Tieng Anh 10 - Tu Vung Ngu Phap Bai Tap HK2 KEY PDF

Workbook – The 2nd Semester English 10 - Pearson
UNIT 6. GENDER EQUALITY

I. VOCABULARY :
- address (v) /əˈdres/ : giải quyết / gửi
- affect (v) /əˈfekt/ : ảnh hưởng
- assignment (n) /əˈsaɪn.mənt/ : bài tập lớn
- caretaker (n) /ˈkeəteɪkə(r)/ : người trông nom nhà
- challenge (n, v) /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ : sự thách thức / thách thức
- discriminate (v) /dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.neɪt/ : phân biệt
 discrimination (n) /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/ : sự phân biệt đối xử
- effective (a) /ɪˈfektɪv/ : có hiệu quả
- eliminate (v) /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ : xóa bỏ
 elimination (n) /ɪˌlɪm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ : sự loại bỏ
- encourage (v) /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ : động viên, khuyến khích
 encouragement (n) /ɪnˈkʌr.ɪdʒ.mənt/ : sự động viên, sự khuyến khích
- enrol (v) /ɪnˈrəʊl/ : đăng ký nhập học
 enrolment (n) /ɪnˈrəʊlmənt/ : sự đăng ký nhập học
- equal (a) /ˈiːkwəl/ : ngang bằng
 equality (n) /iˈkwɒləti/ : bình đẳng
≠ inequality (n) /ˌɪnɪˈkwɒləti/ : không bình đẳng
- force (v) /fɔːs/ : bắt buộc, ép buộc
- gap (n) /gæp/ : khoảng cách
- gender (n) /ˈdʒendə(r)/ : giới, giới tính
- government (n) /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ : chính phủ
- income (n) /ˈɪnkʌm/ : thu thập
- limit (v) /ˈlɪm.ɪt/ : giới hạn
 limitation (n) /ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃn/ : sự hạn chế, sự giới hạn
- loneliness (n) /ˈləʊnlinəs/ : sự cô đơn
 lonely (a) /ˈləʊn.li/ : cô đơn / vắng vẻ
- opportunity (n) /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ : cơ hội = chane = occasion
- personal (a) /ˈpɜːsənl/ : thuộc về cá nhân
- preference (n) /ˈpref.ər.ənts/ : sự thích hơn, sự thiên vị
- progress (n) = advance /ˈprəʊɡres/ : sự tiến bộ, sự phát triển
- property (n) /ˈprɒpəti/ : tài sản
- pursue (v) /pəˈsjuː/ : theo đuổi
- qualify (v) /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.faɪ/ : có đủ tư cách, có đủ khả năng
 qualified (a) /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/ : đủ khả năng/ năng lực
 qualification (n) /ˌkwɒl.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ : phẩm chất / tư cách, khả năng
- remark (n,v) /rɪˈmɑːk/ : sự chú ý, sự nhận xét / chú ý, nhận xét
 remarkable (a) /rɪˈmɑːkəbl/ : đáng chú ý, xuất sắc
- right (n) /raɪt/ : quyền lợi
- sue (v) /suː/ : kiện
- treatment (n) /ˈtriːtmənt/ : sự đối xử
- violence (n) /ˈvaɪələns/ : sự bạo lực; dữ dội
 violent (a) /ˈvaɪələnt/ : có tính bạo lực, hung dữ
- wage (n) = salary /weɪdʒ/ : tiền lương
- workforce (n) /ˈwɜːkfɔːs/ : lực lượng lao động
II. GRAMMAR :
I. MODAL VERBS (Động từ khuyết thiếu)
A. MUST – HAVE (GOT) TO
- Must và Have (got) to có nghĩa là phải ; chỉ sự cần thiết phải làm một việc gì đó.
E.g: I must / have to go out now.
- Must : mang tính chất cá nhân, để diễn tả sự bắt buộc đến từ người nói, cảm giác của cá nhân mình (chủ quan). Người
nói thấy việc đó cần thiết phải làm.
E.g: I really must give up smoking.
- Have (got) to : không mang tính chất cá nhân, để diễn tả sự bắt buộc đến từ các yếu tố ngoại cảnh bên ngoài như luật
lệ, quy định (khách quan).
E.g: You can't turn right here. You have to turn left, (because of the traffic system)
- Have got to ~ have to nhưng have got to thường được dùng trong ngôn ngữ nói (informal)
- Nếu have được tĩnh lược 've thì chúng ta phải có "got"
E.g: They've got to be changed, (không được They've to be changed)
Trần Văn Ơn High School Page 1
English 10 – Pearson Workbook
- Trong thì quá khứ đơn, chúng ta thường dùng had to.
- Must có thể được dùng để nói về hiện tại và tương lai, nhưng không được dùng ở quá khứ. Thay vào đó, ta phải dùng
had to (have to dùng được tất cả các thì)
E.g: I must go to school now.
I must go to school tomorrow. / I will have to go to school tomorrow.
I had to go to school yesterday.
- Must còn dùng để đưa ra sự suy luận dựa vào lập luận logic
E.g: She must be upstairs. We've looked everywhere else.
- Must + be/ feel + adj : bày tỏ sự thấu hiểu cảm giác của ai đó (chắc hẳn là)
E.g: You must be tired after that trip.
* Mustn't và Don't/ Doesn't have to
+ Mustn't : không được làm gì đó (chỉ sự cấm đoán)
E.g: You mustn't tell the truth.
+ Don't have to = Don't need to : không cần làm gì, không phải làm gì (nhưng bạn có thể làm nếu bạn muốn)
E.g: You don't have to get up early.
B. NEED : cần
E.g: I need to buy some cheese.
* Needn't : Không cần, không phải ; mang nghĩa phủ định của must.
E.g: Must I do this work? - No, you needn't.
You needn't go to the market.
C. CAN – COULD – BE ABLE TO : có thể
- CAN dùng để:
+ Diễn tả khả năng ở hiện tại, khả năng chung
E.g: He can speak French.
+ Diễn tả một điều có thể xảy ra (possibility)
E.g: Can it happen?
+ Dạng phủ định của can là can't (= cannot): được dùng để diễn tả một điều khó có thể xảy ra (virtual
impossibility)
E.g: The doctor can't see you this morning; he's busy at the hospital.
- COULD dùng để:
+ Diễn tả khả năng ở quá khứ (could là dạng quá khứ của can)
E.g: I could swim when I was five years old.
+ Diễn tả khả năng nói chung (general ability)
E.g: She could speak 3 languages.
+ COULD được xem có tính chất lịch sự hơn CAN.
E.g: Could you tell me the way to the post office, please?
+ Can / Could thường dùng với các động từ chỉ cảm giác như feel, hear, see, smell, taste và các động từ tri giác
như remember, understand, believe, decide.
E.g: I can't believe Mr. Nam is so kind. / I could remember the crash, but nothing after that.
+ Could thường được dùng sau các cụm từ: the only thing/ time/ place và sau từ all VỚI nghĩa "the only thing"
E.g: All we could see were her fingers.
+ Can/ could thường được dùng trong thể bị động hơn be able to
E.g: The news can be read on the Internet.
- TO BE ABLE TO dùng để :
+ Dùng để chỉ khả năng làm được một việc gì đó, đôi khi có thể sử dụng thay thế cho CAN, nhưng "can" thường
dùng hơn.
E.g: I'm able to speak foreign languages. ~ I can speak foreign languages.
+ Dùng be able to để thay cho CAN/ COULD trong thì hoàn thành, hình thức V-ing, nguyên mẫu và sau các
modal verbs.
E.g: I have been able to swim since I was five.
The film star hates not being able to leave here.
They might be able to help you.
+ Dùng để đề cập tới một sự việc xảy ra trong một tình huống đặc biệt (particular situation), chúng ta dùng
was/were able to... ~ manages to ... để nói rằng ai đó đã tìm cách xoay sở để làm một việc gì đó thành công trong một
hoàn cảnh "đặc biệt" (trường hợp này không dùng could).
E.g: He was able to escape the fire after thirty minutes struggling in the house.
Firefighters were able to bring the fire under control quickly.
+ Nhưng dạng phủ định chúng ta có thể dùng was/ were not able to ~ couldn't cho tất cả trường hợp.
E.g: He tried hard but he couldn't/ wasn't able to persuade her to go out with him.
They couldn't/ weren't able to prevent the fire damaging the school.
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D. MAY – MIGHT
- May – Might : có thể, có lẽ (possibility) ~ may not/ might not (phủ định)
- May và Might dùng để nói về những hành động hay sự việc có thể xảy ra ở tương lai. Chúng ta dùng might khi khả
năng xảy ra thấp (dưới 50%), còn dùng may khi khả năng xảy ra cao hơn (trên 50%).
E.g: I may go to Da Lat tomorrow. (khả năng cao hơn)
I hope that you might come here. (khả năng thấp hơn)
- May/ Might dùng để đưa ra sự xin phép (ask for permission) ; trang trọng và lịch sự hơn can/ could. Cả may và might
đều có thể dùng để xin phép, nhưng might thì nhún nhường và lịch sự hơn.
E.g: May I go out?
- Might là hình thức quá khứ của may trong lời nói gián tiếp.
E. WILL – WOULD
- WILL :
+ Dùng ở thì Tương lai (simple future) để diễn tả một sự việc sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai.
E.g: I will go to Hue next week.
+ Diễn tả một quyết định tức thời khi nói.
E.g: I will answer the phone.
+ Diễn tả một lời hứa (promise) hay một sự quyết tâm (determination).
E.g: I promise I wil come back early.
+ Dùng để đề nghị, mời mọc (requests/ invitation)
E.g: Will you please open the door?
+ Diễn tả sự phỏng đoán.
E.g: I think it wil rain tonight.
- WOULD :
+ Dùng trong lời nói gián tiếp (Tương lai trong quá khứ) hay dùng trong câu điều kiện như loại 2,3.
E.g: He said he would come back the next day.
If he were free, he would meet me.
She would have been very happy if she had passed the exam.
+ Dùng để đề nghị, nhờ vả, xin phép, mời mọc
E.g: Would you turn on the TV for me?
Would you mind closing the windows?
II. THE PASSIVE VOICE WITH MODAL VERBS (Câu bị động với Động từ khuyết thiếu)
Active Passive
S + Modal Verbs + Vo + O S + Modal Verbs + be + V3/ed

Form :
E.g: They should do these exercises. => These exercises should be done.
III. EXERCISE :
Exercise 1 : Fill in each blank with the correct word from the box. Each word has to be used only once.
(6) freedom (5) status (3) feminist (9) opportunities (1) education
(2) gender (8) quality (10) responsibility (4) injustice (7) women
Famous Women Equality Quotes
1. “My goal is not to get a Nobel Peace Prize.... My goal is to get peace and my goal is to see ……………… of every
child.” (Malala Yousafzai)
2. “…………………… equality is not a woman’s issue, it is a human issue. It affects us all.”
3. “A ……………………is anyone who recognizes the equality and full humanity of women and men.” (Gloria Steinem)
4. “To call woman the weaker sex is a libel; it is man’s ……………………to woman.” (Mahatma Gandhi)
5. “True equality is not the superiority of women, but the equal ……………………of man and woman.” (Mercedes
Joubert)
6. “…………………… cannot be achieved unless the women have been emancipated from all forms of oppression.”
(Nelson Mandela)
7. “As ……………………, we must stand up for justice for all.” (Michelle Obama)
8. “Men of ……………………respect women’s equality.”
9. “Women are more than 50 percent of the population and more 50 percent of voters. We must demand that we all
receive 100 percent of the …………………….” (Beyonce)
10. “Women only have true equality, when men share with them the ……………………of bringing up the next
generation.” (Ruth Bader Ginsburg)
Exercise 2 : Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box. There are some extra words.
requirements (5) attitude (3) plans job
(2) meetings projects (4) concerns (1) tasks
Equal pay for women workers in Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, the poor (both women and men) are often engaged in day labor as hired seasonal workers on
landowners’ large plantations. Currently, men and women perform almost identical (1) ………………….., but they do
not earn equal wages. In an analysis of wages, it was found that for a day’s labor, men earn an average of $2.22, while
women earn nearly half of that amount ($1.21).
To solve the problem, volunteers from Pathway Project issued an analysis and held (2) ………………….. on
“fair wage” at each community in the area. At the end of these meetings, they developed (3) ………………….. to take
action and bring their common (4) ………………….. to the landowners and social elites. Male day laborers recognized
that equal wages for women would also benefit their families, and they joined forces with the women to ask for equal
pay.
Recently, men and women are working together in the crops Held as a team. Landowners are showing a more
positive (5) ………………….. to the women day laborers, and women day laborers are getting equal wages at the end
of each day without having to request it.
Exercise 3 : Choose the correct passive modals in the box to complete sentences.
(4) must be stopped (6) should be removed (2) must be made
(3) should be provided (1) will be achieved (5) will be given
1. Gender equality ………………………….. only when women and men enjoy the same opportunities.
2. In Muslim countries, changes ………………………….. to give women equal rights to natural or economic resources,
as well as access to ownership.
3. In order to reduce gender inequality in South Korean society, women ………………………….. more opportunities
by companies.
4. Child marriage ………………………….. in several parts in the world because it limits access to education and
training.
5. In Egypt, female students from disadvantaged families ………………………….. scholarships to continue their
studies.
6. Discrimination on the basis of gender ………………………….. from workplaces.
Exercise 4 : Change into Passive voice with Modal verbs.
1. I can answer the question.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
2. She would carry the box.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
3. You should open the window.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
4. We might play cards.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
5. You ought to wash the car.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
6. He must fill in the form.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
7. They need not buy bread.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
8. He could not read the sentence.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
9. Will the teacher test our English?
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
10. Could Jenny lock the door?
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
11. People will use cloth bags in the future.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
12. They will hold the meeting before May Day.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
13. Will you invite her to your wedding party?
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
14. We have to improve all the schools in the city.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
15. People should stop experiments on animals.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
Exercise 5 : Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. She faced …… loneliness …. because she not only had few friends but also was unwelcomed in that area. (lonely)

2. That a women becomes a …… firefighter …. has ever been considered to be weird, as people have assumed that
this job is only for men. (firefight)
3. Although she was aware of gender … preference …. in favor of boys, she applied for that position. (prefer)
4. This university is ranked as one the most successful institutions which have made … considerable …. progress
in gender equality. (consider)
5. In order to eliminate gender inequality, domestic … responsibilities …. need to be shared by both husbands and
wives, (responsible)
6. The number of female …… enrollments …. has increased sharply for the past few years. (enroll)
7. My uncle is very … knowledgeable …. about rhinos. He has studied about them for a long time. (knowledge)
8. By knowing their children’s strengths and …… weaknesses …. parents can find appropriate strategies to educate
them. (weak)
9. She contributed to the formation of an … organization …. for female pilots, gave advice to women on careers and
helped inspire others. (organize)
10. Even today, her life and career remain …… fascinating …. to many people. (fascinate)
Exercise 6 : Read the following short biography of the famous female pilot, Amelia Earhart. Choose the correct
heading (A-G) for each paragraph (1-4). You will not use all the headings.
A. Amelia’s Education
B. Amelia’s Mysterious Disappearance
C. Amelia’s Family Life
D. Amelia’s Childhood Years
E. Amelia’s Marriage
F. Amelia’s Flying Records
G. Amelia’s Love of Flying
Amelia Earhart
1. _____D_______
Amelia Mary Earhart was born on July 24, 1897, in Atchison, Kansas. At three years old she went to live with
her grandparents who lived fifty miles away. Amelia was a tomboy, and loved snow sledding and climbing trees. She
lived with her grandparents until she was ten. At ten she moved back with her parents and her younger sister, Muriel.
2. ______G______
Amelia saw her first airplane at the 1908 Iowa State Fair. At this fair, there was a stuntflying exhibition, and it
fascinated Amelia. It was here, as she watched these planes twirling and swooshing, that Amelia fell in love with the
idea of flying. Amelia actually had to wait thirteen years to take her first ride in a plane, and just six months after that,
she bought her first plane. It was bright yellow and she called it Canary.
3. _____F_______
Amelia was very competitive, and entered many flying contests over the next several years. She continually
broke the records of other pilots. To mention just a few:
In June of 1928, she became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic.
In May of 1932, she became the second person to fly solo across the Atlantic.
From August 24 to 25, 1932, she flew a solo nonstop flight from the west coast of the United States to the east coast,
making her the first woman to do that.
From April 24 to 25, 1935, she was the first person to fly solo from Hawaii to California.
4. ______B______
At the age of forty, in 19337, Amelia Earhart wanted to be the first woman to fly around the world. She and her
navigator took off from Oakland, California, and flew to Miami, then through the Caribbean to Brazil and through Africa
to India. After India, they flew to Bangkok, Indonesia, Australia, and then Papua New Guinea. From Papua New Guinea,
they flew toward Howard Island, 2,200 miles away. They never arrived, and despite extensive searches, they were never
found.
No one knows for sure what happened to Amelia and her navigator, but the world knows that Amelia is one of
the most important and influential pilots in history.
Exercise 7 : Read the passage carefully, and do the tasks that follow.
Working mothers are the ones who move out of the house for the purpose of earning money and also maintain
household chores. Every woman at home prefers to work in order to balance the financial and the other basic needs of
the family.
The children of working mothers become smarter, more active, and more independent as compared to the
children of non-working mothers. This is because of the fact that the mothers being working have to move out of the
house leaving all the household chores intact, the children understand their responsibilities and manage to do all their
tasks without being dependent on others, so they become smart, active, and independent enough.
The working mothers arc now helped by their husbands in household chores after returning from work. By
seeing fathers being a helping hand to mothers, children learn good habits and inculcate manners of helping others as
well as their mothers, thus in this way good habits are inculcated in them.
A working mother also adds to the advantage of helping the family financially. It is beneficial as a woman
becomes a helping hand to the husband in terms of money. Therefore, the family runs in a very smooth way without any
financial difficulty and the kids also get the best as parents are able to afford all necessities due to a good income level.
The mothers, when work, become an inspiration for their kids as they look up to their mums and say that they
aspire to be like their mums in the near future. Working mums not only work but also look after their children without
any difficulty. So such kids need to get an inspiration at home, and they also learn to do hard work in their life.
Task 1 : Match a word in column A with its definition in column B, writing the answer in each blank. There are
two extra definitions.
A B
A. to make someone have a strong feeling
1. intact (adj) E B. to remember something by doing it so often
2. inculcate (v) G C. to respect or admire (someone)
3. inspiration ( n ) F D. to have a strong desire to do something
4. look up to (v) C E. complete and in the original state
5. aspire (v) D F. someone or something that gives you ideas for doing something
G. to fix beliefs or ideas in someone’s mind
Task 2 : Read the passage again, and answer the questions below.
6. Why does every woman at home prefer to go to work?
Because they want to balance the financial and the other basic needs of the family.
7. Why do the children of working mothers become smarter, more active, and more independent?
Because they understand their responsibilities and manage to do all their tasks without being dependent on
others.
8. How can children learn good habits from their fathers at home?
They learn good habits at home by seeing fathers being a helping hand to mothers.
9. What financial benefits does a working mother bring to her family?
The family runs in a very smooth way without any financial difficulty and the kids also get the best as parents
are able to afford all necessities.
10. Why do working mothers become an inspiration for their children?
Because they not only work but also look after their children without any difficulty.
Exercise 8 : Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
A pioneer leader for women’s rights, Susan Anthony became one of the leading women reformers of the 19th
century. In Rochester, New York, she began her first public crusade on behalf of temperance, the habit of not drinking
alcohol. The temperance movement dealt with the abuses of women and children who suffered from alcoholic husbands.
Also, she worked tirelessly against slavery and for women’s rights. Anthony helped write the history of woman suffrage.
At the time Anthony lived, women did not have the right to vote. Because she voted in the 1872 election, a US
official arrested Anthony. She hoped to prove that women had the legal right to vote under the provisions of the 14th
and 15th Amendments to the Constitution. At her trial, a hostile federal judge found her guilty and fined her $100, which
she refused to pay.
Anthony did not work alone. She worked with reformers of women’s rights such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and
Amelia Bloomer. Susan worked for the American Anti-Slavery Society with Frederick Douglas, a fugitive slave and
black abolitionist.
On July 2nd 1979, the US Mint honored her by issuing the Susan Anthony dollar coin. Although Anthony did
not live to see the fruits of her efforts, the establishment of the 19' Amendment is indebted to her efforts, according to
US historians.
1. Anthony advocated all of the following EXCEPT _______ .
A. slavery should be abolished
B. women are citizens and should have the right to vote
C. employers should provide childcare for female employees
D. alcohol should be prohibited because of the abuse it causes
2. The underlined word “crusade” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______ .
A. a battle against authority
B. a campaign to work tirelessly for one’s beliefs
C. a war against the enemies in the Middle Ages
D. an attempt to fight evil
3. What would historians say about Susan Anthony’s greatest achievement?
A. She was an activist and raised a family at the same time.
B. She worked with abolitionists to get the country rid of slavery.
C. Her tireless efforts to guarantee women the right to vote led to the establishment of the 19th Amendment
to the Constitution.
D. Women had the legal right to vote under the provisions of the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution.
4. In which of the following ways did the US Mint honor her life’s work?
A. The Susan Anthony stamp was issued.
B. The Susan Anthony dollar coin was issued.
C. The Susan Anthony Memorial Park was built in Rochester.
D. Susan Anthony dolls were created.
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Slavery was one of Susan Anthony’s causes.
B. Susan Anthony did not accept the use of alcohol.
C. Susan Anthony never gave up her struggle for all people’s freedom.
D. Reformers do not always see the results of their efforts.
PRACTISE TEST UNIT 6

