REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA

MINISITERI YA SIPORO N’UMUCO

INDANGAGACIRO
Z’UMUCO W’U RWANDA
Igitabo nyobozi

2018
Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi
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Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi
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© Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco, 2018
B.P. 5796 KIGALI

Gishyizwe ku mugaragaro bwa mbere mu Ukuboza, 2018

Uburenganzira bwose burakomye. Umuntu wese uzandukura, uzafotora, cyangwa

agakoresha ubundi buryo bwose agamije gucuruza iki gitabo azahanwa n’itegeko
rirengera umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge.

ISBN: 978-99977-787-03
Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi
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 “Umuco dusangiye uraturanga,
Ururimi rwacu rukaduhuza”...
(Rwanda Nziza, Indirimbo yubahiriza Igihugu)

“Umuco mwiza wakureze

Ntugatume udindira
Mu by’abandi jya utoranya ibyiza
Ibifutamye ujugunye”...
(Cyprien Rugamba, INRS, 1987)

Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi

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 ISHAKIRO
ISHAKIRO................................................................................................. 5
IJAMBO RY’IBANZE.................................................................................. 7
INTANGIRIRO........................................................................................... 8
INTEGO Z’IGITABO....................................................................................... 9
IMITERERE Y’IGITABO................................................................................. 9
UMUTWE WA MBERE: IBISOBANURO BY’AMAGAMBO............................. 10
UMUCO...................................................................................................... 10
INDANGAGACIRO....................................................................................... 11
KIRAZIRA................................................................................................... 12
IGIHUGU.................................................................................................... 12
UMUTWE WA KABIRI: INDANGAGACIRO REMEZO................................... 13
GUKUNDA IGIHUGU.................................................................................. 15
Ibiranga gukunda Igihugu....................................................................... 15
Indangagaciro zishamikiye ku gukunda Igihugu...................................... 15
Kirazira zerekeye ku gukunda Igihugu..................................................... 20
UBUMWE................................................................................................... 22
Ibiranga ubumwe.................................................................................... 22
Indangagaciro zishamikiye ku bumwe..................................................... 22
Kirazira zerekeye ubumwe....................................................................... 27
UBUPFURA................................................................................................ 31
Ibiranga ubupfura................................................................................... 31
Indangagaciro zishamikiye ku bupfura.................................................... 31
Kirazira zerekeye ku bupfura................................................................... 35
UMURIMO.................................................................................................. 37
Akamaro k’umurimo................................................................................ 37
Indangagaciro zishamikiye ku murimo.................................................... 37
Kirazira zerekeye ku murimo................................................................... 39
UMUTWE WA GATATU: INGAMBA ZO KWIMAKAZA INDANGAGACIRO...... 41
Gutegura imfashanyigisho....................................................................... 41
Ibiganiro mu muryango........................................................................... 42

Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi

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 Ubukangurambaga.................................................................................. 42
UMWANZURO.......................................................................................... 43
IBITABO N’INYANDIKO BYIFASHISHIJWE............................................... 44

Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi

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 IJAMBO RY’IBANZE

Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe

mu 2015, rifata umuco nk’inkingi ya mwamba ifasha kubaka no
gushimangira mu Banyarwanda imitekerereze, imyifatire, imyitwarire
n’imigirire ibaganisha ku iterambere rirambye, riha kandi leta y’u
Rwanda inshingano yo kurengera no guteza imbere umuco w’u Rwanda.

Mu Nama Mpuzamahanga ku Iterambere ry’Umuco yabereye i Mexico

mu mwaka wa 1982, hemejwe ko ku isi amajyambere ashingiye ku
muco ari yo aramba. Ni yo mpamvu Leta y’u Rwanda yahaye inzego
zishinzwe umuco gukora ibishoboka byose indangagaciro z’umuco
nyarwanda zikaba inkingi y’imibereho myiza ya buri muturarwanda,
zikanamugenga mu mibanire ye n’abandi.

Minisiteri ya Siporo n’Umuco, ikaba yarateguye igitabo nyobozi

cy’indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda cyakwifashishwa mu
bukangurambaga bugamije kumenyekanisha no guteza imbere umuco.
Indangagaciro remezo zatoranyijwe mu zindi ni izi: Gukunda Igihugu,
Ubumwe, Ubupfura n’Umurimo.

Ndashimira abagize uruhare bose mu itegurwa ry’iki gitabo, kandi

ndashishikariza buri Munyarwanda, aho ari hose, kurangwa n’izi
ndangagaciro kuko ari zo shingiro n’inkingi by’iterambere ry’Igihugu
cyacu.

NYIRASAFARI Espérance
Minisitiri wa Siporo n’Umuco

Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi

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 INTANGIRIRO

Buri gihugu kigira umuco ukiranga ukagitandukanya n’ibindi. Umuco

ugira uruhare runini mu mibereho n’iterambere ry’abagituye. Kugira
ngo Abanyarwanda bumve intera zitandukanye z’iterambere bazigire
izabo kandi biborohere kuzigeraho ni ngombwa ko zitegurwa zishingiye
ku muco. Ni ko ibihugu bimwe byo muri Aziya byagize impinduka
n’umuvuduko mu iterambere ryabyo: u Bushinwa, Singapuru,
Mareziya...

