Model 90 featuring five
cabin windows instead of the Model 90's three; MTOW increased by
1,300 lb (590 kg) over the 90, to 10,600 lb (4,810 kg). The 100 used the
wings, tail, and engines (two PT6A-28 engines, although rated at 680
shp)[10] from the Model 99 airliner, itself a development of the Queen Air
(as was the Model 90).
The Model 100 was flown for the first time on March 17, 1969 and unveiled
to the public in May. A total of 89 Model 100s were built before it was
A Model B100 King Air with Garrett
superseded by the Model A100 in 1972, with a further increase in MTOW
engines
to 11,500 lb (5,220 kg), fuel capacity increased by 94 US gallons (360 L),
and four-bladed propellers.[11] A total of 157 A100s were built by the time
production of this model ceased in 1979. The next in the series was the B100, which featured 715 shp (533 kW) Garrett
AiResearch TPE-331 engines as an alternative to the Pratt & Whitneys offered on other King Airs, and another increase
in MTOW to 11,800 lb (5,350 kg). The B100 was introduced in 1976 and was produced concurrently with the A100 for
several years; manufacture ceased in 1983 after 137 were built. The Model 200 Super King Air was developed from the
Model 100, with the same fuselage design (with some differences, mainly associated with the different tails) being used
for both models. The Model 200 had different wings and a T-tail and entered service in 1974.
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Military King Air versions
Japan
The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) has operated a total of 40
C90 and C90A King Airs, with deliveries beginning in 1973. These have been
given various designations by the JMSDF and consist of 34 TC-90 trainers,
five LC-90 transports and a single UC-90 which is configured for
photographic aerial survey. The TC-90s and the UC-90 comprise the 202nd Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
Naval Air Training Squadron (JMSDF) based at Tokushima Air Base, while TC-90
the LC-90s are attached to various Lockheed P-3 Kokutai (Squadrons) and a
Air Transport Squadron 61[12] as liaison aircraft. In late 2005 the JMSDF
marked 500,000 accident-free flying hours of the TC-90 trainer fleet. Philippine maintenance staff will also be
trained.[13]
The JMSDF made plans to lease at least five TC-90 aircraft to the Philippines to conduct maritime patrols.[14][15][16][17]
Two aircraft were transferred free of charge in March 2017.[18] From November 2016 to November 2017 six Philippine
Navy pilots were be trained to fly the aircraft at Tokushima Airport. Maintenance staff are also being trained.[19][20][21]
There are plans to transfer three more aircraft.[18]
United States
The U.S. military has used King Air 90s in various roles, primarily VIP and
liaison transport, with designations including the VC-6A, the T-44
Pegasus, and the U-21 Ute. The U-21 Ute used by the US Army was the
most common version.
Most U-21s were unpressurized Model 87 derivatives, but there were also
five U-21Fs based on the A100 King Air; and three U-21Js, which Beechcraft
designated Model A100-1, but were actually the first three production
Model 200 Super King Airs (C/Ns BB-3, BB-4 and BB-5, after
US Navy T-44A Pegasus
prototypes C/N BB-1 and BB-2 had been built). The majority of U-21s were
delivered as U-21As (102 65-A90-1s), but there were also four RU-21As (65-
A90-1s), three RU-21Bs (65-A90-2s), two RU-21Cs (65-A90-3s), 18
RU-21Ds (65-A90-1s), 16 RU-21Es (65-A90-4s), and 17 RU-21Gs (65-
A90-1s). The RU-21Es (except one written off) were later converted to
U-21Hs and RU-21Hs, with two U-21Hs and an RU-21H being further
converted to JU-21Hs.[22] In 1993, the three surviving RU-21As that
remained in military service were retired and sent to JW Duff Aircraft
Salvage in Denver Colorado. On November 14, 2015, one of aircraft,
(67-18113) was donated by Dynamic Aviation to the 138th Aviation
Company Memorial to restore the aircraft to be displayed at Orlando
A US Army U-21 Ute
International Airport.[23] The majority of the U-21 series were retired in the
second half of the 1990s and most are now owned by Dynamic Aviation of
Bridgewater, Virginia. Some have been modified as spraying aircraft and are used on insect control work.[24][25]
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The T-44A Pegasus is a trainer version, designated the Model H90 by Beechcraft, used to train United States Navy,
Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and Air Force pilots to fly multi-engine aircraft. A total of 61 were delivered to the US Navy
between 1977 and 1980. In August 2006, the Navy announced that after 29 years of operation, the T-44A fleet would be
upgraded with modernized avionics systems, and redesignated T-44Cs.[26]
Two VC-6A aircraft were operated by the US military. One was a Model 65-A90 operated by the US Army and serialled
66-15361,[27] the other a B90 operated by the United States Air Force.
Air Force One