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. gender B. enrol C. preference D. secondary
2. A. aware B. family C. planet D. married
3. A. sue B. spend C. sure D. pursue
II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
4. A. maintain B. perform C. prefer D. offer
5. A. enrol B. happen C. pursue D. affect
III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
6. In Korea, many people still feel that women should be in charge of ________ after getting married.
A. housekeeping B. homemaker C. house husband D. householder
7. The principle of equal pay is that men and women doing ________ work should get paid the same amount.
A. same B. alike C. similar D. identical
8. In Yemen, women have less ________ to property ownership, credit, training and employment.
A. possibility B. way C. use D. access
9. Women are more likely to be victims of ________ violence.
A. domestic B. household C. home D. family
10. International Women’s Day is an occasion to make more ________ towards achieving gender equality.
A. movement B. progress C. improvement D. development
11. Reducing gender ________ improves productivity and economic growth of a nation.
A. equality B. inequality C. possibility D. rights
12. Women with high qualifications ________ to managers.
A. must promote B. must be promoted C. must move D. must be moved
13. A common reason that someone ________ more for similar work is because of his or her experience or “length of
service”.
A. may be paid B. should not be paid C. can be paid D. must be paid
14. All forms of discrimination against all women and girls ________ immediately everywhere.
A. must be taken away B. must be ended C. must be allowed D. must be followed
15. True gender equality ________ when both men and women reach a balance between work and family.
A. can achieve B. should be achieved C. can be achieved D. should achieve
IV. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box.
25. history 24. wage 23. role 18. gender 20. colleagues
17. job 21. experience 19. family 22. result 16. employers
The state of California is working to say goodbye to the gender wage gap. Governor Jerry Brown has signed the
Fair Pay Act, a new law that forces (16) _______ who pay more to a man working the same (17) _______ as a woman
to prove that the pay is based on elements other than (18) _______. It is not just a gender problem - it is a (19) _______
problem or a human problem.
Aileen Rizo, a math consultant at the Fresno County Office of Education, discovered that one of her male (20)
_______ earned $12,000 more per year than her, even though he had fewer years of (21) _______ and education.
Over the course of a 40-year career, the average American woman will lose out on about $431,000 as the (22)
_______ of the wage gap, according to the Center for American Progress. And the pay gap starts early: If a woman earns
less in her first job, when she takes on a new (23) _______ and her new employer sets her (24) _______, it will often be
based on her prior pay (25) _______.
Now the new law has closed the gaps for women.
V. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
An advocate for Kenyan women and environment Wangari Maathai has become an international (26) __C_____
because of her persistence in the struggle for democracy, human rights and environmental conservation. Maathai is best
known for her efforts to develop the Green Belt Movement, an organization that focuses on planting trees to protect the
environment and improve the (27) __A_____ of life. Because of her efforts, Maathai was (28) ___B____ the Nobel
Peace Prize in 2004.
In 1976, Wangari Maathai became active in the National Council of Women of Kenya. While she was serving
as the chairwoman in the National Council of Women, she began to found an organization that encouraged women’s
groups to plant trees in order to conserve the environment. It was this small effort that has (29) ___D____ women in
planting more than 20 million trees on farms, schools, and churches. This effort eventually became known (30) __A____
the charitable organization (31) ____C___ the Green Belt Movement.
Wangari Maathai has become very important to the people of Kenya, Africa and the international (32) ___A___.
Because of her active role in the environment and the Green Belt Movement, more than 20 million trees have been
planted, numerous other countries have begun tree planting programmes, and women all over the world have been helped
by the example that she (33) __B___. As noted by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, she has served as an “(34) __D___
for many in the fight for democratic rights and has especially encouraged women to (35) ___C__ their situation.”
26. A. image B. key C. figure D. idol
27. A. quality B. quantity C. characteristic D. feature
28. A. given B. awarded C. rewarded D. gained
29. A. resulted B. offered C. provided D. assisted
30. A. as B. for C. in D. Ø
31. A. call B. calling C. called D. called as
32. A. community B. society C. association D. federation
33. A. fixes B. sets C. puts D. establishes
34. A. feeling B. emotion C. impression D. inspiration
35. A. take B. move C. better D. gain
VI. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
The status of women in Japan is complex and cannot be characterized in simple terms. Slowly, there is a growing
number of professional women and professional women's associations. More women continue to work after getting
married and having children. However, many companies have separate programmes for women, usually non-career
development, and follow practices that would be considered discriminatory in other societies. For a typical couple, the
female spouse is still generally expected to do all of the cleaning, cooking, and other chores, whether she is working or
not. Single women are said to be enjoying their lives, spending much money on travel abroad and shopping. Housewives
are active in networking themselves for various objectives, for example volunteer activities, community services,
recycling activities, study groups, and many others. The traditional Japanese value of “good wife, good mother’ is
changing.
Unlike other countries where a couple is the usual social unit, in Japan it is typical for only the husband to be
invited to business gatherings or to weddings for company employees. Exceptions are frequently made for foreign
visitors depending on the occasion, but wives should not take their exclusion as a personal insult.
36. The status of women in Japan is _______ .
A. indefinite and illegal B. complex and unclear
C. clear and high D. low and simple
37. Nowadays. Japanese women _______ .
A. can go to work after getting married and having children
B. all have become professional women
C. take over most important work in many companies
D. have the same work and pay as men in all companies
38. In the family, the female partner _______ .
A. often does all the housework if she doesn’t go to work
B. the male spouse always helps his wife with cooking and other chores
C. is still generally expected to do all of the housework
D. no longer spends much time doing the housework
39. Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage?
A. It is normal for only the husband to be invited to business gatherings.
B. Single Japanese women are used to enjoying their lives, spending much money on travel abroad and shopping.
C. The traditional Japanese value of “good wife, good mother” is changing.
D. Wives in Japan can take their exclusion as a personal insult.
40. What can be inferred from the passage is _______.
A. the role of Japanese women in the society is changing so that all Japanese women gain gender equality in both
society and home
B. there have been some changes in their social role but Japanese women haven’t acquired the same rights
as men in many fields yet
C. Japanese women are fighting for their definite status in the society
D. most Japanese women are satisfied with their social role nowadays

VII. SPEAKING : Choose the best answer to complete conversation.
41. “Thank you so much for your help, Steve.” -“___________”.
A. That’s right. B. I’m OK. C. My pleasure. D. Forget me not.
42. “Shall I carry that bag for you?” -“___________”
A. Sorry. I’m late! B. There’s no need. Thanks. C. I never mind. D. You’re welcome.
43. “I’m so sorry. I thought you were someone else.” “________”
A. That’s a nice idea. B. Thanks a lot. C. Yes, of course. D. No problem.
44. “How about playing a game of table tennis?” “________”
A. Sounds good! B. Don’t worry! C. Not too bad. Thanks. D. So do I.
45. “Can I use your telephone?” “_______”
A. I’m glad you did it. B. That’s what you did. C. Sure. Go ahead. D. Don’t worry about it.
46. “Mr. Rose, could you spare me a minute?” “______”
A. Sure. I’ll be there. B. Yes. What do you need? C. Thanks anyway. D. It doesn’t matter.
47. “Where do you suggest I stay?” -“______“
A. Let’s stay at the Hilton. B. I recommend the Hilton.
C. I suggest to stay at the Hilton. D. I never mind.
48. “Have a nice weekend, Darren!” -“______”
A. Yes, go ahead. B. Not at all. There you are. C. You too! D. Of course not!
49. “Would you mind moving your bag from the seat?” -“________”
A. No, 1 wouldn’t. B. Oh, sorry. C. That’s a nice idea. D. Yes, I’m glad to.
50. “I’ve just passed the entrance exam.” -“________”
A. Not too bad. B. So do I. C. Certainly. Here you are. D. Congratulations!
UNIT 7. CULTURAL DIVERSITY

I. VOCABULARY :
- alert (a) /əˈlɜːt/ : tỉnh táo
- altar (n) /ˈɔːltə(r)/ : bàn thờ
- ancestor (n) /ˈænsestə(r)/ : ông bà, tổ tiên
≠ descendant (n) /di'sendənt/ : hậu duệ, con cháu, người nối dõi
- Aquarius (n) /əˈkweəriəs/ : chòm sao/ cung Thủy bình
- Aries (n) /ˈeəriːz/ : chòm sao/ cung Bạch dương
- best man (n) /bestmæn/ : phù rể
- bride (n) /braɪd/ : cô dâu
- bridegroom (n) /ˈbraɪdɡruːm/ : chú rể = groom (n)
- bridesmaid (n) /ˈbraɪdzmeɪd/ : phù dâu
- Cancer (n) /ˈkænsə(r)/ : chòm sao/ cung Cự giải
- Capricorn (n) /ˈkæprɪkɔːn/ : chòm sao/ cung Ma kết
- complicated (a) /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ : phức tạp = complex (a)
- contrast (n) /ˈkɒntrɑːst/ : sự tương phản, sự trái ngược
 contrast (v) /kənˈtrɑːst/ : tương phản, khác nhau
- crowded (a) /ˈkraʊdɪd/ : đông đúc
- decent (a) /ˈdiːsnt/ : đàng hoàng, tử tế
- diversity (n) /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ : sự da dạng, phong phú = variety (n)
- engaged (a) /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒd/ : đính hôn, đính ước
 engagement (n) /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/ : sự đính hôn, sự đính ước
- export (n) /ˈekspɔːt/ : sự xuất khẩu, hàng xuất
 export (v) /ɪkˈspɔːt/ : xuất khẩu
- favourable (a) /ˈfeɪvərəbl/ : thuận lợi = lucky (a)
- fortune (n) /ˈfɔːtʃuːn/ : vận may, sự giàu có
- funeral (n) /ˈfjuːnərəl/ : đám tang = burial (n)
- garter (n) /ˈɡɑːtə(r)/ : nịt bít bất
- Gemini (n) /ˈdʒemɪnaɪ/ : chòm sao/ cung Song tử
- handkerchief (n) /ˈhæŋkətʃɪf/ : khăn tay
- high status (np) /haɪ ˈsteɪtəs/ : có địa vị cao, có vị trí cao
- honeymoon (n) /ˈhʌnimuːn/ : tuần trăng mật
- horoscope (n) /ˈhɒrəskəʊp/ : số tử vi, cung Hoàng đạo
- import /ˈɪmpɔːt/ (n,v) : sự nhập khẩu, hàng nhập / nhập khẩu
- influence (n) /ˈɪnfluəns/ : sự ảnh hưởng
- legend (n) /ˈledʒənd/ : truyền thuyết, truyện cổ tích
- lentil (n) /ˈlentl/ : đậu lăng, hạt đậu lăng
- Leo (n) /ˈliːəʊ/ : chòm sao/ cung Sư tử
- Libra (n) /ˈliːbrə/ : chòm sao/ cung Thiên bình
- life partner (np) /laɪf ˈpɑːtnə(r)/ : bạn đời
- magpie (n) /ˈmæɡpaɪ/ : chim chích chòe
- majority (n) /məˈdʒɒrəti/ : phần lớn
- mystery (n) /ˈmɪstri/ : điều huyền bí, bí ẩn
- object (v) /əbˈdʒekt/ : phản đối, chống lại
 object (n) /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ : đồ vật, vật thể
- Pisces (n) /ˈpaɪsiːz/ : chòm sao/ cung Song ngư
- present (a) /ˈpreznt/ : có mặt, hiện tại
 present (v) /prɪˈzent/ : đưa ra, trình bày
 present (n) /ˈpreznt/ : món quà
- prestigious (a) /preˈstɪdʒəs/ : có uy tín, có thanh thế
- proposal (n) /prəˈpəʊzl/ : sự cầu hôn
- protest (n,v) /ˈprəʊtest/; /prəˈtest/ : sự phản kháng, sự phản đối
- rebel (v,n) /ˈrebl/; /rɪˈbel/ : nổi loạn, chống đối
- ritual (n) /ˈrɪtʃuəl/ : lễ nghi, nghi thức
- Sagittarius (n) /ˌsædʒɪˈteəriəs/ : chòm sao/ cung Nhân mã
- Scorpio (n) /ˈskɔːpiəʊ/ : chòm sao/ cung Thiên yết
- soul (n) /səʊl/ : linh hồn, tâm hồn
- superstition (n) /ˌsuːpəˈstɪʃn/ : sự tín ngưỡng, mê tín
 superstitious (a) /ˌsuːpəˈstɪʃəs/ : mê tín
- sweep (v) /swiːp/ : quét
- take place (v) /teɪkpleɪs/ : diễn ra
- Taurus (n) /ˈtɔːrəs/ : chòm sao/ cung Kim ngưu
- veil (n) /veɪl/ : mạng che mặt
- venture (n) /ˈventʃə(r)/ : dự án hoặc công việc kinh doanh
- Virgo (n) /ˈvɜːɡəʊ/ : chòm sao/ cung Xử nữ
- wealth (n) /welθ/ : sự giàu có, giàu sang, của cải
- wedding ceremony (np) /ˈwedɪŋˈserəməni/ : lễ cưới
- wedding reception (np) / ˈwedɪŋrɪˈsepʃn/ : tiệc cưới
II. GRAMMAR:
1. COMPARISION (So sánh)
1. Positive form (So sánh bằng)
S + V + as + adj/adv + as + noun/clause
Ex : Jane sings as well as her sister
I can’t run as fast as him (I can’t run so fast as he can)
2. Comparative form (So sánh hơn):
a) Tính từ ngắn (Short adj/adv) : ADJ + ER + THAN
S + V +adj/adv +er + than + noun/pronoun/ clause
- Tính từ ngắn là từ có một vần hay hai vần tận cùng bằng “y”.
fast ---> faster strong ---> stronger thick ---> thicker
lucky ---> luckier happy ---> happier dry ---> drier
* LƯU Ý:
big ---> bigger hot ---> hotter
Ex: John is stronger than his brother. (John khoẻ hơn anh của cậu ấy.)
- Tính từ hoặc trạng từ có 2 âm tiết mà tận cùng bằng er/ow/y/le được sử dụng như tính từ ngắn.
Ex: You are cleverer than Lan
b) Tính từ dài (Long adj/adv) : MORE + ADJ + THAN
S + V + more + long adj/adv + than + noun/pronoun/clause
- Tính từ dài là từ có hai vần trở lên : modern, patient, difficult, fluently, beautifully,…
Ex: This problem is more difficult than we thought. (Vấn đề này khó hơn chúng ta nghĩ.)