No mu Rwanda kandi hari ibikorwa byahinduye imibereho

y’Abanyarwanda bishingiye ku muco: imihigo, Gira inka Munyarwanda,
Ubudehe, Umuganda, Umugoroba w’Ababyeyi, Umushyikirano,
Umwiherero w’abayobozi, Abunzi, Inkiko Gacaca...

Umuco, cyanecyane indangagaciro ziwugize, ni kimwe mu byo

Abanyarwanda bavomyemo ibitekerezo, ibikorwa nk’ibyo bigamije
iterambere kandi byubaka Igihugu gifite ikerekezo gihamye.

Kutubahiriza zimwe mu ndangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda byagize

ingaruka zikomeye mu iterambere ry’Igihugu no ku muryango
nyarwanda ubwawo, kugeza ubwo ubuzima bwa muntu bwubahukwa,
hakaba Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu wa 1994. Nyuma yaho,
inzego za Leta, n’abashakashatsi banditse ku ndangagaciro z’umuco
w’u Rwanda, bashaka uko zafasha mu kuzahura Igihugu no kugiha
ikerekezo gishya.

Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco yitaye kuri izo nyandiko

n’ibitekerezo binyuranye, yasanze byaba byiza kwibanda ku
ndangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda ari zo: Gukunda Igihugu, Ubumwe,
Ubupfura n’Umurimo. Buri Munyarwanda azigize ize uko ari enye,
byamubera imbaduko ituma afatanya n’abandi gukataza bajya imbere.

Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi

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INTEGO Z’IGITABO

Intego rusange
Iki gitabo kigamije kugaragaza indangagaciro z’ingenzi zafashije kandi
zizahora zifasha Abanyarwanda kubaka Igihugu giteye imbere, ari mu
bukungu ari no mu mibereho myiza y’abagituye.

Intego zihariye
Gufasha Abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga kumva no gusobanukirwa
indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda;

Korohereza abashaka gukora imfashanyigisho ku ndangagaciro

z’umuco w’u Rwanda.

IMITERERE Y’IGITABO

Iki gitabo kigizwe n’ibice bitatu byose bigamije gusesengura

indangagaciro n’ibizira dusanga mu muco w’Abanyarwanda.

Umutwe wa mbere ugizwe n’ibisobanuro by’amagambo y’ingenzi

akoreshwa muri iki gitabo. Muri uyu mutwe kandi hagaragazwa
imitekerereze y’Abanyarwanda ku Mana, ku Gihugu no ku buyobozi.

Umutwe wa kabiri usesengura indangagaciro Abanyarwanda bahuriyeho,

bakanazibonamo by’umwihariko. Uyu mutwe kandi ugaruka ku bizira
Abanyarwanda bakwiye kwirinda.

Umutwe wa gatatu urerekana ingamba z’ingenzi zo kwimakaza

indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda kugira ngo zirusheho kugera kuri
benshi.

Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi

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 UMUTWE WA MBERE: IBISOBANURO BY’AMAGAMBO

UMUCO

Ijambo umuco rikomoka ku nshinga “guca”, akaba ari yo mpamvu

bagira bati: “Uyu mwana afite ingeso nziza aca kuri se cyangwa kuri
nyina”. Ibi bisobanura ko umuco ari ibyo dukomora ku batubanjirije.

Ariko kandi, nk’uko Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku

burezi, ubumenyi n’Umuco (UNESCO) ribivuga, umuco ni uruhurirane
rw’uburyo n’ubushobozi abantu bubaka amateka y’imibereho
n’imibanire byabo bahereye ku bumenyi bakomora ku bakurambere
babo. Ubwo bumenyi bugaragarira mu bugeni, ubuhanzi, ururimi
n’amarenga bakoresha mu kuganira no guhererekanya amakuru
cyangwa gutumanaho. Ibyo byose bikababera nk’igicumbi k’imihango
n’imigenzo bemeranywaho, ibafasha kubaho, kwitwara neza no gukora
ibikwiye mu muryango [UNESCO, 1982].

Umuco ni ishingiro ry’ubumwe bw’abenegihugu kuko bawusangiye,

ukabaranga. Ni ishingiro ry’ituze mu muryango w’abantu kuko uhuza
abenegihugu mu mikorere, mu mihango, mu migenzo no mu bihangano
byabo.

Umuco w’umuntu ntuvukanwa, ahubwo uratozwa. Utandukanye na

kamere muntu kuko wo ari imyitwarire, imitekerereze, ubumenyi,
imyemerere umuntu agenda ahererekanya n’abandi bitewe n’ahantu
batuye, amateka yabo n’ibibakikije. Ni na wo uyobora abawusangiye
mu ruhando rw’amahanga, bigatuma abenegihugu bagira uko bateye
n’imyifatire ibatandukanya n’abandi.

Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi

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Uko ibihe bisimburana, umuco wubakwa n’ibintu bitatu (3) bisobekeranye
ari byo umurage, ibitirano n’ibihangano, nk’uko bigaragara muri iki
gishushanyo.

UMURAGE IBITIRANO

UMUCO

IBIHANGANO

Umurage ni ibyo abakurambere badusigiye kandi tugenderaho

nk’ururimi, ubuvanganzo, imihango, imyemerere, imitekerereze,
imikorere, imyitwarire, n’ibindi.

Ibitirano ni ibyo tuvana mu mico y’ibindi bihugu ariko bifitiye

Abanyarwanda akamaro. Twavuga nk’amagambo ava mu ndimi
z’amahanga (demokarasi, perezida, ishuri, karibu, akarango, terefoni...);
nk’imirimo y’amahoteri, imyuga ya sinema,...); nk’iyobokamana
rishya (abagatorika, abaporotesitanti, abayisilamu). Twavuga kandi
n’imikorere mishya (kwambara imyenda, imiturirwa, n’ibindi...).

Ibihangano ni ibyo abantu bahanga bagamije gusubiza ibibazo barimo

nk’abunzi, gira inka, umugoroba w’ababyeyi, inganda ndangamuco,
n’ibindi.

Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi

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INDANGAGACIRO

Ntibyoroshye gutandukanya umuco n’indangagaciro ziwugize, kuko

ahanini umuco w’abantu ugaragarira nyine mu ndangagaciro.
Indangagaciro ni imyumvire, imitekerereze n’imigirire myiza bishingiye
ku muco biranga abantu babihuriyeho, bigashimwa n’ababibona
bakifuza kubikurikiza.

Mu magambo make, indangagaciro ni ibimenyetso ngiro n’imyifatire

myiza biranga abantu batuye igihugu iki n’iki; ni ibikorwa ndangamuco
abanyagihugu bemera, kandi bifuza ko byahora bibaranga,
bikanabitirirwa uko ibihe biha ibindi, bikaba amahame y’uburere
atozwa abato.

KIRAZIRA

Kirazira ni indindagaciro zituma ingeso mbi n’imyitwarire igayitse

bikumirwa kugira ngo bidahungabanya imibanire myiza, bigateza
igisebo, umugayo ndetse n’akaga mu muryango n’Igihugu.

IGIHUGU

Igihugu ni akarere gatuwe n’abantu benshi bahuriye ku muyobozi

umwe n’amategeko bishyiriraho ngo abagenge. Igihugu kirangwa
n’ubutaka bufite imbibi zizwi, amateka, ubutegetsi n’ibirango abagituye
bahuriyeho kandi bibonamo.

Mu myemerere yabo gakondo Abanyarwanda bemera ko Igihugu cyabo

bagihawe n’Imana. U Rwanda kuri bo si Igihugu gusa Imana yabahaye;
ahubwo ni ibyo batunze, ibitekerezo, imyemerere, inzozi zabo n’ibindi
byose bafite ku mutima. Ni yo mpamvu bagira bati: “Umunyarwanda ni
uw’umutima” (Nothomb D., 1965, p.54).

Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi

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 UMUTWE WA KABIRI: INDANGAGACIRO REMEZO

“Mu rwego rwo kubaka Igihugu, kwimakaza umuco wacyo no kwihesha

agaciro, Abanyarwanda bashingiye ku ndangagaciro zabo, bashyiraho
uburyo bwo kwishakamo ibisubizo by’ibibazo byabo”.
(Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, 2015 ingingo ya 11)

Uyu mutwe usesengura indangagaciro Abanyarwanda bahuriyeho

kandi bibonamo. Ni zo zibatandukanya n’abanyamahanga, zikagira
uruhare mu iterambere ry’Igihugu. Izo ndangagaciro zigaragarira
mu myemerere, mu myumvire, mu migenzereze, mu mivugire no mu
mibanire by’Abanyarwanda.

Kuva kuri Gihanga wahanze u Rwanda, imyemerere yabo yari ishingiye

ku kwemera no kubaha Imana. Iyo myemerere yatumaga hari ibyo
batinya kandi bakaziririza byerekeye Imana, u Rwanda n’Ingoma: Imana
Rurema, Igihugu ingobyi ibahetse, Ingoma n’Umwami bihagarariye iyo
Mana.

Mu myemerere y’Abanyarwanda kandi, umutima ni wo kicaro

k’indangagaciro, ibyo bemera ndetse n’ibyo baziririza. Ni igicumbi
k’imico myiza iranga Umunyarwanda. Ni yo mpamvu bagira bati:
“Umunyarwanda ni uw’umutima” (Nothomb D., 1965, p.54).