During the administration of President Lyndon Johnson, the United States
Air Force acquired a Model B90 King Air "off-the-shelf". With the military
designation VC-6A, the aircraft, serialled 66-7943, was used to transport
President Johnson between Bergstrom Air Force Base (near Austin, Texas)
and the Johnson family ranch near Johnson City, Texas. When Johnson was
aboard, the aircraft used the callsign Air Force One. This aircraft is now on
display, with other presidential aircraft, at the National Museum of the
United States Air Force at Wright Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton,
Ohio.[28] VC-6A used as Air Force One
Modification and upgrade programs

A number of aftermarket modifications and upgrades are available for 90
and 100 Series King Airs.[29] An engine upgrade involves earlier-build 90
Series aircraft being re-engined with the PT6A-135A engines of the C90GT.
[30][31] A more radical re-engining program involves the replacement of the
PT6s in C90 and E90 King Airs with TPE-331s.
Among the numerous airframe modifications available: a cargo conversion

for the 90 model, the CargoLiner, which replaces the rear door with a large
pallet accessible cargo door, a heavy duty floor structure and cabin cargo
A B100 King Air modified with five-
liner, also a crew hatch for cockpit access for the crew in the 90, 100, and
bladed propellers
200;[32] a Wing Front Spar Reinforcement Kit for both 90 and 100 Series
aircraft,;[29] a modification for the entire King Air line that entails
reworking and extending the nose[33] to house a baggage compartment as
well as the avionics normally found in the noses of King Air aircraft.
Modifications available for the King Air 100 include a belly cargo pod
similar to those fitted to the Beech 99 and the Model 1300 version of the
King Air 200 series.[34]
Operators
A King Air 90 with the full
In addition to its use by military and government users, the King Air is also CargoLiner Conversion
used by many non-governmental organizations, as well as by corporate and
private users. This includes commercial use by air-taxi and air charter
companies.[35]
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The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia previously operated a large number of 90 Series King Airs, but retired the
last example in 2006, standardizing on the King Air 200 Series and the Pilatus PC-12 for its fleet requirements.
Variants
A total of more than 3,100 King Air 90 and 100 series aircraft have been
delivered as of August 2008:[36]
Beechcraft designations
Model 87
"Proof-of-concept" test aircraft based on the Model A80
with PT6A-6 turboprops; one built.[37] Cockpit of a T-44C Pegasus
Model 65-90
Based on the Model 88 with two PT6A-6 turboprops and
a 9000lb Take Off Gross Weight (TOGW); 112 built.[37]
Model 65-A90
Model 90 with TOGW increased to 9300lb, two 550shp PT6A-20 engines, redesigned
flightdeck and a new engine de-ice system, 206 built.[37]
Model 65-A90-1
Based on the Model 87, unpressurised with square windows and 550shp PT6A-20 engine,
141 built and delivered to the US Army with the designation U-21A.[37]
Model 65-A90-2
Specialised electronic warfare variant of the A90-1 with five seats, three built as U-21Bs (later
RU-21B).[37]
Model 65-A90-3