3. Superlative form (So sánh nhất) :
a) Tính từ ngắn: THE + ADJ + EST
S + V + the + adj/adv + est
cold ---> the coldest lucky ---> the luckiest
thick ---> the thickest happy ---> the happiest
* LƯU Ý: big ---> the biggest hot ---> the hottest
Ex: Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. (Hôm qua là ngày nóng nhất trong năm.)
b) Tính từ dài : THE + MOST + ADJ
S + V + the most + long adj/adv
Ex: She is the most beautiful girl in the class. (Cô ấy là cô gái đẹp nhất trong lớp.)
- Tính từ bất qui tắc : So sánh hơn So sánh nhất
good better the best
bad worse the worst
far farther / further the farthest / the furthest
old older / elder the oldest / the eldest
much, many more the most
little less the least
Ex: Her English is better than mine. (Tiếng Anh của cô ta thì tốt hơn tôi.)
II. ARTICLE : (Mạo từ)
 A, AN: dùng với danh từ số ít đếm được chỉ người, vật, hoặc sự vật được đề cập đến LẦN ĐẦU TIÊN với nghĩa
chung chung hoặc tổng quát.
- A: đứng trước danh từ đếm được số ít bắt đầu bằng một phụ âm
Eg : a book, a table, a pen, a house …
- AN: đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu bằng một nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i) và phụ âm h câm
Eg: an umbrella , an orange, an engineer , an hour …
 Note : Không dùng a, an trong các trường hợp sau:
+ Trước danh từ số nhiều : eg: She has many books.
+Trước danh từ không đếm được : eg: Nam likes coffee.
+Trước danh từ chỉ các bữa ăn : eg: I have breakfast at 6.00.
* Khi người/vật/ sự vật đó được nhắc đến kể từ LẦN THỨ HAI, ta dùng “THE”.
Eg: I bought a house. The house is very nice.
 THE :
+ Được dùng cho danh từ đếm được và không đếm được cả số ít và số nhiều
Eg: The boy, the boys, the coffee in the shop,...
+ Dùng cho danh từ được xác định hoặc được nhắc đến lần thứ hai (khi cả người nói và người nghe đều hiểu đối tượng
đang được đề cập đến)
Eg: The boy you met yesterday is a student.
+ Dùng cho những vật duy nhất
Eg: the moon, the sun, the world, the USA, …
+ Trước danh từ chỉ nhạc cụ, màu sắc, các phát minh.
Eg: the piano, the guitar,…
+ Trước danh từ chỉ tên riêng của nhà hàng, khách sạn:
Eg : the Thien Nga, the Truc Chi
+ Trước các từ : next, last, wrong, right,…
Note: Không dùng the trong các trường hợp sau:
+ Trước danh từ trừu tượng Eg: Man fears death.
+ Trước các danh từ chỉ các bữa ăn Eg: We often have dinner at 7.00.
+ Trước danh từ chỉ môn thể thao Eg: He can play tennis.
+ Trước các cụm từ: at work, at home, at school, go to work, go to school, go home, hospital, church, prison, college,
university.
III. EXERCISE :
Exercise 1 : Fill in each blank with the correct word/phrase from the box.
(8) practices (5) business (3) permission (7) times (4) altar
(2) dates (10) predictions (9) mirrors (6) bad luck (1) relationship
1. Parents of both sides meet to know each other and approve the ……………… between the two children.
2. In the proposal meeting, when the couple has decided to get married, the two families need to choose the
……………… for the proposal and wedding.

3. When the groom’s family arrives at the bride’s house, the groom asks his parents-in-law for ……………… to bring
his wife home.
4. Then the bride and the groom light up incense at her family’s ……………… to ask her ancestors for permission to
get married.
5. When going somewhere on ………………, avoid seeing a woman first.
6. When you arc the first person to come by their cart and you do not buy anything, they might consider you to bring
……………… .
7. To remove bad luck, street vendors would burn a piece of paper and wave over the cart nine ……………….
8. There are other ……………… that can ensure good luck as well, such as scattering rice grains and salt.
9. To many people, ……………… are often placed on front doors: if a dragon tries to get in, he will see his reflection
and think that there is already a dragon there and go away.
10. When Tet is coming, superstitious people are more likely to look for their advice and ……………… for their
personal and professional lives in the next year.
Exercise 2 : Put the events below in the order in which they usually occur, and then complete each blank in the
text with the correct word from the box.
............... A. an engagement (1) ................ B. a reception (3)
............... C. a honeymoon (4) ................ D. a wedding (2)
(6) bride (4) ceremony (2) engagement (1) got engaged (7) groom
(10) excitement (9) honeymoon (8) newly-weds (5) reception (3) wedding
Neil and Carrie dated for three years before they (1) ………………….. . They were both so excited, and they
announced their (2) ………………….. immediately. They wanted everyone to know they were going to get married!
Today is the (3) ………………….. with two parts. First is the (4) ………………….. – it is the formal service
that will make them legally married. Then comes the real celebration: at the (5) ………………….. everyone will eat
and dance for hours.
Right now Carrie, the (6) ………………….. is putting on her dress. She is so excited! Neil, the (7)
………………….. is pretty excited, too, but he’s also really nervous.
Tomorrow morning the (8) ………………….. are going to Tahiti for a seven-day (9) ………………….. . After
all the stress and (10) ………………….. of the wedding, they’ll need a vacation!
Cultural Note:
The word “honeymoon” comes from an old Irish tradition. Newly-weds drank wine made from honey for the
first month (or moon) after being married. They believed that by doing this, they would have a son within the first year
of marriage.
1. The …… proposal ….. ceremony is one of the three stages of a Vietnamese traditional wedding. (propose)
2. Before a wedding ceremony, there must be an … engagement ….. ceremony. (engage)
3. As a rule of thumb, a number of superstitious people choose a … favorable / favorite ….. date before starting
something. (favour)
4. It is believed that meeting a black cat is lucky, but it is …unlucky .. to walk under a ladder or break a mirror. (luck)
5. Working as a volunteer provides you with opportunities to know more about cultural …… diversity ….. (diverse)
6. If you want to get on well with your colleagues, you should pay … attention ….. to some common features of their
cultures. (attend)
7. He is trying to work hard so that he is promoted to a higher and more …… prosperous ….. position. (prosper)
8. After he had flirted her for a long time, they … gradually ….. fell in love. (gradual)
9. It cannot be denied that superstitious …… beliefs ….. exist many cultures. (believe)
10. After the wedding day, the …… majority ….. of couples leave on honeymoon in very romantic places. (major)
Exercise 4 : Fill in each blank with the correct article: a, an or the.
Ancient Chinese Marriage Customs
Ever since ancient times, there has been (1) …a.. saying that (2) …the.. three most delightful moments in one’s
life come with success in the imperial examination, marriage and (3) …the.. birth of a son.
In a feudal society, a marriage would be decided not by (4) …a.. young couple’s love, but by their parents’
desires. Only after a matchmaker’s introduction and when parents considered (5) …the.. two family conditions were
similar and could be matched, would the marriage procedures go forward.
Conditions that should be taken into consideration included wealth and social status. If (6) …a.. boy's family
was well-off or (7) …an.. official family, his parents would never permit him to marry a girl from a poor family.
Necessities to the marriage process were (8) …the.. commonly recognized “three letters and six etiquettes”.
(9) …the.. three letters were the betrothal letter, the gift letter with a gifts list and the wedding letter used on the
day the groom met his bride at her home. Six etiquettes then led to (10) …the.. final wedding ceremony were: proposing,
birthday matching, presenting betrothal presents, presenting wedding presents, selecting the wedding date, and wedding
ceremony.
Exercise 5 : Choose the correct answer to fill in each blank.
1. We went out for _____ meal last night. _____ restaurant we went to was excellent.
A. a/ The B. the/ A C. a/  D. the/ 
2. As I was walking along the street, I saw _____ $10 note on _____ pavement.
A. a/ a B. the/ the C. a/ the D. the/ a
3. _____ actress’s life is in many ways unlike that of other women.
A. An B. A C. As D. That the
4. Kate plays _____ violin in an orchestra.
A. the B. a C. an D. 
5. _____ computer has changed _____ way we live.
A. A/ the B. The/ the C. A/ a D. The/ a
6. Excuse me, where is _____ bus station, please?
A. a B. the C.  D. an
7. What did you have for _____ breakfast this morning?
A. a B. an C. the D. 
8. Peter used to work in _____ Middle East.
A.  B. the C. an D. a
9. My plane was delayed. I had to wait at _____ airport for three hours.
A. the B. a C. an D. 
10. I have _____ problem. Can you help me?
A.  B. a C. an D. the
11. Barack Obama is _____ President of _____ United States.
A. the/ the B. a/  C. the/  D. the/ an
12. He never listens to _____ radio. He prefers watching _____ television.
A. a/ a B. a/ the C. the/  D. / the
13. _____ university will be built in _____ center of the town.
A. A/ the B. An/ the C. The/ a D. An/ a
14. _____ River Nile is _____ longest river of all.
A. /  B. A/ the C. The/ the D. / a
15. _____ Women’s Day is on _____ eighth of March.
A. The/  B. / the C. The/ an D. / an
16. By _____ time we had just left the office, _____ alarm went off.
A. / the B. a/ an C. a/ the D. the/ an
17. He grew up in _____ orphanage in _____ United Kingdom.
A. the/  B. an/ an C. the/ an D. an/ the
18. Laura is friendly. She can make _____ friends easily.
A. a B. an C. the D. 
19. That car can run at _____ speed of 180 miles _____ hour.
A. the/ an B. a/ the C. a/ a D. the/ a
20. _____ experience is _____ best teacher.
A. An/ the B. / the C. the/ the D. an/ an
Exercise 6 : Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.
1. Ms. Jones isn't as nice ................. Ms. Smith.
A. as B. for C. like D. to
2. The rooms in Graduate Towers are ................ Patterson Hall.
A. larger than B. larger than that of C. larger than those in D. larger than in
4. Tuition at an American university runs …….... six thousand dollars a semester.
A. so high as B. as high to C. as high as D. as high than
5. Everyone looks much ................ today than they did yesterday.
A. happy B. more happily C. happily D. happier
6. Mr. Brown receives a ............. salary than anyone else in the company.
A. big B. more bigger C. bigger D. the bigger
7. The Boeing 747 is twice ................. the Boeing 707.
A. bigger than B. as bigger as C. as big as D. more bigger than
8. "Do you know that beautiful lady over there?" "Yes, that's Wanida. She's ...................... in her group.
A. more beautiful than any girl B. more beautiful than any other girl
C. so beautiful as other girl D. beautiful more than another girl
9. My young brother grew very quickly and soon he was ........... my mother.
A. more big than B. so big than C. as big as D. too big than
10. He is not ……………………tall as his father.
A. the B. as C. than D. more
11. John’s grades are ………………..than his sister’s.
A. higher B. more high C. high D. the highest
12. Deana is the …………………… of the three sisters.
A. most short B. shorter C. shortest D. more short
13. She speaks English as ………………. as her friend does.
A. good B. well C. better D. the best
14. Of the three shirts, this one is the ………………… .
A. prettier B. most prettiest C. prettiest D. most pretty
15. The baby’s illness is ………………… than we thought at first.
A. bad B. worst C. worse D. badly
16. Today is the ………………… day of the month.
A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. hottest than
17. He works more ………………….. than I.
A. slow B. slowly C. slowest D. most slowly
18. My book is as …………………. as yours.
A. good B. well C. better D. the best
19. I love you ………………….. than I can say.
A. much B. many C. more D. the most
20. It’s ……………… to go by bus than by car.
A. cheaper B. cheapest C. more cheap D. more cheaper
21. That house is ……………… one on the street.
A. oldest B. the oldest C. old D. older
22. This hotel must be ……………… than the small one next door.
A. expensive B. more expensive C. the most expensive D. the more expensive
23. An orange is ……………… than a plum.
A. more large B. more larger C. larger D. the largest
24. What is the ……………… thing you have ever done?
A. more difficult B. most difficult C. difficulty D. difficult than
25. This river is ..................... than that river.
A. narrow B. narrowest C. narrower D. most narrow
Exercise 7 : Read the passage, and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
Why are horseshoes believed to be lucky?
In 1700. Henri Misson, a Frenchman visiting Britain, asked villagers why they had horseshoes nailed above
their doors. They said that it was to keep witches away. Horseshoes are made of iron and the strength of the iron was
thought to protect from evil. Still today they are thought to bring good luck and many brides carry silver ones at the
wedding. The position of the horseshoe is very important. It must point upwards like a cup so that the luck cannot fall
out.
T F
1. French villagers nailed horseshoes all around their houses. x
2. The horseshoe was to keep witches away. x
3. The strength of the horse was thought to protect from evil. x
4. People don’t believe the horseshoe brings good luck any more x
5. The horseshoe must point upwards like a cup so that we can keep the luck. x
The Wedding Ring
At weddings in many parts of the world, brides and grooms give one another wedding rings. These rings remind
them of the commitment they made to one another when they got married. They are also a sign to others that they are
married.
No one knows for sure how this tradition started, but there is evidence that it began long ago, in ancient Egypt.
Coins at that time had a hole in the center. An Egyptian groom used to place a coin on his bride’s finger to show that he
would take care of her.
In many ancient cultures, the circle is a symbol of eternity. The wedding ring has come to symbolize endless
love and commitment.
Wedding rings have almost always been worn on the fourth ring, but the hand it is worn on depends on where
you live. In some cultures, people wear their rings on the left hand, and in others, they wear them on the right.
1. Rings are traditionally given ______ .
A. only in Egypt B. during weddings C. just to brides D. before weddings
2. Ancient Egyptian grooms gave their brides ______ .
B. money to buy a ring B. money shaped like a ring
C. a ring for every finger D. coins to get a wedding ring
3. A wedding ring is a symbol of ______ .
A. a circle B. eternity C. love without end D. decision
4. Most people wear their wedding rings ______ .
A. on both hands B. on the fourth finger
C. only on the left hand D. only on the right hand
5. The word “eternity” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ______ .
A. after death B. period of time
C. happening too often D. time with no end
Exercise 9 : Read the text, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
How casual is too casual?
Thirty years ago or so, most people in the United States, Canada, and Europe didn’t think much about what to
wear to work in an office. Men always wore suits and ties. Women wore suits or conservative skirt outfits. But in the
1990s, that started to change.
It began with “casual Fridays”. During the summer, some companies invited their employees to “dress down”,
or wear more casual clothes to work on Fridays. The policy quickly became popular with employees. After this, it didn’t
take long for employees to start dressing more casually every day of the week.
Many employees welcomed the new dress policy and the more comfortable work environment that came with
it. Etiquette had definitely changed, and suits and ties were rarely seen in many offices. Some employees went as far as
wearing jeans, T-shirts, and sneakers to the office. Many people felt that casual clothes made the workplace a friendlier
place. Coworkers were more relaxed with each other. People enjoyed coming to work knowing it was a comfortable
place to be.
Then some people began to change their minds about casual dress at work. Many managers felt that casual dress
had led to casual attitudes toward work. Some people started to notice an increase in employees being late for work. If
“clothes make the man”, as the saying goes, then casual clothes make a casual person become less committed to company
productivity and quality.
One of the biggest reasons why there have been such mixed opinions about dressing down is that there is no real
standard for appropriate casual dress. Is it shorts. T-shirts, brightly coloured tops, and flip-flops? Is it designer jeans,
polo shirts, and trendy sneakers? Is it khakis and sport jackets? Or are Hawaiian shirts and torn jeans OK? Without
casual dress code policy, the etiquette for dress in many companies is beginning to change back to more formal business
attire - a style that everyone understands.
1. Thirty years ago or so, people working in offices in the United States, Canada, and Eiurope _______ .
A. didn’t know what to wear to work in an office B. changed their clothes in the 1990s
C. tended to wear in a more formal way D. wore the same whether male or female
2. When the policy of “casual Fridays” became popular, employees _______.
A. started dressing more casually on weekdays B. started wearing more casually on Fridays
C. wore casual clothes to work in summer D. got dressed as formally as possible in offices
3. Many employees welcomed the new dress policy because _______.
A. casual clothes made co-workers more relaxed after work
B. people enjoyed coming to work with suits and tics
C. they enjoyed wearing torn jeans, T-shirts all the week
D. they enjoyed the more comfortable work environment
4. Many managers felt that the new dress policy _______.
A. brought many benefits to their companies B. had some negative impact on their companies
C. increased company productivity and quality D. led to casual attitudes toward “clothes make the man”
5. The viewpoint that the writer certainly supports is that _______ .
A. there should be a casual dress code policy at work
B. employees have to wear formal business clothes
C. people should wear Hawaiian shirts and torn jeans to work
D. it’s not necessary to have standards for casual clothes
Exercise 10 : Read the passage about superstitions around the world, and then answer the questions.
Superstitions Around the World
In Brazil, it's bad luck to let your wallet or purse hit the floor, as it means you will lose money.
In China, the number 4 is incredibly unlucky, as the Chinese pronunciation of the number is similar to that of
the word "death".
In Denmark, they save broken dishes all year long to throw at the houses of friends and family on New Year's
Eve. It's believed that the larger the amount of porcelain, the more good luck the recipients will have in the New Year.
In Egypt, it's viewed as frightfully bad luck to open and close scissors without cutting anything, and even worse
to leave them open. However, the Egyptian also believe that scissors under a pillow can cure a person of their nightmares.

In India, they have very specific rules about tidying. You must not trim your nails on Tuesday and Saturday (or
at night), nor can you cut or wash your hair on Thursday and Saturday. It is generally believed that trimming nails at
night leads to sweeping, which could then lead to the loss of small valuables. Thursday may have historically been a day
off for barbers, and Saturday is the day of Saturn (Planet Shani), a respected celestial body to the ancient Hindus.
In Viet Nam, many foods are avoided by students hoping to do well in school or on exams. Bananas, for example,
are avoided by students because they are slippery, and the Vietnamese word for "slip" sounds exactly the same as the
Vietnamese word for "fail".
In South Korea, it is believed that running a fan in a closed room while sleeping will kill you.
In Turkey, it’s bad form to chew gum at night, as the Turkish believe that after dark, the gum essentially becomes
the flesh of dead people.
1. Why is it bad luck to let your wallet or purse hit the floor?
Because it means you will lose money.
2. In which countries do some superstitions come from the similar pronunciation of words?
They are in China and Viet Nam.
3. In which countries are some superstitions related to a certain type of sweets?
It is in Turkey.
4. In Egypt, which good luck and bad luck do scissors bring to you?
Opening and closing scissors without cutting anything, or leaving them open brings you bad luck, but scissors
under a pillow can cure a person of their nightmares.
5. In which countries do some superstitions have religious reasons? It is in India.
6. On which day can people in India have their hair cut? It is on Thurday.
7. In which country may people use the device - automatic shutoff timers? It is in South Korea.
8. What will people do with broken dishes in Denmark? What do they believe?
In Denmark, they save broken dishes all year long to throw at the houses of friends and family on New Year's Eve. It's
believed that the larger the amount of porcelain, the more good luck the recipients will have in the New Year.