Umutima w’Abanyarwanda n’indangagaciro ziwugize cyanecyane

izigenga imibanire y’Abanyarwanda mu muryango, izigenga imibanire
yabo n’Igihugu hamwe n’izigenga imibanire y’Abanyarwanda
n’ubutegetsi zishingiye ku “Kubaha Imana”. Imana kuri bo ni yo
ntangiriro ya byose kandi ni yo yaremye byose nk’uko bigaragara mu
mvugo no mu mazina menshi bagenda bayiha (Muzungu B., 1975, pp.
67-75): Imana y’i Rwanda, Iyambere, Iyakare, Rugira, Nyirububasha,
Nyagasani...

Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi

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Muri uyu mutwe rero, indangagaciro zirimo ibyiciro bibiri: indangagaciro
remezo n’indangagaciro zizishamikiyeho. Urebye, indangagaciro zose
zirangana, ntayisumba izindi ahubwo zikagenda zisobekerana kandi
zuzuzanya. Bitewe n’icyo umuryango uyu n’uyu ushaka gushyira
imbere, usanga hari indangagaciro wibandaho kurusha izindi zikaba
ari zo ziwuranga. Urugero: Hari imiryango mu Rwanda izwiho kugira
ubwuzu no kwakira neza abayigana, hakaba hari n’izwiho kuganira
no gusabana kurusha indi. Kuba iyo miryango yarashyize imbere izo
ndangagaciro, ntibivanaho ko abayigize baba bafite n’izindi ziranga
Umunyarwanda.

Indangagaciro remezo muri uyu mutwe ni indangagaciro Leta y’u

Rwanda yasanze ari zo z’ingenzi zikwiye kuranga Abanyarwanda mu
mibereho yabo kugira ngo bagere ku iterambere rirambye. Muri izo
ndangagaciro remezo, hari eshatu ziri mu kirango cya Repubulika y’u
Rwanda, mu Itegeko Nshinga no mu ndirimbo yubahiriza Igihugu ari
zo: “Gukunda Igihugu, Ubumwe, Umurimo”.
Kuri izo ndangagaciro eshatu hiyongeraho Ubupfura bukubiyemo imico
myiza iranga Umunyarwanda.

Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi

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 GUKUNDA IGIHUGU

Gukunda Igihugu ni ugukunda bene cyo, abagituye nta kuvangura,

gukunda ibikigize byose nk’ubutaka, ururimi, umuco, amateka;
kugikorera, kubumbatira umutekano n’ubusugire bwacyo, kukitangira
byaba ngombwa ukaba wanagipfira.

Ibiranga gukunda Igihugu

Gukunda Igihugu ku Banyarwanda bigaragarira mu buryo bagiha
agaciro kandi bagashishikarira kugikunda, kugikorera no kukitangira.

Abanyarwanda bahurira ku mutima nama utuma bakunda Igihugu

cyabo kuko bumva bafite inyungu zimwe, umurage umwe, bakanagira
ikerekezo kimwe.

Kuva kera kandi, Abanyarwanda bashima ingirakamaro n’abaharanira

ubusugire bw’Igihugu, haba ku rugamba rw’umuheto, mu butegetsi,
mu bukungu, mu butabera n’imibereho myiza, n’ahandi.

Indangagaciro zishamikiye ku gukunda Igihugu

Mu ndangagaciro zishamikiye ku Gukunda Igihugu, harimo kubaha
ubuyobozi, kugira ubwitange, kugira ubutwari, kugira uruhare mu
bikorwa by’Igihugu, gucunga neza ibya rubanda, kubungabunga
umutekano no kugira ishyaka.

Kubaha ubuyobozi
Abanyarwanda bubaha ubuyobozi bwiza n’ibiburanga kandi
bakubahiriza amategeko. Abayobozi beza na bo bubaha abo bayobora
bakanubahiriza amategeko, ubwo bakaba bahaye agaciro ubuyobozi.

Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi

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Kugira ubwitange
Ubwitange ni ugukora utizigama, ukigomwa inyungu zawe bwite
ushyira imbere inyungu rusange n’iz’Igihugu, ndetse byaba ngombwa
ugahara ubuzima (NIC, 2014, p.42).

Umunyarwanda ukunda Igihugu arakitangira. Mu Rwanda rwa kera,

hari abatasi n’abatabazi bajyaga ku rugamba bazi neza ko bashobora
kugwayo. Hari n’abacengeri bemeraga kuba ibitambo, bakamenera
amaraso yabo ishyanga, ku nyungu z’Igihugu.

Muri iki gihe, ubwitange bugaragarira mu bikorwa bigamije guteza

imbere Igihugu no kurengera ubusugire bwacyo. Uwitanze ntagomba
kwirata ibyo yakoze, ahubwo inyungu zivuyemo azisangira n’abandi.

Kurangwa n’ubutwari
Ubutwari bujyana n’ishyaka ryo gukurikirana ibyo umuntu yiyemeje
kugeraho, bikavamo igikorwa k’ikirenga gifitiye abandi akamaro,
akabikora mu bupfura, mu kwihangana no mu bwitange buhebuje,
kandi akirinda ubugwari mu migirire ye, ntagamburuzwe n’amananiza.