Variant of the A90-2 with improved electronic equipment, two-built for the US Army with the
designation RU-21C.[37]
Model 65-A90-4
Project Guardrail variant of the A90-2, strengthened airframes and higher gross weight, 16
built for the US Army.[37]
Model B90
based on the A90 with a 9650 TOGW, improved ailerons and increased wing span, improved
instrumentation and pressurisation and an extra side window, 184 built.[37]
Model C90
Based on the B90 but using the Model 100 cabin environment and pressurisation system,
550shp PT6A-21 engines, 507 built.[37]
Model C90-1
Improved C90 with an E90 tailplane and improved power output, increased maximum cabin
pressure differential,[8] 54 built in 1982 and 1983.[4]
Model C90A
Improved C90-1 improved landing gear retraction, improved electrical system and using
F90-1 pressurisation and heating system, 235 built between 1984 and 1992. Two Pratt &
Whitney PT6A-21 reverse-flow, free-turbine turboprop engines; 550 shp each.[38]
C90B and C90SE
Marketing names for updated versions of C90A produced between 1992 and 2005, 456
built[39] B-model has Maximum Take-off Weight of 10 100 lb (4585 kg), quieter Hartzell four-
blade, constant-speed, full-reversing 90-in diameter propellers and dynamic (passively
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Model C90GT
Version with PT6A-135A engines, 750 shp flat rated to 550 shp, for better climb and cruise
performance, 97 built.[4][40]
Model C90GTi
Variant of C90GT with "glass cockpit" Collins Proline 21 avionics suite; at least 90 built[4][41]
Model C90GTx
Marketing name for version of C90GTi introduced in 2010 with winglets added as factory-
standard, Maximum Take-off Weight increased to 10 485 lb (4756 kg) for better full-fuel
payload flexibility.[42]
Model D90
Not built, one prototype abandoned.[37]
Model E90
C90 with 680shp PT6A-28 engines and 10100lb TOGW, first flown in 1972, 347 built.[37]
Model F90
C90 with T-tail and Model 200 wings, two 750shp PT6A-135 engines with four-bladed
propellers, 196 built.[37]
Model F90-1
F90 with PT6A-135A engines, 32 built.[37]
Model G90
F90 prototype re-engined with Garrett TPE-331s in place of the Pratt & Whitney PT6s
originally fitted.[37]
Model H90
C90 modified for as a pilot trainer for the United States Navy with 750shp PT6A-34B engines,
61 built.[37]
Model 100
B90 with a 50-inch fuselage stretch, larger vertical tail, two 680shp PT6A-28 engines, first
flown in 1969, 89 built.[37]
Model A100
Model 100 with additional fuel capacity, four-bladed propellers and two extra side windows,
157 built.[37]
Model A100-1
Designation for procurement reasons of three Model 200 battlefield surveillance variants for
the United States Army as the RU-21J.[37]
Model A100A
A100 with PT6A-28A engines and 11800lb TOGW.[37]
Model A100C
A100A with 750shp PT6A-36 engines.[37]
Model B100
A100A with two 715shp Garrett TPE-331 engines instead of Pratt & Whitney PT6s fitted to
previous models; 137 built.[37]
Model C100
B100 with 750shp PT6A-135 engines.[37]
Nextant G90XT
remanufactured by Nextant Aerospace with GE H75 engines, Garmin G1000 cockpit and a
new cabin.
Military designations
YU-21
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Modification of L-23 Seminole with PT6A-6 tuboprops. One converted.[43]