1. A. engaged B. favourable C. status D. national
2. A. contrast B. force C. fortune D. Capricorn
3. A. ancestor B. complicated C. reception D. decide
4. A. influence B. typical C. dependent D. character
5. A. ritual B. diverse C. affect D. belief
6. People from ______ cultures bring language skills, new ways of thinking, and creative solutions to difficult problems.
A. diverse B. diversity C. diversify D. diversification
7. No one knows the real origins of the Chinese ______ representing the cycles of the lunar year.
A. stars B. space C. horoscope D. cycle
8. In every culture, there are basic standards for social ______ such as personal space distance, eye contact, amount of
body language displayed in public.
A. relationship B. relation C. reaction D. interaction
9. UN World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development on May 21st is a chance to celebrate the cultural
diversity of people around us. and find out more about what we have ______.
A. in common B. as usual C. as normal D. alike
10. Many people believe that the first person who visits their home on the first day of the New Year will ____ their life.
A. effect B. affect C. change D. afford
11. Before the wedding, the groom usually asks his best friend to be his ____, and the bride may have one or more ____.
A. closest man - best maids B. good man — best maids
C. best man - bridesmaids D. best man - housemaids
12. In Russia, there is ______ belief that unmarried people should avoid sitting at ______ corner of ______ table because
they will find difficulties finding their life partner and will not get married.
A. a - a - a B. a - a - the C. a - the - the D. the - the - the
13. In Portugal, walking backwards will bring bad luck, because it paves ______ way for devil to enter.
A. a - a B. the - the C. a - the D. the - a
14. Cultural diversity makes our country ______ by making it a ______ place in which to live.
A. richer - most interesting B. richer - more interesting
C. rich - more interesting D. richest - most interesting
15. There are some things Americans would change, and ______ thing people would change is their education.
A. a big B. the C. a bigger D. the biggest
IV. Fill in each blank with the correct word from the box.
25. rounds 24. reception 21. respects 17. bride 19. presents
18. wealth 23. home 16. ceremonies 20. luck 22. marriage
Vietnamese Wedding Customs
The wedding consists of several (16) ______ including asking permission to receive the bride, the procession to
receive the bride, the procession to the groom's house, the ancestor ceremony, and the banquet party.
In the morning, the groom’s mother and a few close relatives would walk to the bride’s house with a present of betel
to ask permission to receive the (17) ______ at her house. The date and time of the ceremony is usually determined by
a Buddhist monk or fortune teller.
In the procession to receive the bride, the groom and his family often carry decorated lacquer boxes covered in red
cloth to represent his (18) ______ and which include various (19) ______ for the bride’s family. There are either 6 or 8
boxes, but never 7 because it is bad (20) ______ .
After paying their (21) ______ to their ancestors, the bride and groom will serve tea to their parents who will then
give them advice regarding (22) ______ and family. During the candle ceremony, the bride and groom’s families union
is celebrated and the mother-in-law of the bride will open the boxes filled with jewelry and dress her new daughter-in-
law in the jewelry.
Finally, the groom officially asks for permission to take his new bride (23) ______ and they make their way back to
his house. During the (24) ______, there is usually a 10-course meal and the bride and groom make their ______ to each
table to express their gratitude and also get money as presents.
Cultural diversity means a (26) ______ of different societies or people of different origins, religions and traditions
all living and interacting together. Britain has (27) ______ from diversity throughout its long history and is currently
one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world.
The food they eat, the music they listen to, and the clothes they wear have all been influenced by different (28)
______ coming into Britain. Ethnic food, for example, is part of an average British diet. One of Britain’s favourite (29)
______ is Indian curry. Britons have enjoyed curry for a surprisingly long time - the (30) ______ curry went on an
English menu in 1773.
Even the English language (31) ______ from the languages spoken by Anglo-Saxons, Scandinavian Vikings and
Norman French invaders. New words were (32) ______ from the languages of other immigrants over the years.
Valuing the diverse culture is all about understanding and respecting the beliefs of others and their (33) ______ of
life, as we would expect someone to respect ours. It is about supporting individuals in keeping their cultural traditions
(34) ______ and appreciating the fact that all these different traditions will enrich British life both today and in the
future.
People from all over the world have (35) ______ to the Britain and they continue to do so.
26. A. range B. limit C. position D. series
27. A. earned B. helped C. benefited D. got
28. A. nations B. cultures C. countries D. population
29. A. food B. foods C. ingredients D. dishes
30. A. first B. only C. even D. just
31. A. developed B. started C. came D. took
32. A. increased B. put C. added D. caught
33. A. quality B. way C. design D. method
34. A. live B. lively C. life D. alive
35. A. achieved B. provided C. contributed D. given
While you may not think it at first, there are numerous cultural differences between the US and the UK that you will
likely encounter.
In general, Americans are much more open than Britons. Friends and even acquaintances discuss personal thoughts
and opinions that might seem private in the UK. Do not feel embarrassed if an American asks you a seemingly private
question. He or she is most likely sincerely curious about your thoughts and feelings and is assuming you would like to
share them.
You may learn more about your American friends than you wanted to know, or you may hear more childhood stories
than you care to listen to. Americans will be interested in your experiences and background as well since your upbringing
may differ greatly from theirs. In addition to more frequent discussion about their personal lives, there is often a greater
display of photographs, and posters in dorm rooms or office spaces.
The sense of humour differs from one side of the Atlantic to the other. Americans tend to be less dry or sarcastic.
Some Americans may feel offended if they do not understand your humour, but after a brief explanation they will be
laughing along with you.
Americans tend to believe that individuals control their circumstances by how much they work. This work ethic is
reflected in American attitudes towards academics. Don’t be surprised if you meet students who spend a vast majority
of their free time studying in the library.
Americans also tend to care much more for punctuality than their UK counterparts. Everything from classes to a
lunch date is expected to start right on time. Along with punctuality, most Americans move at a faster pace than that in
the UK. For example, dinners at a restaurant, even a sit-down restaurant, can be finished in under a half-hour.
Additionally, you will not have to ask for the bill. It will be brought to you as soon as it is clear to your waiter or waitress
that you are finished ordering more items.
36. Americans arc more willing to share private matters with you because ________ .
A. they would like to ask private questions about others
B. they are more open and more curious about things around them
C. they try to be more open than Britons in life
D. they assume you would like to share everything with them
37. One of the reasons why Americans are interested in your experiences and background is that ________.
A. they would like to tell their childhood stories more than you care to listen to
B. they would like to show you their photographs, and posters
C. they would like to know about a different upbringing than theirs
D. they would like to talk more about their personal lives than anything else
38. The American attitudes toward work or study are that ________.
A. they spend their free time studying anywhere
B. individuals should control their behaviours and free time
C. they move at a faster pace than in the UK
D. they attach more importance to the load of work
39. All of the following about Americans are right EXCEPT ________ .
A. most Americans walk faster than those in the UK
B. they tend to be more punctual than Britons
C. their sense of humour is different than that of Britons
D. they’ll be laughing with you if they understand your humour
40. When you come to a restaurant in America ________.
A. you have to finish dinner in less than half an hour and ask for the bill
B. the waiter may bring the bill to you just when you finish ordering dishes
C. you should care much more for punctuality than in Britain
D. you should show the waiter that you finish ordering in under a half-hour
VII. SPEAKING : Choose the best answer to complete the conversation.
41. “I can’t stop worrying about my exam tomorrow.” -“_______”
A. That’s all right, never mind. B. Congratulations!
C. Don’t mention it. D. I’m sure you’ll do well.
42. “Could I use your dictionary?” -“_______”
A. Yes. Go ahead! B. Thanks. You too. C. That’s a nice idea. D. It doesn’t matter.
43. “Would you like tea or coffee?” -“_______”
A. I'd rather coffee, please. B. I’m glad you like it.
C. Thanks. The same to you. D. I’d prefer coffee, please.
44. “I'm sorry, but I can’t go out with you today!” -“_______”
A. That’s alright. Another time, perhaps! B. No, there’s no need. Thanks.
C. It’s a pleasure. Don’t mention it. D. That’s very kind of you. Thanks.
45. “Betty, make me some tea, will you ?” - “______”
A. No, I will, I’m afraid. B. I can’t, I’m afraid. C. That’s very kind of you. D. Yes, go ahead.
46. “Make yourself at home!” –“______”
A. Don’t mention it. B. I’m sorry to hear that.
C. That’s very kind. Thanks. D. No, there’s no need. Thanks.
47. “Would you mind putting my case on the rack?” -“______”
A. That’s right.
C. Don’t mention it. D. Not too bad. Thanks.
48. “I hope the weather will be fine during our holidays!” -“______”
A. Never mind. B. Oh, what a pity! C. Yes, go ahead. D. So do I.
49. “What’s the matter with you?” “________”
A. I’ve just passed the final examination. B. I’ve got a terrible headache.
C. Sure. I’m happy with it. D. You are welcome.
50. “How about going out for a walk?” “_________”
A. Very well, thanks. And you? B. Thanks a lot.
C. Never mind. D. That’s a good idea.

UNIT 8. NEW WAYS TO LEARN

I. VOCABULARY :
- access (v) /ˈækses/ : truy cập
- application (n) /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ : ứng dụng
- concentrate (v) + on /ˈkɒnsntreɪt/ : tập trung
 concentration (n) /,kɔnsen'treiʃn/ : sự tập trung
- device (n) /dɪˈvaɪs/ : thiết bị
- digital (a) /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ : kỹ thuật số
- disadvantage (n) /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ : nhược/ khuyết điểm = drawback (n)
- advantage (n) /əb'vɑ:ntidʤ/ : ưu điểm = benefit (n)
- educate (v) /ˈedʒukeɪt/ : giáo dục
 education (n) /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ : nền giáo dục
 educational (a) /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl/ : có tính/thuộc giáo dục
- fingertip (n) /ˈfɪŋɡətɪp/ : đầu ngón tay
- identify (v) /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ : nhận dạng
 identifiable (a) /ai'dentifaiəbl/ : có thể nhận ra
 identification (n) /ai,dentifi'keiʃn/ : sự nhận dạng
- improve (v) /ɪmˈpruːv/ : cải thiện/tiến
 improvement (n) /ɪmˈpruːv.mənt/ : sự cải tiến
- instruction (n) /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/ : sự hướng/chỉ dẫn
 instruct (v) + to /in'strʌkt/ : chỉ dạy, hướng dẫn
- native (a) /ˈneɪtɪv/ : bản ngữ
- portable (a) /ˈpɔːtəbl/ : xách tay, có thể mang theo
- software (n) /ˈsɒftweə(r)/ : phần mềm
- syllable (n) /ˈsɪləbl/ : âm tiết
- technology (n) /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ : công nghệ
 technological (a) /,teknə'lɔdʤikəl/ : thuộc công nghệ
 technologically (adv) /ˈtek.nəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kli/ : một cách công nghệ
- touch screen (n.phr) /tʌtʃskriːn/ : màn hình cảm ứng
- voice recognition (n.phr) /vɔɪsˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/ : nhận dạng giọng nói
II. GRAMMAR :
RELATIVE CLAUSES (Mệnh đề quan hệ)
1. CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ:
a. WHO:
- làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
….. N (person) + WHO + V + O
b. WHOM:
- làm túc từ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
…..N (person) + WHOM + S + V
c. WHICH:
- làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật
….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O
….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V
d. THAT:
- có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
* Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”:
- khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất
- khi đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last
- khi danh từ đi trước bao gồm cả người và vật
- khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything,
anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none.
Ex: He was the most interesting person that I have ever met.
It was the first time that I heard of it.
These books are all that my sister left me.
She talked about the people and places that she had visited.
* Các trường hợp không dùng that:
- trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
- sau giới từ
e. WHOSE:
- Dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his, their, hoặc hình thức‘s
…..N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V ….
f. WHY:
- Mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that reason.
…..N (reason) + WHY + S + V …
Ex: I don’t know the reason. You didn’t go to school for that reason.
→ I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go to school.
g. WHERE:
- Thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there
….N (place) + WHERE + S + V ….
(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ex: The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed t that hotel.
→ The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
→ The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t very clean.
h. WHEN:
- Thay thế từ chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then
….N (time) + WHEN + S + V …
(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ex: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.
→ Do you still remember the day when we first met?
→ Do you still remember the day on which we first met?
2. CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:
a. Mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định (Defining relative clause):
- Được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ không xác định.
Ex: The city which I visited last summer is very beautiful.
(Defining relative clause)
b. Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định (Non-defining relative clause):
- Được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ xác định.
Ex: Dalat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful.
(Non-defining relative clause)
 Note : Để biết khi nào dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta lưu ý các điểm sau:
- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một danh từ riêng
- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their)
- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa la một danh từ đi với this , that, these, those
3. MỘT SỐ LƯU Ý TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:
a. Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom
và which.)
Ex: Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.
→ Mr. Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher.
→ Mr. Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher.
b. Có thể dùng which thay cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước.
Ex: She can’t come to my birthday party. That makes me sad.
→ She can’t come to my birthday party, which makes me sad.
c. Ở vị trí túc từ, whom có thể được thay bằng who.
Ex: I’d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party.
III. EXERCISE :
Exercise 1 : Match the phrases in column A with appropriate information in column B, and write the answers
(A-H) in the blanks. (More than one answer is possible.)
A B
1. You can improve your English accent ... B, E, H A. by doing translation exercises.
2. A good way to learn idioms is ... A, C, F B. by talking to native English speakers.
3. You can improve your writing skills ... A C. by reading magazines in English.
4. A good way to learn new vocabulary is ... D D. by studying a “learner’s dictionary.”
5. You can learn to read faster ... E E. by practising conversations with a partner
6. One way of practising conversations is … B F. by watching British films.
7. You can learn to use grammar correctly... G G. by having a private tutor.
8. You can develop self-confidence in speaking English ... E H. by talking to yourself in the shower.
1. One of the functions of computer, which only some people know, is to do … calculations ….. (calculate)
2. Voice …… recognition ….. is the app which helps some types of smartphone attracts customers. (recognize)
3. She had a …… disruptive ….. influence on the rest of the class, as her phone rang suddenly. (disrupt)
4. Accessing to … inappropriate ….. information harms your mental health. (appropriate)
5. Some people support the view that …… personal.. electronic devices may bring more harm than good to students.
(person)
6. An Iphone 6 is said to offer a lot of useful …… applications ….. for learning and entertaining. (apply)
7. Nowadays, …… communication ….. between people around the world is becoming much more convenient thanks
to the aid of modem technology. (communicate)
8. She was … disappointed ….. with her son because he overused the Internet and did not concentrate on his study.
(appoint)
9. In order to make language learning more … effective….. you must choose a device which is suitable for your
learning style. (effect)
10. Your … pronunciation ….. which affects your speaking achievement, can be improved by taking advantage of
some types of software. (pronounce)
Exercise 3 : Choose the best answer :
1. This is the place _________ I met my wife.
A. what B. where C. which D. that
2. Simon is the man _________ Mary loves.
A. who B. which C. whom D. A&C
3. My wife, _________ is a doctor, works at Community Hospital.
A. who B. which C. whom D. that
4. Only one of the people _________ work in the company is qualified.
A. what B. which C. who D. where
5. She is the one _________ I told you about.
A. what B. which C. whose D. who
6. Those _________ had studied hard passed their exams.
A. what B. which C. who D. whose
7. The magazine _________ you lent me is interesting.
A. what B. which C. whom D. whose
8. The man _________ is resting is very tired.
A. what B. which C. whom D. who
9. The boy _________ sat next to you is my friend.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
10. We are using books _________ were printed last year.
A. what B. who C. which D. whose
11. The painting_________Ms. Wallace bought was very expensive.
A. whom B. whose C. which D. where
12. The homeless people_____story appeared in the paper last week have now found a place to live.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
13. __________ is your favourite sport, swimming or running.
A. What B. Which C. Whom D. Whose
14. Were the Wright brothers the ones __________built the first aeroplane?
A. which B. whom C. whose D. that
15. I don't like stories________ have unhappy endings.
A. where B. which C. they D. who
16. The periodic table contains all the elements, ______ has a particular atomic weight and atomic number.
A. which of each B. each of which C. which each D. each
17. Ansel Adams was a landscape photographer ________ photographs of the western United States show nature on a
grand scale.
A. whose B. of whom C. of his D. his
18. Jan didn't check she had enough petrol before she left, ________ was careless of her.
A. what B. it C. that D. which
19. This is a town ________ many people live.
A. in which B. which C. at which D. on which
20. She, ________ is your sister, lives far away.
A. which B. who C. whom D. she