Ubutwari bufatwa nko kwiyemeza gukora ikintu ugamije ineza y’abantu

benshi, byaba ngombwa ukaba wabizira. Intwari ntizitinya gutanga
ubuzima bwazo bitewe n’uko ziba zemera ukuri kandi zikaba ziteguye
kugupfira bibaye ngombwa (CHENO, 2015, p.11).

Umuco w’ubutwari wo ni amatwara meza abantu bumvikanaho,

akabaranga mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, akabaha ikerekezo
gihamye, bagamije iterambere rusange n’ubusugire bw’igihugu cyabo.

Mu Rwanda, umuco w’ubutwari ugaragara mu bihe bitandukanye

by’amateka y’Igihugu. Amateka ya kera atwereka ko Abanyarwanda
bumvaga ko: “U Rwanda rutera rudaterwa”; ibi bikaba byaragaragazaga
ikizere bagiriraga ubutwari bw’ingabo zabo.

Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi

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Amateka kandi atwereka ko kwigomwa inyungu bwite ugamije inyungu
rusange ukaba wanakwemera guhara amagara yawe, byaranze
Abanyarwanda benshi. Kwanga kurwanirira Igihugu kubera gutinya
urupfu ni igisebo k’uwabikoze, n’ubu bamuciraho wa mugani ngo:
“Wanga kumenera Igihugu amaraso, imbwa zikayanywera ubusa”.

Kugira ishyaka
Abanyarwanda bakunze gukoresha amagambo “kurwana ishyaka”
bashaka kuvuga imbaraga n’ubukaka umuntu agira mu gushyigikira
ibyo yashyize imbere.

Ishyaka rero ni umutima umuntu agira umutera ubwira bwo gukora

ikintu kubera kwanga kurushwa cyangwa kugawa. Ishyaka rituma
umuntu ahagurukira gukora icyo akunze, akagikora neza kandi vuba.

Kugira ubushishozi
Kugira ubushishozi bijyana no kwitonda; umuntu akareba kure,
akamenya ukuri kutagaragarira buri wese. Ubushishozi bufasha mu
gutekereza ku biriho n’ibizaza, inyungu n’ingaruka byagira, maze
bigatuma umuntu afata ikemezo gikwiye mu gihe nyacyo.

Umuco w’u Rwanda utoza abantu gushishoza, ukabigisha ko nta

gikorwa gihutiyeho, ko umuntu ari ubanza kwitonda agatekereza ku
byo agiye gukora; bityo, akirinda guhubuka. Ni bwo bavuga ko Uwitonze
akama ishashi.

Kubungabunga umutekano
Umunyarwanda uboneye amenya ko ashinzwe umutekano w’abantu
n’ibintu muri rusange. Umutekano we bwite awukesha umutekano
rusange wabungabunzwe na bose. Umutekano uha abantu umwanya
wo gutekereza no gukora ibikorwa byiza bibateza imbere ubwabo
n’Igihugu kandi bigakorwa mu mudendezo.

Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi

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Kwagura amarembo
Kubera impamvu zitandukanye zishingiye ku mateka y’Igihugu,
iterambere, ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, umuco w’u Rwanda waguye
amarembo maze usabana n’imico y’ahandi. Kwagura amarembo
bigaragarira mu buryo u Rwanda rubanye n’amahanga, mu korohereza
ishoramari, amashuri mpuzamahanga ari mu Rwanda, koroshya urujya
n’uruza rw’abantu n’ibintu, n’ibindi.

Kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by’Igihugu

Buri Munyarwanda afite ijambo mu bimukorerwa. Imiyoborere rero
igomba kumushingiraho akagira uruhare mu igenamigambi ry’Igihugu
no mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryaryo. Abanyarwanda bakwiye kandi
kugira uruhare mu ikurikiranabikorwa no mu isuzumabikorwa, mu
gutora no gushyiraho ababayobora.

Gucunga neza ibya rubanda

Umunyarwanda ukunda Igihugu amenya gutandukanya ibye bwite
n’ibyo acungiye rubanda. Ushinzwe gucunga ibya rubanda arabyubaha,
akanagira inshingano zo kubiteza imbere no kubyongera.

Umuyobozi nyawe ni uyoborana umutima akubahiriza Itegeko

Nshinga n’andi mategeko, akoresha neza icyubahiro afite, ububasha
n’uburenganzira yemerewe.

Kurwanya ruswa n’akarengane

Ruswa ni uburyo cyangwa igikorwa byo gukoresha nabi ububasha
umuntu yahawe mu nyungu ze bwite.

Ruswa igaragarira mu ngeri nyinshi: kwakira amaturo (impano)

anyuranye kugira ngo ukunde ukore icyo wagombaga gukora nta kiguzi,
cyangwa se ureke gukora icyo ushinzwe mu nyungu z’uguhaye impano.
Ruswa ishobora kuba kandi ikimenyane, icyenewabo, irondakoko
n’irondakarere, gutonesha, kuba nyamugwahashashe cyangwa
rutemayeze, kwigengesera ngo utiteranya cyangwa se kudakorera igihe

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ibyo ugomba gukora kugira ngo ukugana namara gusiragira kenshi
yibwirize n’ibindi.