U-21A Ute
Utility aircraft for US Army, with fuselage of Queen Air 65-80 and wings of King Air 65-90,
powered by 550 hp (410 kW) PT6A-20s. Beechcraft Model 65-A90-1. 141 built.[43][44]
EU-21A
Conversion of at least five U-21As as radio relay aircraft for use over Vietnam. Later re-
converted to U-21A standard.[45]
JU-21A
Conversion of three U-21As with Left Jab Signals intelligence (SIGINT) system. One of
the system aircraft, (67-18065) with callsign "Vanguard 216" was shot down by a
Surface to Air Missile near the DMZ on March 4, 1971. All 5 crew members were
declared KIA Bodies Not Recovered. Two later re-converted to U-21A standard.[45]
RU-21A
Conversion of four U-21As to carry Direction finding equipment as part of Cefirm
Leader program, to work with RU-21B and RU-21C aircraft.[46]
RU-21B
Signals intercept aircraft as part of Cefirm Leader program. Powered by 620 hp (462 kW)
PT6A-29s and with modified undercarriage. Beechcraft Model 65-A90-2. Three built.[47]
RU-21C
Similar to RU-21B, but carrying jamming equipment as part of Cefirm Leader. Beechcraft
model 65-A90-3. Two built.[47]
RU-21D
SIGINT aircraft system known as "Laffing Eagle" "V-Scan", deployed to Vietnam, after the war
many were converted to Guardrail RU-21H models, and others having their electronic
equipment removed to become U-21D utility aircraft. Beechcraft Model 65-A90-1. 18 built.[48]
RU-21E
ELINT version with Guardrail II, IIA or IV systems. Beechcraft Model 65-A90-5. 16 built.[49]
U-21F
Five King Air A100s used by US Army as transport/utility aircraft.[50]
U-21G Ute
U-21A with modified cockpit, mainly used as utility aircraft, 17 conversions.[50]
RU-21G
Three U-21Gs fitted with Guardrail I ELINT system.[50]
RU-21H
Conversion of 21 RU-21D, E and F aircraft to carry Guardrail V ELINT system. Higher gross
weight.[51]
U-21H Ute
Modification of 23 RU-21E and G aircraft replaced in the ELINT role by later aircraft to utility
aircraft.[51]
JU-21H
Two former RU-21Es converted as test aircraft.[51]
VC-6A
Two B90 King Airs, powered by 550 shp (410 kW) PT6A-20s. One used as transport by US
Army, and one by USAF as VIP transport for President Lyndon B. Johnson.[52]
T-44A Pegasus
Model H90 as a Multi-engine training aircraft for US Navy, based on King Air B90, 61 built.[52]
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T-44A upgraded with the Rockwell Collins Pro Line 21 series avionics suite. 25 upgraded.[53]
Other information
The ICAO designator, such as might be used in a PIREP or a flight plan, for the various King Airs are BE9T (F90 and
F90-1), BE9L (all other model 90s), and BE10 (model 100). With the exception of the F90 and F90-1, all 90 Series King
Airs have been produced under the same Type Certificate (Number 3A20) used for Queen Air production.[54] All 100
Series King Airs were produced under the same Type Certificate (Number A14CE) used for Model 99 production.[55]
Specifications
King Air C90GTi[54][56] B100[57]
Crew 1–2
Passengers 7 max 13 max
Length 35 ft 6 in / 10.82 m 39 ft 11 in / 12.17 m
Span 50 ft 3 in / 15.32 m 45 ft 11 in / 14.0 m
Height 14 ft 3 in / 4.34 m 15 ft 5 in / 4.7 m
Area 294 ft² / 27 m² 279.7 ft² / 26.0 m²
Empty Weight 6,950 lb / 3,150 kg 7,092 lb / 3,212 kg
MTOW 10,100 lb / 4,580 kg 11,800 lb / 5,352 kg
Powerplant 2xPT6A-135A 2xTPE-331-6-251B or -252
Power 550/ 410 kW 715 shp / 533 kW[a]
Propellers Hartzell HC-E4N-3N 4-bladed
Cruise TAS 226 kn / 416 km/h
Max TAS 270 kn / 500 km/h 265 kn / 491 km/h
Stall IAS (flaps down) 78 kn / 145 km/h
Range 1,321 nmi / 2,446 km 1,325 nmi / 2,455 km
Fuel consumption 2.08 lb/nmi (0.51 g/m)[b]
Ceiling 30,000ft / 9,144 m 24,850 ft / 7,574 m
Climb rate 2,000 ft/min / 10.2 m/s 2,140 ft/min / 10.87 m/s
Wing loading 34.3 lb/ft² / 170 kg/m² 42.2 lb/ft² / 205.84 kg/m²
Power/weight 0.099 hp/lb / 179 W/kg 0.121 hp/lb / 199.17 W/kg
a. flat rated, 840 shp thermo.