21. He is the man _______ son is a doctor
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
22. Alaska, __________ my brother lives, is the largest state in the United States.
A. which B. where C. w ho D. All are correct
23. Tell me the reason ____________ you were absent yesterday.
A. where B. when C. why D. that
24. There was a time __________ dinosaurs dominated the earth.
A. which B. when C. that D. A & B
25. The house in ________ I was born and grew up was destroyed in an earthquake ten years ago.
A. which B. where C. that D. All are correct
26. Summer is the time of the year _________ the weather is the hottest.
A. when B. which C. that D. B & C
27. This is Henry, __________ sister works for my father.
A. who B. whose C. that D. A & C
28. He told her about the book. He liked it best.
A. He told her about the book which he liked it best. B. He told her about the book which he liked best.
C. He told her about the book whom he liked best. D. He told her about the book whose he liked best.
29. The man is my teacher. I am grateful to him.
A. The man whom I grateful to him is my teacher. B. The man is my teacher who I am grateful.
C. The man whom I am grateful to is my teacher D. The man to him I am grateful is my teacher.
30. Ngoc is friendly. We are talking about her.
A. Ngoc, we are talking about, is friendly. C. Ngoc, about her we are talking, is friendly.
B. Ngoc, whom we are talking about is friendly D. Ngoc, about whom we are talking, is friendly
Exercise 4 : Read the text carefully, and do the tasks that follow.
From slates to iPads... Language learning then, now and in the future
Then...
It’s 6 a.m. on a Monday morning 500 years ago - time for lessons to start at a local grammar school. The main
aim of the lesson is to study the grammar of Latin - the international language of the time (in Europe, at least) and the
language of all university courses. The pupils are all boys - if girls receive any education at all, they get it at home. The
boys take out their slates - there will be no pencil and paper until the 19™ century. They learn grammatical rules and
translate sentences, and the boys have to speak Latin at all times. If they fail at all, their punishment is up to 50 strokes
of the cane!
Now...
No one knows how many people are learning English today - one estimate is one billion people, or a third of the
world’s population. Technology has become more and more important in how people learn: cassettes (which first became
popular in the 1970s), CDs and video have brought ‘real English’ into the classroom.
Many classrooms have Internet access, video facilities, and interactive whiteboards. But in most cases, one thing
hasn’t changed... there’s still a teacher!
In the future...
Who knows what the language classroom of 2050 will be like? Many people think that textbooks might be a
thing of the past very soon. And many classrooms won’t have cassettes or CDs in the near future. Will students use
iPads or smartphones instead of pen and paper? Will computers replace teachers? Other people think that English might
not be as popular as it is now. Will Chinese, perhaps, or even a completely new international language designed by
computers replace English? There is one thing that is for sure: technology will be at the centre of tomorrow’s language
education.
Task 1: Decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). T F
1. Latin used to be the language of all university courses in Europe. X
2. Students studied a lot of practical skills and knowledge with their slates. X
3. In the past, students studied in a simple setting and punishment was sometimes very severe. X
4. Modern educational devices will be used more in classrooms. X
5. English will be the international language for all countries in the world. X
6. Technology has played a more important role in education. X
Task 2: Read the text again. Match the sentence halves.
A B
7. Another language might replace English E a. about 50 years ago
8. People started using audio cassettes A b. in the 16th century
9. Latin was the international language B c. in the 19lh century
10. People started using pencil and paper C d. very soon
11. About one billion people study English F e. some time in the future
12. Textbooks might disappear D f. now

Electronic Devices That Help You Learn English
There are many ways to learn English. With the increase in new technology, many companies are now providing
new electronic devices to help people learn English more quickly.
You can download the lessons from an English translation Internet site and put them on your iPod. Because it
is portable, you can listen and learn anywhere.
English audio tapes and English audio CDs are a great method of learning English. All you need is a cassette or
CD player. You can learn in many locations including your car.
An electronic translator or electronic dictionary is an excellent tool one can use when traveling on a vacation,
on a business trip, studying languages, conversing with foreign people, and in a variety of other situations. Many devices
have a number of attributes that include advanced text-to-speech and voice recognition technologies. There are many
good- quality electronic dictionaries on the market. Depending on which one you purchase, there is an extensive range
of vocabulary that can include up to one million words or more. There are also electronic dictionaries that contain
common expressions and phrases, grammar references, and much more. Two popular hand-held English electronic
dictionaries include the Talking Electronic Dictionary and the Audio Phrasebook. They include hundreds of thousands
of words, definitions, and thesaurus entries. You can view the word on the screen and hear it spoken. It is likely that you
have your own language interpreter. Just speak into the device and you will be provided with an intelligible translation
voice response.
Choosing an electronic device that helps you learn English has made learning and speaking English easier,
faster, and more enjoyable. Before you purchase a device, make sure you research each product to find the English
learning tool that complements your lifestyle.
Task 1: Match a word/phrase in column A with its definition in column B, writing the answer in each blank.
A B
1. extensive (adj) D A. small enough to be held in the hand while being used
2. hand-held (adj) A B. words in groups that have similar meanings
3. thesaurus entries (np) B C. clear enough to be understood
4. interpreter (n) E D. large in amount
5. intelligible (adj) C E. a person whose job is to translate what someone is saying into another language
6. How can you learn English with your iPod?
You can download the lessons from an English translation Internet site and listen and learn anywhere.
7. What is the advantage of a cassette or CD player in learning English?
The advantange is that you can learn in many locations including your car.
8. How can you develop your vocabulary with an electronic dictionary?
They include hundreds of thousands of words, definitions, and thesaurus entries and you can view the word on
the screen and hear it spoken.
9. Can you find a device which can interpret words in your mother tongue into English?
Yes, they are the Talking Electronic Dictionary and the Audio Phrasebook.
10. What are the advantages of electronic devices in learning English?
They have made learning and speaking English easier, faster, and more enjoyable.
Exercise 6 : Combine each pair of sentences using relative pronouns
1. The girl is my cousin. She chatted with you yesterday.
→ The girl who chatted with you yesterday is my cousin.
2. The man is very kind. He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen
→ The man spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen is very kind.
3. The young boy is naughty. He rides an expensive motorbike.
→ The young boy rides an expensive motorbike is naughty.
4. I bought a cell phone. I can use it to send and receive e-mail
→ I bought a cell phone which I can use to send and receive e-mail.
5. I’m reading the book. I bought it in 1996.
→ I’m reading the book which I bought in 1996.
6. She hasn’t eaten anything. This makes her parents worried.
→ She hasn’t eaten anything, which makes her parents worried.
7. The man is my teacher. Your father is talking to him.
→ The man whom your father is talking to is my teacher.
8. She works for a company. It makes cars.
→ She works for a company which makes cars.
9. The elephants are big. People keep the elephants in iron cages.
→ The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big.
10. John found the cat. Its leg was broken.
→ John found the cat whose leg was broken.
11. This is the student. I borrowed his book.
→ This is the student whose book I borrowed.
12. The man speaks English very fast. I talked to him last night.
→ The man whom I talked to last night speaks English very fast.
13. He told me the places and people . He had seen them in London.
→ He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.
14. The man is a computer expert. You were talking to him
→ The man whom you were talking to is a computer expert.
15. Mekong Delta is located in the South of Viet Nam. It provides most of the rice for exporting.
→ Mekong Delta which provides most of the rice for exporting is located in the South of Viet Nam.

1. A. mobile B. modern C. electronic D. concentrate
2. A. distract B. tablet C. backpack D. concentrate
3. A. recordings B. educate C. children D. device
4. A. Internet B. effective C. portable D. benefit
5. A. identify B. disadvantage C. technology D. eliminate
6. While a child learns how to use educational ________, she also develops a(n) ________ to analyze, synthesize and
evaluate information.
A. lessons – knowledge B. lessons – ability
C. software – ability D. software – knowledge
7. E-books are typically ________ through a student’s personal device, such as a notebook, tablet or cellphone.
A. addressed B. accessed C. affected D. identified
8. Students can also use word processing applications to ________ their vocabulary.
A. improve B. make C. store D. spend
9. While not all apps are ________ on Android devices, the large majority of them can be accessed on iPhones, iPads,
and iPods.
A. used B. reached C. available D. present
10. When used the right way, mobile technology has the ________ to help students learn more and understand that
knowledge.
A. achievement B. success C. development D. potential
11. A teacher can create a classroom blog ________ they post notes and assignments for students.
A. where B. which C. when D. whose
12. Students ________ seem to be taking notes on their laptop are sometimes surfing the Internet in class.
A. who B. which C. whose D. they
13. Notebooks, tablets and cellphones are all technology ________ students are accustomed to and can use as learning
aids.
A. it B. this C. that D. one
14. All smartphones ________ storage hardware is big can store downloaded audio books.
A. which B. who C. whose D. that
15. Science teachers ________ use the 3D projectors and other electronic devices can easily illustrate the lessons.
A. whom B. what C. who D. whose
IV. Fill in each blank in the following passage with the correct word from the box.
22. dictionaries 25. effort 19. homework 23. backpack 17. benefits
18. information 20. software 24. games 16. tools 21. purposes
Modern devices have changed our ways of learning, especially in learning English. Nowadays, there are more
and more people using electronic devices as learning (16) ________.
Using electronic devices brings us many (17) ________. First of all, it is an effective way to learn English. You
can easily share (18) ________ about the lessons through your PC, laptop, and smartphone to your friends just in a few
minutes. You can also submit your (19) ________ to your teacher by this way too. Moreover, on the Internet, there are
thousands of useful applications (apps) and (20) ________ which are updated every day to serve your learning (21)
________. You can download some apps to learn English and other languages, and (22) ________ to look up for the
words which you don’t know. Besides that, using your tablets or smartphones in learning helps you lighten your (23)
________. You don’t have to bring so many books to school anymore because we can store every book in our own
devices.
Modern devices make learning and teaching English more convenient and interesting. Teachers will teach their
students through music, pictures, films and (24) ________. By that, students will find that English is fun, easy, so they
will make much (25) ________ to study it.
Technology has become an essential (26) ________ in our lives. Schools should find ways of integrating new
technologies into classrooms so that students find it easy to learn new subjects as well as (27) ________ teachers to
explain subjects in detail using visual formats. Using technological devices like computers will (28) ________ education
more fun and interesting for the students. The past ten years (29) ________ tremendous change in educational
technologies and it is time to bring these technologies to our students in the classroom so that they learn easily and
efficiently. Teachers will need to learn how to use these technologies so that they (30) ________ their students on how
to use them.
We have seen that private business community has found ways of improving the way we learn by creating
educational applications for (31) ________ computers and mobile phones. With a good use of these applications, schools
can improve on how students learn and how they get (32) ________ academic information.
New applications like YouTube can be used in video and visual education. If a student can learn (33) ________
visual or video illustrations, they will always remember that subject being explained, because the brain can easily
understand and remember visual objects.
The development of online and offline educational (34) ________ will make learning so simple. Now it is (35)
________ to apply these educational technologies in the classroom and make learning easier.
26. A. instrument B. equipment C. machine D. tool
27. A. enable B. enables C. make D. makes
28. A. add B. put C. cause D. make
29. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. has seen
30. A. ask B. teach C. learn D. request
31. A. only B. either C. both D. not only
32. A. access to B. possibility of C. method D. right about
33. A. about B. through C. of D. for
34. A. settings B. sights C. surroundings D. environments
35. A. up to our B. time to us C. up to us D. in time
VI. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, c or D for each question.
Use An Electronic Dictionary To Improve Your Vocabulary
A Franklin electronic dictionary is actually a helpful gadget to possess with you all of the time. Any device
involving dictionaries is great to use for people who go out of their country on business trips. Tourists would also benefit
very much from such a device.
Moreover, students will also find this gadget helpful especially whenever they are studying an important foreign
language in another country. There is also a great diversity of dictionaries that anybody can choose whichever works to
them best.
These dictionaries are also quite easy to use and incorporate various functions. Some of them are main functions,
besides translating a foreign word, which would be to provide spelling check-ups, find the meaning and synonyms
connected with any particular word as well as provide examples of how a word is used in a sentence. A typical Franklin
electronic dictionary is more than that. By entering the meaning of a word of mouth, you would have the ability to pull
up many words that you are researching for.
There is a comprehensive database that comprises about 1,000,000 words and phrase replacements. It also comes
with idiomatic expressions, professional medical, technical words or ones very popular for business. It is also ideal for
professionals who have to work in a country accompanied by a different language.
Franklin Electronic Marketers have been among the leading manufacturers regarding handheld electronic inventions. Its
main office is situated in Burlington, New Jersey and has been around the business of creating these electronic tools
since 1981.
Some of the original devices that they produced included punctuation correctors, of the fact that first was all the
Spelling Ace built in 1986. These devices were a great aid to students all over the globe.
The company continues to service clients from everywhere. Although they are popular in the world, especially
targeting the particular Hispanic market whose native language is Spanish; Franklin’s products are also quite well-known
for Asia, particularly Japan. The company aims to address this growing importance of language tools as more people
are aiming to learn about new languages.
36. With the diversity of this type of dictionaries, we can choose ________ .
A. the one that has the largest vocabulary B. the one that suits US best
C. the one that is portable D. the one that is handy and cheap
37. The electronic dictionary has various functions because it can ________.
A. translate foreign words, check spelling, give meanings and synonyms, and the use of them
B. explain how a word is employed in a sentence and correct punctuation in sentences
C. enter the meaning of a word of mouth and get so many words related
D. expand a wide range to suit various people’s preferences
38. The database of the dictionary includes all the following EXCEPT ________.
A. about 1,000,000 words and word and phrase replacements
B. idiomatic expressions or ones very popular for business
C. technical terms in various fields and internet lingo
D. professional medical, technical words
39. The Franklin electronic dictionary are very popular all over the world, especially in ________.
A. Europe and Asia B. South America and Asia
C. Burlington, New Jersey D. Japan
40. The word “professionals” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. people who are very good at languages
B. people who work in foreign countries
C. people who often use modern electronic dictionaries
D. people with a high level of education and training
VII. SPEAKING :
41. “Thank you so much for your instructions.” -“________”
A. That’s right. B. Yes, of course.
C. Not too bad. Thanks. D. No problem. That’s what I’m here for.
42. “Today’s my birthday!” -“________”
A. Oh, dear. It is! B. Many happy returns!
C. It’s my pleasure. Thanks. D. That’s a good idea!
43. “Can I get you another drink?” -“_______”
A. I’m sorry to hear that. B. No, thanks.
C. Don’t mention it. D. Yes, here you are.
44.“I hope our team will win the championship this year.” “_______”
A. It’s my pleasure. B. Oh, what a pity!
C. So I will. D. So do I.
45. “Did you have a good trip?” –“______”
A. Yes, not too bad. Thanks. C. Thanks. That would be nice.
C. Thanks. You too. D. There’s no need. Thanks.
46. What’s your favorite hobby?” –“______”
A. Yes, it is. B. It’s not mine. Sorry.
C. Not at all. Thanks. D. It’s fishkeeping.
47. –“Is it all right if I use your computer?” -“________”
A. I’m glad you liked it. B. That would be nice.
C. Please, accept it with my best wishes. D. Sure, go ahead.
48. “How kind, you really shouldn’t have bothered.” –“________”
A. It was nothing, really. B. Yes, not too bad. Thanks.
C. Don’t worry, I didn’t bother. D. Yes, here you are.
49. - Shall we go to the shop now? - “___________”.
A. I’m too tired now B. They’re very good
C. Not at all D. No, let’s
50. - $500 is too expensive. - “___________”.
A. Not many B. Why not?
C. What’s the matter? D. I agree
UNIT 9. PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT

I. VOCABULARY :
- aquatic (a) /əˈkwætɪk/ : dưới nước, sống ở trong nước
- article (n) /ˈɑːtɪkl/ : bài báo
- chemical (a) /ˈkemɪkl/ (n)/ : hóa chất, hóa học
- confuse (v) /kənˈfjuːz/ : làm lẫn lộn, nhầm lẫn
 confusion (n) /kənˈfjuːʒn/ : sự lẫn lộn, nhầm lẫn
- consumption (n) /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ : sự tiêu thụ, tiêu dùng
- contaminate (v) /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ : làm bẩn, nhiễm
 contamination (n) /kən,tæmi'neiʃn/ : sự ô nhiễm = pollution (n)
- damage (v) /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ : làm hại, làm hỏng
- deforestation (n) /ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ : sự phá rừng, sự phát quang
- degraded (adj) /dɪˈɡreɪd/ : giảm sút chất lượng
- deplete (v) /dɪˈpliːt/ : làm suy yếu, cạn kiệt
depletion (n) /dɪˈpliːʃn/ : sự suy yếu, cạn kiệt
- destruction (n) /dɪˈstrʌkʃn/ : sự phá hủy, sự tiêu diệt
 destroy (v) /dis'trɔi/ : phá huỷ
 destructive (a) /dis'trʌktiv/ : phá hoại, phá huỷ
- ecosystem (n) /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ : hệ sinh thái
- editor (n) /ˈedɪtə(r)/ : biên tập viên
- fertilizer (n) /ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)/ : phân bón
- fossil fuel (n.phr) /'fɔsl fjuəl/ : nhiên liệu hóa thạch
- global warming (n.phr) /ˈɡləʊblˈwɔːmɪŋ/ : sự nóng lên toàn cầu
- greenhouse effect (n.phr) /ˈɡriːnhaʊsɪˈfekt/ : hiệu ứng nhà kính
- influence (v, + to ; n) /ˈɪn.flu.ənts/ : ảnh hưởng, tác dụng
- inorganic (adj) /ˌɪnɔːˈɡænɪk/ : vô cơ
- long-term (adj) /ˌlɒŋ ˈtɜːm/ : dài hạn, lâu dài
- mass-media (n.phr) /ˌmæs ˈmiːdiə/ : phương tiện thông tin đại chúng
- pesticide (n) /ˈpestɪsaɪd/ : thuốc trừ sâu
- polar ice melting /ˈpəʊlə(r)aɪsˈmeltɪŋ/ : sự tan băng ở địa cực
- pollute (v) /pəˈluːt/ : gây ô nhiễm
 pollutant (n) /pəˈluːtənt/ : chất ô nhiễm
 pollution (n) /pəˈluːʃn/ : sự ô nhiễm
- preserve (v) /prɪˈzɜːv/ : giữ gìn, bảo tồn
 preservation (n) /ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/ : sự bảo tồn, duy trì
- protect (v) /prəˈtekt/ : bảo vệ, che chở
 protection (n) /prəˈtekʃn/ : sự bảo vệ, che chở
- sewage (n) /ˈsuːɪdʒ/ : nước cống
- solution (n) /səˈluːʃn/ : giải pháp, cách giải quyết
 solve (v) /sɔlv/ : giải quyết
- vegetation (n) /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn/ : cây cỏ, thực vật = flora (n)
II. GRAMMAR :
REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)
❖ LÝ THUYẾT CƠ BẢN :
* Các bước chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp :
B1 : Xác định động từ tường thuật, nếu động từ tường thuật :
+ Ở thì hiện tại (đơn, tiếp diễn, hoàn thành) hoặc tương lai đơn thì không đổi thì của câu tường thuật.
+ Ở thì quá khứ (đơn, tiếp diễn, hoàn thành) thì đổi thì (lùi 01 thì) của câu tường thuật.
DIRECT INDIRECT
Simple present (Hiện tại đơn) Simple past
V1 /Vs(es) V2 / V-ed
Present progressive (Hiện tại tiếp diễn) Past progressive
am/is/are + V-ing was / were + V-ing
Present perfect (Hiện tại hoàn thành) Past perfect
have/has + P.P had + V3/ed
Present perfect progressive (Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn) Past perfect progressive
have/has been +V-ing had been + V-ing
Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) Past perfect
V2 / -ed had + V3/ed
Past progressive (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) Past perfect progressive
was / were + V-ing had been +V-ing
Modal Verbs Past modals
will / can / may + Vo would / could / might + Vo
must + Vo must / had to + Vo
Is/am/are going to + Vo Was/were going to + Vo
should / ought to + Vo should / ought to + Vo
B2 : Thay đổi ngôi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu)
❖ Đại từ nhân xưng
Chủ ngữ Tân ngữ
Trực tiếp gián tiếp
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
me Him / her
I He, she
us Them
we they
you Them / him / her / me
You They / he / she / I
❖ Tính từ sở hữu
my His / her
our Their
your Their / his / her / my
❖ Đại từ sở hữu
mine Him / hers
ours Theirs
yours Theirs / his / hers
B3 : Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
DIRECT INDIRECT
Now Then
Here There
Ago Before
This / These That / Those
Today / Tonight That day / That night
Yesterday The day before / the previous day
Last year The year before / the previous year
Tomorrow The following day / the next day
Next month The following month / the next month
B4 : Viết lại câu.
❖ CÁC DẠNG CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT :

1. Reporting statements (Câu kể / Câu trần thuật)
Form:
S + say (that)/ say to sb that/ tell sb that + S + …
* Note:
- “should, ought to, would” giữ nguyên trong lời nói gián tiếp
- Động từ “tell” phải có tân ngữ
E.g: She told me that he was a student.
- Động từ “say” có thể có tân ngữ hoặc không. Nếu muốn đề cập đến người nghe, ta dùng “to”.
E.g: She said to me that she was doing the housework.
2. Reporting questions (Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp)

A. Yes/ No questions (Câu hỏi Yes/No)
Form:
S1 + ask + (O) + IF/WHETHER + S2 + V...
E.g: Miss Nga said, “Are you a foreigner?”
=> Miss Nga asked (me) if/ whether I was a foreigner.
B. WH- questions (Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi)

Form:
S1 + ask + (O) + WH- (when, where, how...) + S2 + V...
E.g: “What is your name?” he asked.
=> He asked (me) what my name was.
3. Reporting commands (Câu mệnh lệnh)

Form:
S + tell / ask / order / … + O + (not) + to V + …
E.g: “Don’t talk in the class.” He told me => He told me not to talk in the class.
* Một số trường hợp KHÔNG thay đổi “thì” của động từ:

- Động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn (say/says), hiện tại tiếp diễn (is/ are saying); hiện tại hoàn thành “(have
said/has said); tương lai đơn (will say)
- Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý, sự thật hiển nhiên
- Lời nói trực tiếp là các câu điểu kiện loại II và III
- Lời nói trực tiếp là cấu trúc “Wish + past simple/ past perfect”
- Cấu trúc “Its time/ about time somebody did something”
- Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ khiếm khuyết (could/ would/ should/ might/ ought to/ had better/ used to...)
III. EXERCISE :
Exercise 1 : Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box.
6. forest 8. loss 9. threats 2. ecosystems 5. clearing
3. habitats 1. use 7. farms 10. fauna 4. demand
Agriculture is a major land (1) …………… . Around 50% of the world's habitable land has already been
converted into farming land. Agricultural (2) …………… provide important (3) …………… for many wild plant and
animal species. This is especially the case for traditional farming areas that cultivate diverse species.
However, rising (4) …………… for food and other agricultural products has seen
large-scale (5) …………… of natural habitats to make room for farming.
Recent examples include the conversion of lowland (6) …………… in Indonesia
into oil palm plantations, and of large areas of the Amazon rainforest and Brazilian savanna to soybean and cattle (7)
…………… .
This ongoing habitat (8) …………… threatens entire ecosystems as well as many species. Expanding oil palm
plantations in Indonesia and Malaysia, for example, pose the most significant (9) ………….. to endangered (10)
…………… including Asian elephants, Sumatran rhinoceros, and tigers.
1. When people can understand clearly the … environmental ….. impacts, they will be more aware of conserving
forests. (environment)
2. Because of … deforestation ….., there may be no place for wild animals in the near future. (deforest)
3. … Global ….. warming is said to be one of the reasons for polar ice melting. (globe)
4. Because non-renewable resources are being consumed at a rapid rate, human beings are likely to face fossil fuel ……
depletion ….. . (deplete)
5. Working as a volunteer provides you with opportunities to know more about cultural … diversity ….. (diverse)
6. Air … pollution …….. can cause acid rain which damages water, soil and vegetation. (pollute)
7. The overuse of chemical fertilizers can lead to the decrease of soil …… fertility ….. . (fertilize)
8. Oil is also considered to be one of the …… pollutants ….. which make the water unclean. (pollute)
9. The … destruction ….. of ecosystem of lakes, rivers, seas and forests must be prevented. (destroy)
10. The threat of contaminated environment is becoming … increasingly ….. serious. (increase)
River Pollution
River pollution occurs when pollutants are not removed from sewage and are discharged into the river. River water
is a very important source of freshwater required to sustain life. We need a constant supply of fresh water for drinking,
cooking and washing. Animals living near the river, as well as fishes and aquatic plants, also depend on clean river
water.
When heavy rainfall occurs, pollutants accumulated within the boundaries of the catchment area may be washed
into river channels. These pollutants include a variety of agrochemicals like fertilizers and insecticides.
Waste water containing cleaning detergents, oil and other pollutants like industrial waste may be discharged into
the river channel through our drainage systems. Industrial waste may contain sulfur, resulting in increasing the acidity
of the river water. Sometimes, rubbish such as plastic bags and bottles, are also washed into the river channel.
Task 1: Match a word in column A with its definition in column B, writing the answer in each blank.
A B
1. sustain (v) E A. (about an animal or a plant) living in water
2. aquatic (adj) A B. to increase over a period of time
3. accumulate (v) B C. the area from which rain flows into a river or a lake
4. catchment area (np) C D. a part of a river
5. channel(n) D E. to keep somebody or something alive or healthy
Task 2: Read the passage again, and answer the questions below.
6. When does river pollution occur?
It occurs when pollutants are not removed from sewage and are discharged into the river.
7. What is the important role of fresh water to humans and animals?
It provides a constant supply of fresh water for drinking, cooking and washing to humans and animals depend
on clean river water.
8. What happens when heavy rainfall occurs in a polluted area?
When heavy rainfall occurs, pollutants accumulated within the boundaries of the catchment area may be washed
into river channels.
9. How may waste water be discharged into the river?
It may be discharged into the river channel through our drainage systems.
10. What is the effect of industrial waste on the environment?
It increases the acidity of the river water.
Exercise 4 : Read the passage carefully, and then answer the questions below.
Environmental Impacts of Tourism
Negative impacts from tourism occur when the level of visitor use is greater than the environment's ability to
cope with this use. It can put enormous pressure on an area and lead to impacts such as soil erosion, increased pollution,
discharges into the sea, natural habitat loss, increased pressure on endangered species and heightened vulnerability to
forest fires.
Water, and especially fresh water, is one of the most critical natural resources. The tourism industry generally
overuses water resources for hotels, swimming pools, golf courses and personal use of water by tourists. This can result
in water shortages and degradation of water supplies, as well as generating a greater volume of waste water.
Golf course maintenance can also deplete fresh water resources. In recent years, golf tourism has increased in
popularity and the number of golf courses has grown rapidly. Golf courses require an enormous amount of water every
day and, as with other causes of excessive extraction of water, this can result in water scarcity.
Tourism can create great pressure on local resources like energy, food, and other raw materials that may already
be in short supply. Because of the seasonal character of the industry, many destinations have ten times more inhabitants
in the high season as in the low season. A high demand is placed upon these resources to meet the high expectations of
tourists for proper heating, hot water, etc.
In areas with high concentrations of tourist activities and appealing natural attractions, waste disposal is a serious
problem. In mountain areas, trekking tourists generate a great deal of waste. Tourists on expedition leave behind their
garbage, oxygen cylinders and even camping equipment. Some trails in the Peruvian Andes and in Nepal frequently
visited by tourists have been nicknamed "Coca-Cola trail" and "Toilet paper trail".
1. When do environmental impacts of tourism occur?
Negative impacts from tourism occur when the level of visitor use is greater than the environment's ability to
cope with this use.
2. What impacts does tourism cause in an area?
It causes soil erosion, increased pollution, discharges into the sea, natural habitat loss, increased pressure on
endangered species and heightened vulnerability to forest fires.
3. What effects does the tourism industry leave on water sources?
It causes water shortages and degradation of water supplies, as well as generating a greater volume of waste
water.
4. Why are golf courses harmful to the environment?
Because they require an enormous amount of water every day and, this can result in water scarcity.
5. Why can tourism create great pressure on local resources?
Because a high demand is placed upon these resources to meet the high expectations of tourists.
6. Why do some trails in the Peruvian Andes and in Nepal have the nickname of "Coca-Cola trail" or "Toilet paper trail"?
Because tourists on expedition leave behind their garbage, oxygen cylinders and even camping equipment.
World Environment Day
World Environment Day which is held on 5th June every year is an important day in the calendar of the United
Nations. It is one of the ways the United Nations uses to advocate for environmental protection and call for political
action.
Every year, UNEP (the Environment Program of the United Nations) develops a theme which is used globally
to raise awareness and call for support from governments, organizations, and individuals from all over the world.
The theme for 2015 was “Seven Billion Dreams. One Planet. Consume with Care”. This would also serve as the
slogan for the World Environmental Day 2015. The meaning of this theme and slogan is that we have five continents
with more than seven billion people combined. Although we have about 7 billion people, we just have one planet that
we live and survive. The surface area is limited, shelter and food also limited. If we continue using the available natural
resources as we do today, our future generations may be forced to go hungry and without homes. This is why it is of
vital importance to consume whatever food that is available with care. Stop the wastage and use whatever resource that
is available according to need, not greed.
“Join the race to make the world a better place” is the theme and slogan for 2016 UN World Environment Day.
This slogan carries a clear message and asks everyone to get involved in making the world a better place to live in.

Celebrities and media personalities have encouraged and put a lot of emphasis on the UN World Environment
Day. Well-known celebrities such as Gisele Biindchen are known to have to send distress calls to the entire world to
come forward, join the team and help fight climate change. Radio and print journalists have also helped in creating
awareness campaigns and asking people from all over the world to observe this day and act accordingly.
New Zealand where this day is marked by splendid and colourful ceremonies launched a massive campaign that
was called “My Earth, My Duty”. More people could be encouraged to get out of their homes and provide help that is
aimed at ensuring that the environment is preserved for the future generations. This has been one of the most successful
campaigns to mark World Environment Day 2015.
In some parts of the world, children are a critical part of celebrating the United Nations Environment Day. In
the Nepal Republic, for instance, children and students from grade 1 arc requested to attend and actively engage in
forestry and related programs in their locality. Also, there are many competitions that are organized by the government
and at the end of the week for commemorating the World Environment Day, rewards are offered to those offered the
most to the program.
1. World Environment Day is held every year in order to ______ .
A. call for political awareness and take action
B. raise people’s awareness and call for support from all over the world
C. remember the United Nations on this important day
D. hold a competition for slogans of protecting the environment
2. All of the following statements are about the theme for the World Environment Day 2015 EXCEPT that ___.
A. seven billion people on the earth have the same task to protect the environment
B. the available natural resources will be used up one day if we don’t stop wasting
C. our future generations will certainly be forced to go hungry and without homes
D. the earth is the unique home and the surface area is limited, shelter and food also limited
3. The World Environment Day has partly become successful when ______ .
A. celebrities try to put a lot of emphasis on the UN
B. journalists ask people to watch this event on the media
C. climate change may create awareness campaigns all over the world
D. well-known people and journalists play a more important role
4. The World Environment Day 2015 in New Zealand was very successful because ______ .
A. campaigns were carried out to ask for more people’s awareness
B. this day is marked by splendid and colorful ceremonies by organizations and individuals
C. the wonderful name “My Earth, My Duty” was chosen for the campaign
D. more people were encouraged to get out of their homes in New Zealand
5. The United Nations Environment Day in the Nepal Republic was also very successful when ______.
A. rewards are offered to people who took part in the programs
B. there are many competitions that are organized by the government after the World Environment Day
C. the government and the young actively took part in the programs to commemorate this day
D. the media personalities provide live coverage and also try reaching the general population
Exercise 6 : Put the following sentences into the reported speech.
1. She said “I watch T.V every day”.
→ She said she watched TV every day.
2. “I must go now”, Minh said.
→ Minh said he had to go then.
3. Tom said, “You must follow the instructions.”
→ Tom said you had to follow the intructions.
4. “You will have to report this to the teacher, Dave,” she said.
→ She said Dave would have to report that to the teacher.
5. “I want something to drink,” she said.
→ She said she wanted something to drink.
6. “I’m going to see the doctor,” Jane said.
→ Jane said she was going to see the doctor.
7. “Next year I’m staying in England,” she said.
→ She said she was staying in England the next year.
8. Hai said, “I have got a new fridge.”
→ Hai said he had got a new fridge.
9. Nam said, “All the students will have a meeting next week.”
→ Nam said all the students would have a meeting the next week.
10. Phong said, “My parents are very proud of my good marks.”
→ Phong said his parents were very proud of his good marks.
11. The teacher said, “All the homework must be done carefully.”
→ The teacher said all the homework had to be done carefully.
12. Her father said to her, “You can go to the movie with your friend.”
→ Her father told her that she could go to the movie with her friend.
13. Lan said, “I won’t do it tomorrow.”
→ Lan said she wouldn’t do it the next day.
14. Hoa said, “I may visit my parents in the summer.”
→ Hoa said she might visit her parents in the summer.
15. The teacher said, “We can collect old book for the poor students.”
→ The teacher said they could collect old book for the poor students.
16. She said, “ She doesn’t buy this book.”
→ She said she didn’t buy that book.
17. The boys said, “We have to try our best to win the match.”
→ The boys said they had to try their best to win the match.
18. Her classmate said, “Lan is the most intelligent girl in our class.”
→ Her classmate said Lan was the most intelligent girl in their class.
19. He said, “I will go to school by bus tomorrow.”
→ He said he would go to school by bus the next day.
20. His brother told him, “You can use my computer today.”
→ His brother told him that he could use his computer that day.