Gutandukanya ruswa n’akarengane biragoye, kuko usanga byegeranye

cyangwa se kimwe gikomoka ku kindi. Ruswa ikurura akarengane
nk’uko akarengane na ko gashobora kuyiha icyuho.

Ruswa imunga umutima nama w’abantu benshi, ikazitira iterambere

ry’umuco, poritiki, imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’ubukungu bw’igihugu
muri rusange.

Guharanira ubutabera
Umunyarwanda w’umutima kandi ukunda Igihugu ke, akora igikwiye
mu gihe gikwiye. Aharanira ko buri wese abona ibimugenewe. Mu
gihe cy’amakimbirane, ayakemura atabereye cyangwa ngo agire uwo
arenganya, agaca urubanza araramye.

Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye
Guteza imbere Igihugu ni inshingano ya buri Munyarwanda: abagore
n’abagabo, abakobwa n’abahungu. Kubaha agaciro kangana ni
ukubahiriza ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu burere, mu
burezi, mu mirimo, mu kuzungura.

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Kirazira zerekeye ku gukunda Igihugu

Gutatira Igihugu
Gutatira Igihugu ni ukukigambanira, kugisebya, kumena ibanga ryacyo
kuko Igihugu ari ingobyi ihetse ba nyiracyo. Kirazira rero gutatira
Igihugu kuko byaba ari nko gutema ishami wicayeho.

Kuyobora nabi
Kuyobora nabi ni nko gucamo abantu ibice, kubogama, gutonesha,
gukoresha ikenewabo, kutavugisha ukuri no guhisha rubanda ibyo
bagomba kumenya, kwaka ruswa, kuyirya no kuyitanga. Kuyobora
nabi kandi ni uguhohotera no gusuzugura abo uyobora mu buryo ubwo
ari bwo bwose.

Byongeye kandi, kuyobora nabi ni ukwishyira hejuru y’amategeko,

kurenganya abo uyobora, gutegekesha igitugu no kwica nkana
amategeko n’amasezerano witwaje ububasha ufite.

Kuba ikigwari
Ikigwari ni umuntu utagize icyo amarira abandi kandi akanga kugera
ku ntego. Ntashobora kugira icyo akora kuko ahora afite ubwoba,
agatinya no kuvugisha ukuri ngo atiteranya cyangwa ngo yikure aho
yari ari.

Kugenzwa n’inyungu bwite, inda nini n’umururumba

Kugenzwa n’inyungu bwite ni ukwirengagiza inyungu rusange mu bintu
bihuriweho na benshi. Abantu bakora batyo usanga iyo babonye inyungu
bari bategereje ku gikorwa ari nke, cyangwa ari nta yo, bakidindiza
cyangwa bakakireka, kabone niyo byaba byari bugirire abantu benshi
akamaro. Iyi ngeso igendana n’inda nini ndetse n’umururumba.

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Inda nini ituma umuntu atareba kure, agatererana abo bari kumwe,
umugambi bihaye ntawuhe agaciro, agakurikirana inyungu bwite aho
gufatanya n’abandi. Arikunda, agira ubusambo akanikubira.

Gusambira ibyaduka
Gusambira ibyaduka ni gusamira hejuru no gukoyora imico y’ahandi
nta gushungura, kwigana buhumyi imico n’imyitwarire by’ahandi nko
mu myambarire, imivugire, imihimbire n’imibyinire.

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 UBUMWE

Abanyarwanda babona ubumwe nk’imigenzereze y’abaturage bemera

ko basangiye ubwenegihugu, umuco n’uburenganzira bungana,
barangwa n’ubwizerane, ubworoherane, ubwubahane, uburinganire,
ukuri, komorana ibikomere kugira ngo bashobore kwiteza imbere mu
mahôro asesuye (NURC.,2007, p.6).

Amateka y’imibanire y’Abanyarwanda yagiye atokozwa n’imiyoborere

mibi yashyize imbere ivangura, itonesha n’ihezwa rya bamwe. byagiye
bituma Abanyarwanda bashyamirana kugeza habaye Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi. Nyamara kuva kera, ubumwe ni indangagaciro
ikomeye Abanyarwanda bagiye bashingiraho mu kwiyubaka ubwabo
no gukomeza Igihugu cyabo. Kandi ni mu gihe Abanyarwanda bagira
bati: “Ababiri bajya inama baruta umunani urasana”.

Ibiranga ubumwe

Mu kinyarwanda bavuga ko kubaho ari ukubana. Ni yo mpamvu

ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda ari indangagaciro y’ingenzi. Ni inkingi
mwikorezi y’iterambere yubakiye ku bwubahane, ubwizerane, ukuri,
uburinganire, ubworoherane, ubufatanye, n’umuco w’amahoro.