b. 532 lb/hr at 256 KTAS (FL 220)[58]
See also
Related development
9 of 13 20/03/2019, 10:58
Beechcraft Queen Air

Beechcraft Super King Air
Beechcraft Model 99
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
Cessna 425
Cessna 441
Mitsubishi MU-2
Piaggio P.180 Avanti
Piper PA-31T Cheyenne
Embraer EMB 121 Xingu
Swearingen Merlin
References
Notes
1. "Purchase Planning Handbook" (http://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/datasheets/gated
/BCA_201805.pdf) (PDF). Business & Commercial Aviation. Aviation Week Network. May 2018.
2. "Beech King Air timeline." (http://www.wingsoverkansas.com/legacy/article.asp?id=346) Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20101203013943/http://wingsoverkansas.com/legacy/article.asp?id=346) December
3, 2010, at the Wayback Machine wingsoverkansas.com. Retrieved: June 11, 2011.
3. Green, William. "Beech 65-90 King Air", The Observer's Book of Aircraft, 1965 Edition. Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.,
London. No ISBN, Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 57-4425.
4. "Hawker Beechcraft aircraft Serial Number Lists 1945-2008. (http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/service_support
/pubs/docs/nontechnical/serializationList.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090411082140/http:
//www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/service_support/pubs/docs/nontechnical/serializationList.pdf) April 11, 2009, at the
Wayback Machine Hawker Beechcraft. Retrieved: June 11, 2011.
5. Jackson 2004, pp. 531–532.
6. Simpson 1991, p. 47.
7. A system fitted to many twin-engined propeller-driven aircraft, it matches propeller revolutions-per-minute and also
"phases" the position of the blades of each propeller relative to the other, so the cabin noise is more even.
8. New Zealand Civil Aviation Authority Beechcraft C90A Type Acceptance Report (http://www.caa.govt.nz/aircraft
/Type_Acceptance_Reps/Beech_C90A.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20081014225649/http:
//www.caa.govt.nz/aircraft/Type_Acceptance_Reps/Beech_C90A.pdf) October 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
retrieved December 9, 2008.
9. "C90GT." (http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/include/content_view.aspx?id=7896) Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20090823111659/http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/include
/content_view.aspx?id=7896) August 23, 2009, at the Wayback Machine Hawker Beechcraft Press Release.
Retrieved: June 11, 2011.
10. Beech King Air 100 Pilot's Operating Manual. Raytheon Aircraft Company. July 1, 1969. p. 1-1.
11. "King Air A100". AOPA Pilot: T-2. June 2014.
12. "Japan Maritime Defense Force Order of Battle." (http://www.scramble.nl/jp.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org
/web/20070403015922/http://www.scramble.nl/jp.htm) April 3, 2007, at the Wayback Machine scarmble.nl.
10 of 13 20/03/2019, 10:58
13. "TC-90." (http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/include/content_view.aspx?id=3243) Archived (https://web.archive.org