1. A. impact B. animal C. polar D. land
2. A. threat B. increase C. release D. easy
3. A. conserve B. fossil C. discuss D. preserve
4. A. fertilizer B. ecosystem C. agriculture D. environment
5. A. machinery B. independent C. preservation D. conservation
6. The campaign ________ things like water bottles and aluminum cans into new, useful objects like park benches,
bikes, etc.
A. turns B. comes C. becomes D. recycles
7. Fish and poultry have a much lower impact ________ the environment, and other plant proteins are even less
damaging ________ the planet.
A. Ø - for B. on - to C. on - with D. of - to
8. We get the energy we require for our everyday needs from many sources, but not all of them are ________.
A. unharmed B. eco-friendly C. ecological D. economic
9. Burning garbage ________ dangerous gases to the environment, and this may lead to global warming.
A. throws B. sends C. emits D. rejects
10. Individually wrapped candy or chocolate causes a lot of trash, ________ fruits and vegetables are healthier and mean
less waste.
A. so B. as C. because D. while
11. Sometimes it’s better not to buy something new, and buy it ________ instead.
A. use B. used C. usable D. useful
12. He asked the children ________ the river.
A. not to pollute B. not polluting C. don’t pollute D. if they don’t pollute
13. They asked me how many students ________ in the school.
A. there are B. are there C. there were D. were there
14. He told me that ________ .
A. he participated in the conservation campaign the previous day
B. he has participated in the conservation campaign the previous day
C. he would participate in the conservation campaign yesterday
D. he had participated in the conservation campaign the previous day
15. He asked, “Why did she write the article on conservation?” => He asked why ________ .
A. she wrote the article on conservation B. did she write the article on conservation
C. she had written the article on conservation D. she has written the article on conservation
IV. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box.
23. aim 24. sense 18. competitions 22. opportunity 17. issues
19. organisations 21. resources 16. volunteers 25. acts 20. training
Ha Noi joins hands to protect the environment
“Clean Up the World’s Day” will be held at Unification Park in Ha Noi this year. Unification Park has been
chosen for the event as it is one of Ha Noi’s important ‘green lungs’. After collecting rubbish, (16)________, including
students, officials and members of the local community, will be shown how to use recyclable rubbish and will participate
in games to broaden their knowledge about environmental (17)________. Children will be able to paint their ‘dream
green environment’. Participants that win rubbish collection (18) ________ and games will receive prizes.
Individuals and (19) ________ can show that they are responsible for protecting the environment by planting
trees, collecting, treating and recycling rubbish, organising community (20) ________, competitions, and exhibitions
about the environment, and recovering natural (21) ________. It’s time for people to be aware that this is “Our Place.
Our Planet. Our Responsibility”.
The “Clean Up the World” campaign is a(n) (22) ________ for young members of the Green Generation
Network to positively contribute to protecting the environment. Through these events, the (23) ________ of the
programme is to further expand peoples’ spirit and (24) ________ of responsibility in protecting the earth’s green spaces.
Small (25) ________ by individuals will make a big change.
Attractive landscape sites, such as sandy beaches, lakes, riversides, and mountain tops and slopes, are often
affected by mass tourism. Physical (26) ________ are caused not only by clearing and construction of tourism-related
land, but by continuing tourist activities and (27) ________ changes in local economies and ecologies.
The development of tourism (28) ________ such as accommodation, water supplies, can (29) ________ sand
mining, beach and sand dune erosion, soil erosion and extensive paving. In addition, road and airport construction can
lead to land degradation and loss of wildlife habitats and deterioration of scenery.
In Yosemite National Park in the United States, for instance, the number of roads and facilities (30) ________ to keep
pace with the growing visitor numbers and to supply facilities, infrastructure and parking lots for all these tourists. These
actions have caused (31) ________ in the park and are (32) ________ by various forms of pollution including air
pollution from automobile emissions. The authorities have reported, "Smog was (33) ________ that Yosemite Valley
could not be seen from airplanes". This occasional smog is harmful to all species and vegetation inside the park.
Construction of ski resort accommodation and facilities frequently (34) ________ clearing forested land. Coastal
wetlands are often drained and filled due to lack of more suitable sites for construction of tourism facilities and
infrastructure. These activities can cause severe disturbance and erosion of the local (35) ________, even destruction in
the long term.
26. A. actions B. acts C. impacts D. forces
27. A. long-time B. long-term C. long-life D. long-range
28. A. features B. activities C. abilities D. facilities
29. A. experience B. involve C. take part in D. affect
30. A. have increased B. has increased C. increase D. will increase
31. A. soil loss B. ground loss C. habitat loss D. park loss
32. A. happened B. accompanied C. gone D. appeared
33. A. so thick B. too thick C. thick enough D. so much thick
34. A. requests B. asks C. requires D. depends
35. A. ecotype B. ecotourism C. ecoterrorism D. ecosystem
How To Stop Water Pollution
Water pollution is one of the biggest threats to the environment today. There are several sources of water
pollution ranging from sewage and fertilizers to soil erosion. The impact of water pollution on wildlife and their natural
habitat can be immense. There are also a number of things that the average person can do to help stop water pollution.
We should conserve the soil because soil conservation influences water pollution through erosion. As soil is
eroded by water, it transfers sediment from the land to the body of water, which is polluted by the chemicals in the
sediment. Phosphorus and industrial chemicals can be pulled into water through soil erosion. When phosphorus levels
in water become too high, they can lead to algae blooms that can cause massive fish deaths and make water unsafe for
human use. The best way to prevent soil erosion is to keep the banks of rivers well-covered with plants or trees. Planting
trees can have a significantly positive impact on the reduction in soil erosion.
The oil used to lubricate engines in all types of machines needs to be changed regularly. When the oil is changed,
it presents a number of environmental hazards if not disposed of properly. When a leaky engine releases this oil into the
street, it runs to the sewer and makes its way into waterways.
Wherever you see a lot of human recreation, you will almost always see lots of evidence of human use.
Wrappers, bottles and other trash are unfortunately a common site at many well-used beaches and rivers around the
world. It should be fairly obvious that the trash from these places often ends up in waterways and can cause pollution.
Plastics are an especially big issue when it comes to water contamination at beaches and waterways. Picking up litter
wherever you find it is honestly the best, fastest way to do your part to stop this type of water pollution.
Organize cleaning parties with local people to make the reach larger. Gel businesses involved as sponsors who
will donate prizes to the person who collects the most trash if you're having a hard time finding people to sign up to
help.
It is estimated that the consumption of plastic by humans is between 250 and 300 million tons a year. About
80% of the plastic in the oceans came from the land. Using alternatives to plastics or using "less disposable" plastics
whenever possible can have a surprising impact on ocean pollution. The fact that plastic is cheap and useful for different
purposes makes it obvious choices for many people.
36. Soil erosion can lead to water pollution because _______ .
A. soil can be eroded by rain water
B. soil erosion can occur naturally everywhere
C. chemicals in the sediment from the soil erosion will pollute water
D. massive fish deaths will make the rivers unsafe for human use
37. The following are the effects of water pollution EXCEPT that _______.
A. it may cause massive fish deaths due to algae blooms
B. it may keep the banks of rivers well-covered with trees
C. it may make water unsafe for human use
D. it may spoil the beauty of beaches or waterways
38. Lubricants can cause environmental hazards when _______ .
A. they are not disposed properly B. they are changed regularly
C. they may be found in the streets D. the engines work perfectly
39. In order to make beaches clean and green, we should _______ .
A. organize campaigns in which prizes will be given to the business who collects the most trash
B. find places with a lot of human recreation and of evidence of human use
C. follow the trash from these places which often ends up in waterways
D. ask local people to take part in cleaning up the beaches, maybe with the sponsor from businesses
40. We can infer from the passage that _______ .
A. alternatives to plastics or “less disposable” plastics can make the situation worse
B. using too much plastic can cause bad effects on ocean pollution
C. using plastics only causes ocean pollution
D. we don’t know how to stop water pollution
VII. SPEAKING
41. - It’s my sister’s birthday tomorrow. → “___________”.
A. How old are they? B. What a good idea!
C. Happy New Year! D. Is she going to have a party?
42. - Mary will help the teacher. → “___________”.
A. Are you certain? B. Do you understand?
C. Can you hear? D. What did you know?
43. - Shall we leave now? → “___________”.
A. Have you got time? B. Near the station?
C. I’d like to stay D. What time is it?
44. - Anything else? → “___________”.
A. No, it isn’t B. Not at all
C. Yes, that’s more than enough D. Not today, thanks
45. - When will lunch be ready? → “___________”.
A. Quite soon B. It’s soup and toast
C. I hope you’re hungry D. I’m not hungry
46. - It’s very hot here. → “___________”.
A. Do you feel cold? B. I’ll turn on the heating
C. Let’s go outside then D. Put on your sweater then
47. - Have you met Henry before? → “___________”.
A. Yes, at first B. Yes, that’s right
C. Yes, I do D. Yes, on holiday
48. - Do you like visiting museums? → “___________”.
A. No, I’d love to B. No, I haven’t
C. Not really D. Many times
49. - I have broken my glasses. → “___________”.
A. Here’s another one B. You can’t see
C. That’s a pity D. How wonderful you are!
50. - I have got a letter from Paul this morning. → “___________”.
A. I’m afraid not B. That’s nice
C. He’s fine D. Congratulations!

UNIT 10. ECOTOURISM

I. VOCABULARY :
- adapt (v) /əˈdæpt/ : sửa lại cho phù hợp, thích nghi
- biosphere reserve (n) /ˈbaɪəʊsfɪə(r)rɪˈzɜːv/ : khu dự trữ sinh quyển
- damage (n,v) /'dæmidʤ/ : thiệt hại ; gây thiệt hại
- destination (n) /,desti'neiʃn/ : điểm đến, đích đến
- discharge (v) /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ : thải ra, xả ra
- eco-friendly (a) /ˌiːkəʊˈfrendli/ : thân thiện với môi trường
- ecology (n) /iˈkɒlədʒi/ : hệ sinh thái
- ecotourism (n) /ˈiːkəʊtʊərɪzəm/ : du lịch sinh thái
- entertain (v) /ˌentəˈteɪn/ : tiêu khiển, giải trí
 entertainment (n) /,entə'teinmənt/ : sự giải trí
- exotic (a) /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/ : ngoại lai ; đẹp kì lạ
- fauna (n) /ˈfɔːnə/ : hệ động vật
- flora (n) /ˈflɔːrə/ : hệ thực vật
- harm (v) /hɑ:m/ : làm hại
 harmful (a) /'hɑ:mful/ : gây hại, có hại
- impact (n) /ˈɪmpækt/ : ảnh hưởng
- nature (n) /'neitʃə/ : thiên nhiên
- principle (n) /'prinsəpl/ : nguyên tắc
- sustainable (a) /səˈsteɪnəbl/ : không gây hại cho môi trường; bền vững
 sustain (v) /səˈsteɪn/ : giữ vững ; chịu đựng
- tour guide (n) /tʊə(r)ɡaɪd/ : hướng dẫn viên du lịch
- tourist (n) /'tuərist/ : khách du lịch
II. GRAMMAR :
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1. Type 1 : Câu điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
If clause Main clause
If + S + V1 / V s(es) S + will / can/ may + V1
(don’t / doesn’t + V1) (won’t / can’t + V1)
Ex: If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.
If Mary doesn’t feel better tomorrow, she will see a doctor.
2. Type 2: Câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại

If + S + V-ed / V2 S + would / could / should + V1
(didn’t + V1) (wouldn’t / couldn’t + V1)
To be: were / weren’t
Ex: If I were you, I would tell the truth.
If she knew your address, she would send you a letter.
3. Type 3: Câu điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ

If + S + had + P.P S + would / could / should + have + P.P
(hadn’t + P.P) (wouldn’t / couldn’t + have + P.P)
Ex: If I had known the answer, I would have told her.
I would have gotten the scholarship if I had studied harder.
4. Unless = If….not (Trừ phi, nếu…không)

IF UNLESS
Khẳng định Khẳng định (động từ trong mệnh đề chính đổi sang phủ định)
Phủ định Khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không thay đổi)
Ex : If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
= Unless you work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
5. INVERSION : Đảo ngữ
Có thể diễn tả câu điều kiện mà không cần dùng if hay unless bằng cách đảo chủ ngữ ra sau should, were, had. (Không
được làm với các động từ khác)
Loại 1 : If I meet him tomorrow, I will tell you.
= Should I meet him tomorrow, I will tell you.
Loại 2 : If I were rich, I would help you.
=Were I rich, I would help you.
Loại 3 : If I had known her, I would have made friend with her.
=Had I known her, I would have made friend with her.
6. ZERO CONDITIONAL : Câu điều kiện loại 0

Đôi khi thì hiện tại đơn được dùng cho cả hai mệnh đề của câu điều kiện để diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên.
Ex: If we don’t water these flowers, they die.
7. NỐI 2 CÂU ĐƠN DÙNG “ IF”

+ Diễn tả 1 hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai → loại 1
Cách nhận biết: trong mệnh đề sẽ có ''will''
+ Diễn tả 1 hành động không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại (động từ ở hiện tại) → loại 2
Cách nhận biết: động từ ở dạng hiện tại , don't, doesn't
+ Diễn tả 1 hành động không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ (động từ ở quá khứ) → loại 3
Cách nhận biết: động từ ở dạng quá khứ, didn't
Ex: Hurry up or you will be late. → If you don’t hurry, you will be late.
Ex: She doesn’t have a car. She doesn’t go out in the evening.
→ If she had a car, she would go out in the evening.
Ex: We cancelled the meeting because Peter didn’t come.
→ If Peter had come, we wouldn’t have cancelled the meeting.
III. EXERCISE :
Exercise 1 : Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box.
10. seafood 4. scenery 9. rocks 3. display 6. reefs
2. reserve 8. flora 1. feeling 7. sand 5. trade
Cu Lao Cham Island Tour
In May 2009, UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Cu Lao Cham - Hoi An was established which includes Hoi An
Ancient Town, the river inlet, and Cham Islands.
Getting on a speedboat to start departure from the pier to Cu Lao Cham Island, you will enjoy the excited (1)
_______ with beach waves as well as the blue sea. On arriving at Cu Lao Cham Island, you will do walking tour for
exploring more this attractive island. At the beginning of the tour, you will visit the nature (2) _______ showroom of
Cu Lao Cham Island where the history, map, objects are on (3) _______. Next, you continue to visit Au Thuyen where
the local boats are hidden in big storms.
After that, you will take a boat to visit the wonderful of this charming island. Firstly, you will be transferred to
visit the local fishing village of Bai Huong with more than 100 families who mainly live by the fishing (5) _______.
After that, go ahead to Bai Xep for snorkeling to see the nice coral (6) _______ under the
sea. It’s so interesting to explore the coral when the sunshine lights up right to bottom of the sea to make coral so
beautiful and twinkle inside sunlight and water.
Next, you also have chance to visit the nice scene of Bai Chong with white (7) _______, green and many
particularly interesting large on the way to Hang Yen Cave. Arriving at Hang Yen Cave, you will have chance to survey
the living area of swifts. The edible nests of swifts arc used in bird's nest soup, a delicacy in some countries. Then you
will back Bai Chong Beach. Have lunch in a small local restaurant to taste specialties and (10) _______ of Cu Lao Cham
Island.
After lunch, you will get on a speedboat to return the mainland.
1. Our …… cultural …… traditions should be maintained and introduced to friends all over the world. (culture)
2. It is advised that …… tourists …… must be responsible for their actions during the trip. (tour)
3. The …… massive … loss of land is the result of severe deforestation. (mass)
4. One of the solutions which are being discussed is to increase tourists’ environmental and cultural …awareness …
and respect. (aware)
5. If ecotourism is effectively managed, it can provide …… financial …… benefits to local people because there will
be more jobs for them and they will earn more, (finance)
6. Ecotourism is thought to be … sustainable ……, as it helps the preservation of species of fauna and flora. (sustain)
7. Money should be used for the preservation of …… national …… parks where many endangered species live. (nation)
8. We can also visit a number of coffee …… plantations …… where we can enjoy fresh coffee. (plant)
9. The … destruction …… of ecosystem of lakes, rivers, seas and forests must be prevented. (destroy)
10. We can explore the …… mysterious …… hiking paths and observe wild animals when visiting Cuc Phuong
National Park. (mystery)
Exercise 3 : Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. If you …don’t have…. (not have) a special friend, you won’t have someone to talk to at difficult times in your life.
2. We …will give…. (give) you a lift to the town if we finish our work on time.
3. If she ……pays…. (pay) for the trip in advance, she may get a discount.
4. If we make a campfire and then leave it unattended, we …will cause…. (cause) a forest fire.
5. Water will be contaminated if rubbish ……dumps…. (dump) into rivers or lakes.
6. If Eric …were……. (be) 5 years younger, he could travel around the world.
7. What would you do if you ……were……. (be) Spiderman?
8. If you …wored…. (work) as a nurse, what would you do?
9. What could happen if this house ……covered…. (cover) with mud?
10. I do not keep my eggs in the fridge. If I ……keep…. (keep) them in the fridge, I…will take…. (take) them out half
an our before cooking.
Exercise 4 : Choose the correct form of the verbs to complete these sentences.
1. If I............ the bus this afternoon, I'll get a taxi instead.
a. miss b. will miss c. missed d. had missed
2. We'll have to go without John if he............ soon.
a. won't arrive b. will arrive c. arrives d. doesn't arrive
3. They............ your money if you haven't kept your receipt.
a. won't refund b. didn't refund c. no refund d. not refund
4. If I make some coffee, ............the cake?
a. do you cut b. will you cut c. are you cutting d. don't you cut
5. If you ............ your homework, I...................... you watch TV.
a. won't do/ let b. did/ won't let c. don't do/ won't let d. won't do/ don't let
6. If you want to see clearly, you ............your glass.
a. wear b. will wear c. would wear d. must wear
7. if you're scared of spiders, ............ into the garden.
a. won't go b. you won't go c. don't go d. not go
8. If I............time tonight, I ............ the novel I'm reading.
a. will have/ finish b. have/ will finish c. have had/ will finish d. have/ have finished
9. If it ............ next week, we ............ plant the vegetables.
a. rains/ won't be able to b. will rain/ aren't going to c. rains/ aren't going to d. will rain/ don't plan
10. Get me a glass of lemonade if you............to the kitchen.
a. go b. will go c. have gone d. went
11. ............ your computer if I'm careful?
a. Will I use b. Do I use c. Use I d. Can I use
12. I............ angry if it ............... that you are wrong.
a. will/ turns out b. am/ will turn out c. won't be/ turned out d. will be/ turns out
13. If you.................... this switch, the computer...................on.
a. press/ comes b. will press/ comes c. press/ can come d. have pressed/ will come
14. If you............ with the computer, I'll put it away.
a. will finish b. have finished c. had finished d. finished
15. If Matthew is going to a job interview‘, he .............. a tie.
a. will wear b. can wear c. should wear d. might wear
Exercise 5 : Read the article about Hawaii. Which is the best island for the activities (1-5). Write O for Oahu, M
for Maui, and BI for Big Island in each blank.
Welcome To Hawaii
Hawaii is a popular holiday destination. But which island should you choose for your holiday in paradise?
OAHU
All the international flights go from the capital, Honolulu, on Oahu Island. Oahu is the most populated island and home
of the famous Waikiki beach. International surfing competitions take place here. Oahu is also the place for shops,
restaurants and the best nightlife.
MAUI
Maui is the most romantic island and ideal for relaxing. There are white sandy beaches with turquoise water, and in
summer the waves are small and perfect for inexperienced surfers. In winter, you can see whales in the warm water.
Maui is ideal for nature lovers and visitors falling in love with the island’s natural beauty.
BIG ISLAND
Big Island is cheaper and for the more adventurous visitors. You can go to the top of the highest mountain - 4000 metres
above sea level, and enjoy an amazing view.
O ...... 1. When I’m on holiday, I enjoy shopping to buy presents for my family.
M ..... 2. I’ve never seen a whale - I really want to go whale-watching one day.
M ..... 3. When I’m on holiday, I like new experiences like learning to surf.
M ..... 4. I’m not interested in sport when I’m on holiday. Lying on the beach is my favourite activity.
BI..... 5. Climbing a mountain is very hard work, but you get a fantastic view from the top!
Exercise 6 : Read the article about “On The Move Holidays”. Match the holidays with statements (1-10). Write A
for the motorbike tour, B for the canoe tour, and C for the railway tour.
On The Move Holidays
Holiday journeys can be a nightmare ... sitting in a crowded airport lounge waiting for your delayed flight ...
stuck in a traffic jam on your way to the coast ... or waiting in a long queue with hundreds of others at Immigration.
Why not try something a bit different? Try “On The Move Holidays”, where the journey is the holiday! Here are three
of our popular options:
A. Motorbike Tour Of New Zealand
If you want to see the beauty of New Zealand and love motorbiking, this is the perfect holiday for you: a 19-day
motorbike tour of the North and South Islands of New Zealand. Enjoy the peaceful lakes, mountains and forests and
relax on the beaches next to the clear water. You can also take part in some sports, such as horse-riding, and diving. A
fantastic way for any biker to see one of the most beautiful countries in the world! Comfortable accommodation in four-
star hotels.
B. Amazon Canoe Tour
During this six-day canoeing and camping trip, we travel along the Amazon River through the world’s biggest
rain forest. Our groups have a maximum of 12 people with at least three experienced guides per group. At night, we go
camping in the jungle, and before you go to sleep you can listen as hundreds of night animals fill the forest with sound.
You can also go on interesting excursions to native villages, where you can meet some of the local people, try some of
their traditional food and learn more about the native culture.
C. Moscow To Beijing by The Trans-Siberian Railway
A train journey to remember! Moscow to Beijing by train - thirteen days and 6,000 kilometres across Russia,
Siberia, and Mongolia. The 1st, 2nd, or 3'd class sleeping cabins - the choice is yours. On the way you can meet the
locals, enjoy the beautiful scenery of Siberia, buy your food at the stations or take your meals in the luxurious dining
car. You can visit Lake Baikal - the world’s largest and cleanest lake - and finally, you can experience the many
attractions of Beijing - one of the world’s biggest capital cities!
In which tour, _________ .
1. we can live in nature and experience the ethnic culture B .................
2. we stay in really good hotels A.................
3. it is interesting to see how local people live B .................
4. the whole journey lasts nearly two weeks C.................
5. we spend some really nice days by the sea A.................
6. there arc people selling food B .................
7. it is very noisy in the tent at night! Sometimes we can’t sleep. B .................
8. we are there for almost three weeks - it is great! A.................
9. it is good to do some sightseeing in the capital C.................
10. we can travel on our own A.................
Exercise 7 : Read the text about the Rainforest Flyway Company, and do the tasks that follow.
Come "fly" over the Rainforest — We'll take your breath away!
Located in Cairns, Australia, Rainforest Flyway is a world leader in ecotourism. We lake our guests on a
breathtaking ‘'flight" over rainforest trees and straight into the heart of the rainforest for an unforgettable experience.
On the Flyway, you’ll experience over 7.5 kilometers of living rainforests while learning about this spectacular
place. Did you know that Australia’s rainforests are home to over 3,000 different plant species? And some of the trees
here are more than 3,000 years old! After this visit you’ll understand why it’s so important to preserve the rainforests.
And you’ll see that environmentally responsible travel can be fun, educational, and breathtaking.
Even if you’re a world traveler, you’ve never experienced anything like the Rainforest Flyway. You’ll start your
unique journey above the rainforest, as you “fly” in a comfortable gondola only a few meters above the trees. Sit back
and enjoy the extraordinary scenery. You will be amazed at the breathtakingly rich and lush foliage. And rest assured,
there was no damage done to the rainforest ecology during the construction of your gondola. That’s why the development
of the Fly way took over 40 months to complete.
Your gondola will bring you down into the rainforest itself, where you follow a path to see, hear, and smell the
rainforest environment from the ground. Free tours are available several times a day. Tour guides can point out some
unusual plants, provide you with interesting facts about rainforest ecology, and answer your questions.
Your Rainforest Fly way experience lasts 90 minutes and ends in the small town of Kuranda, just 25 kilometers
northwest of Cairns. Here, you can continue your eco-tour with a visit to the protected areas that 2,000 tropical butterflies
call home. You can also buy original arts and crafts made by the people of Kuranda. And if that isn’t enough, you can
continue on to the wildlife reserve located a short 9 kilometers west of Kuranda to see animals from all parts of the
world.
Rainforest Flyway has won numerous awards, including Travel Planet magazine’s “Best Ecotourism Destination”. Call
or visit us online to make your reservations.
Task 1 : Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
1. On this trip you can learn about __________ .
A. some great ecotourism destinations B. tour guides
C. the ecology of Australia’s rainforests D. the environmentally responsible travel
2. A gondola is _______ .
A. a rainforest animal B. a person who leads the tour
C. a type of transportation D. a tree more than 3,000 years old
3. On this trip, guests _________ .
A. don’t go B. are lowered C. are raised D. are not allowed to step
4. Rainforest Flyway encourages guests to ________.
A. follow a path to explore the rainforest B. make a new path in the rainforest
C. take a souvenir from the rainforest D. take another Flyway to view the rainforest
5. Tour guides can ________.
A. bring you down into the rainforest B. give you souvenirs
C. make reservations for you D. teach you about the rainforest
6. The rainforest has _______.
A. many types of arts and crafts B. 3,000 different types of plants
C. animals from all parts of the world D. 2,000 different types of tropical butterflies
7. How long is the Rainforest Fly way tour?
It lasts 90 minutes.
8. Who can answer questions about the rainforest?
Toutguides can answer questions about the rainforest.
9. How can you make plans to visit the Rainforest Flyway?
You can call / phone ot visit the website (of the company)
10. Where is the wildlife reserve?
It is 9 km west of Kuranda.
PRACTISE TEST 10
1. A. sustainable B. status C. destruction D. nature
2. A. deplete B. device C. exotic D. challenge
3. A. biodiversity B. biogas C. biology D. biosphere
4. A. cultural B. national C. numerous D. fantastic
5. A. sustainable B. beneficial C. environment D. traditional
II. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
6. We can help _________ the environment by using green and sustainable energy sources.
A. keep B. waste C. save D. enjoy
7. Ecotourism _________ are important to the overall sustainability of the country's tourism industries.
A. intentions B. plans C. drawings D. designs
8. Texas is _________ to a number of eco-tour companies, and plenty of ranches and resorts.
A. home B. house C. accommodation D. building
9. Seattle is one of the most _________ cities in the US.
A. ecology B. ecosystem C. eco-friendly D. ecological
10. In Alaska, the ecotourism operators arc designed to help minimise tourism _________, which may be more difficult
to control as an independent traveler.
A. action B. power C. result D. impact
11. I have a test to take tomorrow morning. If I _________ free time, I _________ to Cuc Phuong National Park with
you.
A. have - will go B. had - would go C. will have - will go D. had - went