Indangagaciro zishamikiye ku bumwe

Indangagaciro zifitanye isano n’ubumwe ni nyinshi; ariko icyo
zihuriyeho zose ni uko zifasha abantu mu mibanire yabo, bakuzuzanya,
bagafatanya, bagashyira hamwe mu kubaka umuryango ndetse
n’Igihugu. Zimwe mu ndangagaciro zifasha mu kunga ubumwe ni izi
zikurikira:

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Kubaha ubuzima
Mu muco w’u Rwanda, kugira ubuzima ni indangagaciro mpuzabantu,
kuko ubwo buzima umuntu abwifuriza abandi, akabuhabwa n’abandi,
na we akabuha abandi.

Uburenganzira bwa muntu bwa mbere ni ukubaho, kuko agaciro

ka muntu ari ntagereranywa. Abanyarwanda bagira bati: “Amagara
ntaguranwa amagana”, kandi bakongera bati: “Amagara araseseka
ntayorwa”.

Kugira ubuzima bisobanura kugubwa neza, kurama no kuramba;

kugira ubuzima burangwa n’impagarike n’ubugingo. Abanyarwanda
mu mibanire yabo ya buri munsi baba bifurizanya ubuzima bwiza,
bikagaragarira muri ibi bikurikira:

- Kuramukanya: Umunyarwanda aramutsa undi amubaza amakuru

y’uko ubuzima bwe bumeze muri icyo gihe bahuye (waramutse,
wiriweho, waraye...).

- Gusezera: Abanyarwanda basezeranaho bifurizanya kugumana

ubuzima. (wirirweho, uramuke; urare aharyana ahataryana
harare umwanzi ...).

- Kwifurizanya amahirwe n’ibyiza: Mu gusabana n’abandi,

Abanyarwanda bifurizanya kugira umuryango, kugira amaboko
n’ubutunzi (gira so, gira umugabo, gira umugore, urakabyara, gira
abana, gira inka...).

Ku ndangagaciro yo kubaha ubuzima, hashamikiyeho izindi

ndangagaciro zijyanye no kubaha uburenganzira bwa muntu, kwirinda
ihohotera iryo ari ryo ryose no kwiyitaho, n’izindi zifite aho zihurira
n’ubuzima bw’umuntu cyangwa ubw’abandi.

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Kubaha umuryango
Umuryango ni ipfundo ry’ubumwe n’ubuzima bw’abawugize, ukaba
ishingiro ry’Igihugu, n’igicumbi gitorezwamo kugira ubumuntu,
kikigirwamo kubana n’abandi.

Umuryango ni isangano ry’abawugize: abakurambere, abakambwe,

ababyeyi, abana, abuzukuru, abuzukuruza, ubuvivi n’ubuvivure.
Umuryango ni urubuga rw’ibiganiro by’abasangiye byose: akabisi
n’agahiye, ibyishimo n’amakuba. Umuryango kandi ni ishuri ryigirwamo
uburere mboneragihugu.

Umuryango mwiza urangwa n’imico myiza isangiwe n’abawugize:

gukundana, kubahana, guha agaciro kangana “hungu” na “kobwa”,
kwihanganirana, gusabana no guhana imbabazi, kujya inama, kugira
ibanga, kwizerana, gushimira, kugira ubupfura n’ikinyabupfura,
n’ibindi.

Kubana
Abanyarwanda bumva ko umuntu agomba kumenya kubaho
atabangamiye abandi, akagira imyitwarire ya gipfura. Kubana ni
ukumvikana abantu bakabana mu mahoro.

Imibanire y’Abanyarwanda yashimangirwaga n’imwe mu mihango

n’imiziririzo byatumaga abantu badahemukirana cyangwa ngo
bahemukire Igihugu, nko kunywana bahana igihango. N’ubu kandi
abantu bahana igihango gishingiye ku ijambo no ku masezerano yo
kudahemukirana.

Kubaha no kurangwa n’ikinyabupfura

Kubaha ni ukwemera ko undi muntu ari nkawe, yaba akuruta cyangwa
umuruta. Kubaha ni uguha umuntu agaciro n’icyubahiro akwiye.
Kubaha ni umuco Abanyarwanda batozwa bakiri bato, haba mu
rugo, mu muryango no mu mashuri. By’umwihariko, Abanyarwanda
batozwaga: Kubaha Imana, kubaha ababyeyi, kubaha ubuyobozi,

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kubaha umuryango, kubaha ubuzima, kubaha abakuruta, kubaha
bagenzi bawe, kubaha ibikorwa byawe n’iby’abandi.

Bityo rero, uburere bwiza mu Rwanda ni ubushingiye ku kubaha. Mu

muryango, umugabo, umugore n’abana bafite inshingano yo kubahana,
ibyo bigatuma barushaho kumvikana. Mu gihugu, abagituye baba
bagomba kubahana, buri wese akemera ko mugenzi we ashobora kugira
ibitekerezo bitandukanye n’ibye, ariko babihuza bikaba imbarutso
y’iterambere.

Abana bagomba gukura batozwa kubaha ababyeyi, abakuru, kwiyubaha

bo ubwabo, kubaha abo baruta n’abo bangana. Uwujuje iyi ndangagaciro
yo kubaha, Abanyarwanda bavuga ko agira ikinyabupfura.