/web/20090825230609/http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/include/content_view.aspx?id=3243) August 25, 2009, at
the Wayback Machine Hawker Beechcraft Press Release. Retrieved: June 11, 2011.
14. Japan to supply Philippines with military equipment February 28, 2016 (http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016
/02/28/national/japan-to-supply-philippines-with-military-equipment/) Japan Times Retrieved March 2, 2017
15. Philippines to lease planes from Japan to patrol disputed sea March 9, 2016 (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-
southchinasea-philippines-idUSKCN0WB0TL) Reuters Retrieved March 2, 2017
16. Dancel, Raul Japan leasing 5 military aircraft to Philippines May 4, 2016 (http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-
asia/japan-leasing-5-military-aircraft-to-philippines) Straits Times Retrieved February 2, 2017
17. Laude, Jaime Japan to lease 5 surveillance aircraft to Philippines October 26, 2016 (http://www.philstar.com
/headlines/2016/10/26/1637480/japan-lease-5-surveillance-aircraft-philippines) Philippine Star Retrieved March 2,
2017
18. "村川海上幕僚⻑、フィリピン公式訪問で無償譲渡したTC-90を視察" (https://flyteam.jp/airline/japan-maritime-self-
defense-force/news/article/87485). flyteam.jp. November 30, 2017. Retrieved December 1, 2017. (in Japanese)
19. Japan to train Philippine naval pilots to fly TC-90 aircraft under lease deal November 22, 2016
(http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/11/22/national/japan-train-philippine-naval-pilots-fly-tc-90-aircraft-lease-
deal/) Japan Times Retrieved March 2, 2017
20. Philippine Navy: First Japanese Aircraft TC-90 To Arrive In The Philippines In 2017 December 13, 2016
(http://www.ibtimes.ph/philippine-navy-first-japanese-aircraft-tc-90-arrive-philippines-2017-5310) International
Business Times Retrieved March 2, 2017
21. Thompson, Paul Bulletin Board (http://www.j-hangarspace.jp/bulletin-board) J-HangarSpace Retrieved March 2,
2017
22. Baugher, Joe. "USAF FY1970 Serial Number list." (http://www.joebaugher.com/1970.html) USAF Aircraft.
23. Information derived from LAASdata online. Retrieved: 11 June 2011. (http://www.138thavnco.org/RU21A-Memorial-
Project.html)
24. "Dynamic Aviation :: Company History" (http://www.dynamicaviation.com/index.php/about-us/company-history/).
dynamicaviation.com.
25. "LM- (the serial number prefix for A90-1 aircraft." (http://www.landings.com/evird.acgi$pass*96746814!_h-
www.landings.com/_landings/pages/search/search_nnr-serial.html) Landings.com. Retrieved: June 11, 2011.
26. Vendrasco, Stephanie. "Transforming the Pegasus." (http://pao.navair.navy.mil/press_releases
/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.view&Press_release_id=3557&site_id=23) Archived (https://web.archive.org
/web/20070312122648/http://pao.navair.navy.mil/press_releases/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.view&
Press_release_id=3557&site_id=23) March 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Navair.navy.mil. Retrieved: June
11, 2011.
27. Baugher, Joe. "USAF FY1966 Serial Number list." (http://www.joebaugher.com/1966.html) USAF Aircraft.
28. "Beech VC-6A" (http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/MuseumExhibits/FactSheets/Display/tabid/509/Article
/195809/beech-vc-6a.aspx). National Museum of the United States Air Force. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
29. "A non-comprehensive list of STCs available for King Air series aircraft>" (http://www.commuterair.com/stc.html)
Retrieved: June 11, 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20070402000446/http://www.commuterair.com
/stc.html) April 2, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
30. "Silverhawk Upgrade NEW for King Air 200 and Conquest." (http://www.silverhawk135.com) Silverhawk
Conversions. Retrieved: June 11, 2011.
31. Blackhawk Modifications Inc. Blackhawk XP page (http://www.blackhawk.aero/BlackhawkXP.htm) Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20071230050924/http://www.blackhawk.aero/BlackhawkXP.htm) December 30, 2007,
at the Wayback Machine Retrieved: June 11, 2011.
11 of 13 20/03/2019, 10:58
32. "Cargoliner." (https://web.archive.org/web/20081107223543/http://www.aerocrafters.net/) aerocrafters.net.