12. Phong Nha Cave has been regarded by the British Cave Research Association as the top cave in the world _________
its four top records.
A. due to B. because C. despite D. with
13. _________ the decisive assistance of the villagers, we would not be able to facilitate the eco tour.
A. With B. Without C. But D. Neither
14. According to the weather forecast, it will be fine at the weekend. If the weather
fine, we _________ on camping at the weekend.
A. is - will go B. will be - will go C. were - would go D. was - went
15. After lunch, we take a short walk to the elephant camp _________ you will enjoy an exciting elephant riding.
A. that B. when C. where D. what
IV. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box. There are some extra words.
reserve 23. biodiversity lake 21. agriculture reserve
fauna 22. water 25. markets 24. ecosystems fauna
Tonle Sap Lake
Five provinces circled the area of Tonic Sap Lake, and more than three million people inhabit around the bank
of the lake, earning a living by catching fish and making (21) ________ .
Tonle Sap is the largest fresh water lake in South East Asia. Its dimension changes depending on the monsoon and dry
season. During the rainy season from June to October, the lake is filled by water flowing from the Mekong with 14
meters in depth and expands the surface of 10,000 square kilometers. In the dry season from November to May, its size
is 3,000 square kilometers with two meters in depth and (22) ________ flows out from the lake to the Mekong. The
flooded forest surrounding the edge of the lake is the best shelter and also very important for all kinds of fishes. This
lake supports (23) ________ with over 300 species of fresh water fishes, as well as snakes, crocodiles, tortoises, turtles
and otters, and more than 100 varieties of water birds including storks, pelicans, etc.
The lake is also an important commercial resource, providing more than half of the fish consumed in Cambodia.
In harmony with the specialized (24) ________, the human occupations at the edges of the lake are similarly distinctive:
floating villages, towering stilted houses, huge fish traps, and a way of life deeply involved with the lake.
The boat trip through the floating village takes approximately two hours. You will explore the Khmer, Muslim and
Vietnamese floating households and the floating (25) ________, fisheries, clinics, schools, basketball course, pigsty and
other boatloads of tourists.
V. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the follow ing passage.
Depart from Ha Noi and head for Highland of Ha Giang, it would be a long but fantastic trip. It is the zigzag
mountain path that will make your journey unforgettable.
Mco Vac is exactly the next (26) ________ that will take your breath (27) ________. You will totally be in the
feeling of adventure, feeling of peace and feeling of full discovery. Starting your way of exploration, Meo Vac is the
right place for you to check out some of 23 minority groups in Ha Giang, which (28) ________ Hmong, Tay, Nung
tribes. The Nho Que River seems to be so tiny among big mountains. You can see here and there the locals in their
colorful dresses, (29) ________ on the terraced fields.
Making the way north, you will arrive in Dong Van. The minibus creeps in the layers of (30) ________ again,
overwhelming you with loads of beautiful sceneries. Passing Heaven’s Gate, Rock Plateau, which was (31) ________
by the UNESCO as a geological park, seems to appear before your eyes like a masterpiece of nature. Like other sites in
Ha Giang, Dong Van is (32) ________ all year round, particularly, on Lunar New Year holiday when various cultures
of minority groups are strongly and widely exposed. Besides, you will be able to witness the brilliant yellow paddy fields
around August and September, which is in the (33) ________ of the harvest season.
Up to Lung Cu, the (34) ________ beauty of rocky area will continue to captivate your soul. The Highest
Flagpole of the North Viet Nam, Old Palace of Hmong King, Pho Bang Old Town are of your good choices here. They
(35) ________ the harmony between culture and history of the highland. Let’s join in the local market, and we guarantee
that you will have what you are looking for!
26. A. place B. area C. position D. destination
27. A. away B. out C. in D. back
28. A. contain B. consist C. include D. surround
29. A. work B. to be working C. worked D. working
30. A. rocks B. clouds C. soils D. earth
31. A. admitted B. realized C. regarded D. recognized
32. A. attract B. attracted C. attractive D. attracting
33. A. center B. middle C. period D. equality
34. A. amazing B.shocking C. upsetting D. frightening
35. A. produce B. cause C. provide D. create
VI. Read the passage about ecotourism, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
As most potential ecotourist sites are inhabited by ethnic minorities, the principle of “encouraging community
participation in ecotourism activities” should both create income and help maintain cultural identity. These communities
have a deep understanding of traditional festivals, cultivation and land use customs, traditional lifestyle and handicrafts,
and historical places. A trip to the limestone mountain of Cao Bang - Bac Kan, for example, is valuable not only for the
Ba Be Lake, but for the opportunity to learn about cultivation customs, dying practices using endemic plants to produce
brocading, and traditional handmade boats of precious timber collected in the forest.
Because ecotourism is important for environmental education, maintenance of indigenous culture, and local
economic development, both investment and government encouragement are required.
One research shows that 90 percent of ecotourist guides lack environmental knowledge about the flora, fauna,
and natural resources in the area, and 88 percent would benefit from ecotourism guidebooks written especially for them.
An illustration of wasted potential caused by this lack of training is Ha Long Bay, a world heritage site with immense
environmental value - coral reefs, limestone mountains, thousands of flora and fauna species of high biodiversity, and
rich cultural identity. But tourists in Ha Long Bay are presently visiting only the Bay and some caves, not accessing
environmental information or local cultural activities. In general, the full potential of ecotourism has not yet been
reached.
International visitors to Viet Nam often like to visit ethnic minority villages to observe the culture, meet local
people, and participate in traditional activities. The ethnic minorities who live in or near nature reserves maintain
distinctive lifestyles, cultural identities, and traditional customs. These features arc part of the real value of ecotourism.
However, local people are not much involved in ecotourism.
In addition, local people still live in poverty, their life closely associates with natural resources. The economic
benefits of ecotourism need to be shared with them, but this will not happen without community participation.
36. An eco tour to the region of ethnic minorities is very valuable because tourists _________ .
A. can make a trip to the limestone mountain of Cao Bang - Bac Kan
B. can learn dying practices using endemic plants to produce brocading
C. can make traditional boats of precious timber collected in the forest
D. can understand the aspects of cultures and traditions
37. Ecotourism can bring all the following benefits EXCEPT _________.
A. maintaining cultural identity
B. providing opportunities to learn about traditional customs
C. establishing more national parks and nature reserves
D. introducing cultures of ethnic minorities to foreign tourists
38. Tourist guides who lack environmental knowledge can’t _________ .
A. make tourists access all environmental information or local cultural activities
B. take tourists to Ha Long Bay, a world heritage site with immense environmental value
C. get ecotourism guidebooks written especially for them
D. make ethnic minorities have a deep understanding of their traditional festivals
39. In order to develop ecotourism, local communities should _________.
A. depend on natural resources B. take part in all aspects of ecotourism
C. change their distinctive lifestyles D. share the economic benefits of ecotourism
40. The word “distinctive” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. staying the same for a long time B. easily understood
C. clearly different from others D. close to nature
VII. Speaking
41. - Let’s walk to the park! → “___________”.
A. All right B. I think so
C. I’m sorry D. OK. How can we go there?
42. What an attractive hair style you have got, Mary! → “___________.”
A. Thank you very much. I am afraid B. You are telling a lie
C. Thank you for your compliment D. I don't like your sayings
43. - You look great in this new dress. → “___________”.
A. With pleasure B. Not at all
C. I am glad you like it D. Do not say anything about it
44. - How well you are playing! → “___________”.
A. Say it again. I like to hear your words B. I think so. I am proud of myself
C. Thank you too much D. Many thanks. That is a nice compliment
45. - Thanks for the nice gift you brought to us! → “___________”.
A. Actually speaking, I myself don’t like it. B. Welcome! It’s very nice of you.
C. All right. Do you know how much it cost? D. Not at all. Don’t mention it.
46. - It’s time for lunch. → “___________”.
A. Oh good! B. One hour C. Half past twelve D. What is it?
47. - Waiter : “_________” - “Customer: “Well done, please.”
A. Can I help you, sir? B. Would you like the menu, sir?
C. How would you like your steak, sir? D. Where would you like to sit, sir?
48. - “Can I bring my cousin to the party?” –“________”
A. Please do. B. Yes, it was great. C. I’m afraid so. D. No, thanks.
49. - Would you like a drink? → “___________”.
A. I don’t like coffee B. I prefer tea C. Coffee, please D. I’m very thirsty
50. - How much was your new shirt? → “___________”.
A. It’s a red shirt B. It’s very cheap C. It was in a shop D. I love it much

BẢNG ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC THƯỜNG GẶP
V0 V2 V3 Meaning
1 awake awoke awoken tỉnh táo
2 be was, were been thì, là, ở, được
3 beat beat beaten đánh bại
4 become became become trở thành
5 begin began begun bắt đầu
6 bend bent bent uốn cong
7 bet bet bet đặt cược
8 bid bid bid thầu
9 bite bit bitten cắn
10 blow blew blown thổi
11 break broke broken nghỉ
12 bring brought brought mang lại
13 broadcast broadcast broadcast phát sóng
14 build built built xây dựng
15 burn burned/burnt burned/burnt cháy
16 buy bought bought mua
17 catch caught caught bắt
18 choose chose chosen chọn
19 come came come đến
20 cost cost cost giá
21 cut cut cut cắt
22 dig dug dug đào
23 do did done làm
24 draw drew drawn vẽ
25 dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt mơ
26 drive drove driven lái xe
27 drink drank drunk uống
28 eat ate eaten ăn
29 fall fell fallen rơi xuống
30 feel felt felt cảm thấy
31 feed fed fed cho ăn
32 fight fought fought chiến đấu
33 find found found tìm
34 fly flew flown bay
35 forget forgot forgotten quên
36 forgive forgave forgiven tha thứ
37 freeze froze frozen đóng băng
38 get got got / gotten có được
39 give gave given cung cấp, đưa
40 go went gone đi
41 grow grew grown phát triển
42 hang hung hung treo
43 have had had có
44 hear heard heard nghe
45 hide hid hidden ẩn
46 hit hit hit nhấn
47 hold held held tổ chức
48 hurt hurt hurt tổn thương
49 keep kept kept giữ
50 know knew known biết
51 lay laid laid đặt
52 lead led led dẫn
53 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt học
54 leave left left rời khỏi, để lại
55 lend lent lent cho vay
56 let let let cho phép
57 lie lay lain nói dối
58 lose lost lost mất
59 make made made làm
60 mean meant meant có nghĩa là
61 meet met met gặp
62 pay paid paid trả
63 put put put đặt
64 read read read đọc
65 ride rode ridden cưỡi (xe)
66 ring rang rung reo
67 rise rose risen tăng
68 run ran run chạy
69 say said said nói
70 see saw seen thấy
71 sell sold sold bán
72 send sent sent gửi
73 set set set thiết lập
74 show showed showed/shown trình chiếu
75 shut shut shut đóng
76 sing sang sung hát
77 sit sat sat ngồi
78 sleep slept slept ngủ
79 speak spoke spoken nói
80 spend spent spent chi tiêu, xài
81 spell spelt spelt đánh vần
82 stand stood stood đứng
83 swim swam swum bơi
84 sweep swept swept quét
85 swear swore sworn thề
86 take took taken có / lấy
87 teach taught taught dạy
88 tear tore torn xé
89 tell told told kể, nói
90 think thought thought nghĩ
91 throw threw thrown ném
92 understand understood understood hiểu
93 wake woke woken thức
94 wear wore worn mặc
95 win won won giành chiến thắng
96 write wrote written viết

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Workbook – The 2nd Semester English 10 - Pearson

UNIT 6. GENDER EQUALITY

Page 2 Trần Văn Ơn High School

S + Modal Verbs + Vo + O S + Modal Verbs + be + V3/ed

Page 4 Trần Văn Ơn High School

PRACTISE TEST UNIT 6

Page 8 Trần Văn Ơn High School

UNIT 7. CULTURAL DIVERSITY

Page 10 Trần Văn Ơn High School

Trần Văn Ơn High School Page 11

Trần Văn Ơn High School Page 15

PRACTISE TEST UNIT 7

Page 18 Trần Văn Ơn High School

UNIT 8. NEW WAYS TO LEARN

Trần Văn Ơn High School Page 21

Page 22 Trần Văn Ơn High School

PRACTISE TEST UNIT 8

UNIT 9. PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT

❖ CÁC DẠNG CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT :

2. Reporting questions (Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp)

B. WH- questions (Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi)

3. Reporting commands (Câu mệnh lệnh)

Page 28 Trần Văn Ơn High School

Page 30 Trần Văn Ơn High School

PRACTISE TEST UNIT 9

Page 34 Trần Văn Ơn High School

UNIT 10. ECOTOURISM

2. Type 2: Câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại

3. Type 3: Câu điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ

4. Unless = If….not (Trừ phi, nếu…không)

6. ZERO CONDITIONAL : Câu điều kiện loại 0

7. NỐI 2 CÂU ĐƠN DÙNG “ IF”

Trần Văn Ơn High School Page 39

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