33. FAA STC No. SA00367SE (http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgSTC.nsf
/0/fdcd09c00de717d38625724b0076632a/$FILE/SA00367SE.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org
/web/20080227121918/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgSTC.nsf
/0/fdcd09c00de717d38625724b0076632a/%24FILE/SA00367SE.pdf) February 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
34. "King Air 100." (http://www.commuterair.com/ka100a.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20071030180832
/http://commuterair.com/ka100a.html) October 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Commuter Air Technology.
35. "Are Beechcraft King Air planes mainly used as business jets?" (http://www.nextantpacific.com/uses/). Nextant
Pacific. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
36. Unless otherwise noted, all information here is obtained from Production Lists in the book Beechcraft - Pursuit of
Perfection and the online Production Lists available at LAASdata.com (http://www.laasdata.com/turbos
/ctowctry.php) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20070913055522/http://www.laasdata.com/turbos
/ctowctry.php) September 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
37. Simpson 1991, pp. 47-49
38. Horne, Thomas A. "Turbine Pilot: King Air C90B - Staying Power." (http://www.aopa.org/pilot/features
/2003/feat0305.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110610112125/http://www.aopa.org/pilot/features
/2003/feat0305.html) June 10, 2011, at the Wayback Machine AOPA Pilot Magazine, May 2003, Volume 46 /
Number 5. Retrieved: August 19, 2010.
39. Due to disagreement between available online sources, it is impossible to determine the number of each sub-type
built.
40. McClellan, J. Mac. "Beechcraft C90GT." (http://www.flyingmag.com/pilot-reports/turboprops/beechcraft-c90gt)
Flying Magazine. Retrieved: August 19, 2010.
41. The last King Air C90GTi built as of December 2008 is shown in the available online sources (LAASdata King Air
90 list (http://www.laasdata.com/turbos/turbo-by-type.php?t=8) and various nations' online civil aircraft Registers)
as c/no. LJ-1946, however there are gaps for registered King Airs, with some above c/no. LJ-1900 not listed.
42. "King Air C90GTx Product Analysis." (http://www.hbcaviation.pl/images
/pdf/2009_HBC_King_Air_C90GTX_Report.pdf) Hawker-Beechcraft Corporation. Retrieved: June 11, 2011.
43. Kaminsky International Air Power Review Winter 2003/2004, p. 88.
46. Kaminsky International Air Power Review Winter 2003/2004, pp. 89–90.
47. Kaminsky International Air Power Review Winter 2003/2004, p.90.
48. Kaminsky International Air Power Review Winter 2003/2004, pp. 90–91.
52. Kaminsky International Air Power Review Spring 2004, p.90
53. "T-44 Instrument Flight Trainer Modification" (https://www.fbo.gov/?s=opportunity&mode=form&
id=135c59593f3a052923c88c82f3bd16a0&tab=core&_cview=0). www.fbo.gov. Retrieved: June 15, 2011.
54. "Queen Air and King Air 90 series Type Certificate Data Sheet." (http://rgl.faa.gov
/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/8c3d574efe5ea4a58625733a006a4a8b/$FILE/3a20.pdf)
FAA. Retrieved: June 11, 2011.
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55. "Model 99 and King Air 100 series Type Certificate Data Sheet" (http://rgl.faa.gov
/regulatory_and_guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/c0a846816b9bfac386257385005c5f33/$FILE/A14ce.pdf).
FAA. Retrieved: June 11, 2011.
56. "C90GTi Specifications." (http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/beechcraft/aircraft/turboprops/kac90gti
/specifications.aspx) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080731030500/http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com
/beechcraft/aircraft/turboprops/kac90gti/specifications.aspx) July 31, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Hawker
Beechcraft. Retrieved: June 11, 2011.
57. Frawley, Gerald. The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 1997/98 Edition. Canberra ACT: Aerospace
Publications Pty. Ltd., 1997. ISBN 1-875671-26-9.
58. Fred George (January 30, 2017). "Used Aircraft Report: Beech King Air B100" (http://aviationweek.com/business-
aviation/used-aircraft-report-beech-king-air-b100). Business & Commercial Aviation. Aviation Week.
Bibliography
Kaminski, Tom. "Variant File: US Military King Airs: Part 1 Beech/Raytheon U-21 and C-12". International Air Power
Review. Volume 11, Winter 2003/2004. ISBN 1-880588-60-9. ISSN 1473-9917. pp. 74–93.
Kaminski, Tom. "Variant File: US Military King Airs Part 2: C-12". International Air Power Review. Volume 12,
Spring 2004. ISBN 1-880588-77-3. ISSN 1473-9917. pp. 90–98.
Jackson, Paul. "Beech King Air B200." Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2003-2004, 2004. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.
Phillips, Edward H. Beechcraft - Pursuit of Perfection, A History of Beechcraft Airplanes. Flying Books, Eagan,
Minnesota 1992. ISBN 0-911139-11-7.
Simpson, R.W. Airlife's General Aviation. London: Airlife Publishing, 1991. ISBN 1-85310-194-X
Taylor, M. J. H. ed. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation Studio Editions Ltd. ISBN 1-85170-324-1
External links
King Air C90GTx (http://beechcraft.txtav.com/en/king-air-c90gtx)
Beech VC-6A (http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/MuseumExhibits/FactSheets/Display/tabid/509/Article
/195809/beech-vc-6a.aspx) – National Museum of the United States Air Force
Beech King Air timeline from Wings of Kansas (http://www.wingsoverkansas.com/legacy/a346/)
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This page was last edited on 16 March 2019, at 19:42 (UTC).
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Beechcraft King Air

In 1966, after 112 65-90s were completed,[4] production switched to the

Model 100 series

Military King Air versions

Air Force One

Modification and upgrade programs

Among the numerous airframe modifications available: a cargo conversion

Modification of L-23 Seminole with PT6A-6 tuboprops. One converted.[43]

Passengers 7 max 13 max

Length 35 ft 6 in / 10.82 m 39 ft 11 in / 12.17 m

Span 50 ft 3 in / 15.32 m 45 ft 11 in / 14.0 m

Height 14 ft 3 in / 4.34 m 15 ft 5 in / 4.7 m

Area 294 ft² / 27 m² 279.7 ft² / 26.0 m²

Empty Weight 6,950 lb / 3,150 kg 7,092 lb / 3,212 kg

MTOW 10,100 lb / 4,580 kg 11,800 lb / 5,352 kg

Powerplant 2xPT6A-135A 2xTPE-331-6-251B or -252

Power 550/ 410 kW 715 shp / 533 kW[a]

Propellers Hartzell HC-E4N-3N 4-bladed

Cruise TAS 226 kn / 416 km/h

Max TAS 270 kn / 500 km/h 265 kn / 491 km/h

Stall IAS (flaps down) 78 kn / 145 km/h

Range 1,321 nmi / 2,446 km 1,325 nmi / 2,455 km

Fuel consumption 2.08 lb/nmi (0.51 g/m)[b]

Ceiling 30,000ft / 9,144 m 24,850 ft / 7,574 m

Power/weight 0.099 hp/lb / 179 W/kg 0.121 hp/lb / 199.17 W/kg

a. flat rated, 840 shp thermo.

Beechcraft Queen Air

13. "TC-90." (http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/include/content_view.aspx?id=3243) Archived (https://web.archive.org

32. "Cargoliner." (https://web.archive.org/web/20081107223543/http://www.aerocrafters.net/) aerocrafters.net.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beechcraft_King_Air&oldid=888077255"

This page was last edited on 16 March 2019, at 19:42 (UTC).

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