Ikinyabupfura rero ni imico n’imigenzereze myiza bishingiye ku burere

bwiza umuntu yatojwe kuva akiri muto, akamenya kwiyubaha no
kubaha abandi bikamutandukanya n’umunyamusozi.

Gufatanya
Gufatanya ni ugukorera hamwe umurimo umwe, abantu baterana
inkunga. Uko ubufatanye bugenda bwiyongera byubaka ubumwe
n’ubuvandimwe.

Abanyarwanda bagomba gufatanya, bakisungana mu ngeri zose, nko

mu buvuzi, mu bukungu n’ibindi; bakabona ko abantu ari magirirane
kandi ko inkingi imwe itagera inzu. Bafatanya kwita ku ngo zabo
zikagwiza ibizitunga, bityo bagateza igihugu cyabo imbere.

Gutabarana
Gutabarana ni igikorwa cyo kwihutira kugoboka no gufasha uwugarijwe
n’ibyago agashobora kubyihanganira cyangwa kubizibukira kandi na
we akabigenzereza atyo abandi mu gihe bibabayeho.

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Abunze ubumwe baragobokana nko mu gutabara uwapfushije,
uwagwiriwe n’ibiza cyangwa uwarwaye. Gutabarana birimo no kwita
ku batishoboye n’abanyantege nke batagira kivurira.

Gusabana
Gusabana ni ukugira umushyikirano ukomeye hagati y’abantu, buri
wese akisanzura ku wundi mu bwuzu bwinshi, nta buryarya. Iyo abagize
umuryango muto cyangwa mugari bunze ubumwe, bagira ubufatanye
busesuye.

Kwizerana no kujya inama

Kwizerana ni imyitwarire y’abantu bemera kandi batekereza ko nta kibi
gishobora kuva kuri umwe muri bo ngo kige ku wundi, ko amasezerano
bagiranye azasohozwa bakabana mu mahoro.

Kujya inama ni ukungurana ibitekerezo mu kizere buri wese agatega

amatwi mugenzi we, kugira ngo bagere ku myanzuro y’ingirakamaro.
Abunze ubumwe baba bakwiye kwizerana; maze ibyo bemeje
bikaborohera kubishyira mu bikorwa.

Gucudika
Ubucuti ni umubano uhamye uturutse ku mutima, ugakomezwa
n’ibikorwa bigaragara nko gushyira hamwe, gusurana, gutabarana,
kugirana inama, gufashanya, gushyingirana, n’ibindi. Abanyarwanda
bashima umuntu umenya kubana bagashyira imbere ubucuti kuko
buhuza abantu.

Kugira ubwuzu
Ubwuzu ni ibyishimo by’umutima umuntu yakirana abandi. Kugira
ubwuzu bigaragarira mu binezaneza, mu nseko, mu rugwiro wakirana
ukugana.

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Kugira ubuntu
Ubuntu ni ugutanga nta cyo usabwe cyangwa utegereje ku wo uhaye.
Kugira ubuntu ni ukugira umutima ugira impuhwe, ufasha abandi
kandi ugatanga nta nyungu utegereje. No mu kwimika umwami
bamwifurizaga kuba indakemwa (“kugira ubutangwa”) no “kugira
ubuntu bumugenda mu maboko”.

Kuzirikana
Kuzirikana ni ugutekereza ikintu ku buryo bwimbitse ukagihozaho
umutima. Kuzirikana kandi ni ukugira umutima wibuka ibyahise,
byaba ibyiza cyangwa ibibi. Kuzirikana bituma umuntu yibuka ko ibyo
yagezeho hari benshi babigizemo uruhare, maze na we agaharanira
kuzamura abo afite icyo arusha.

Kuganura
Mu muco w’Abanyarwanda, kuganura byari igikorwa cyo kwishimira
no gusangira umusaruro wa mbere w’imbuto nkuru (amasaka, uburo,
isogi n’inzuzi). Byabanzaga gukorerwa ibwami mbere yo gusakara mu
miryango, mu gihe k’imboneka z’ukwezi kwa Gashyantare kwa buri
mwaka (Coupez A., et all, 2005, p.552).

Muri iki gihe, hakorwa umuhango wo gusangira umusaruro, abantu

bakishimira ibyo bagezeho bivuye mu maboko yabo kandi bafatanyije.
Umuganura wizihizwa ku rwego rw’Igihugu no mu miryango buri
mwaka ku wa Gatanu wa mbere w’ukwezi kwa Kanama.

Leta y’u Rwanda ikangurira Abanyarwanda guhurira mu muryango ku

munsi w’umuganura bagasabana, bakarebera hamwe ibyo bagezeho
nk’umuryango kandi bagafata ingamba zo kurushaho gukora umwaka
utaha.

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Kirazira zerekeye ubumwe

Umubano mu bantu uhera ku muntu ku giti ke. Nyamara umuntu

si nyamwigendaho, abantu ni magirirane. Kugira ngo umuntu abeho,
ni ngombwa kubana n’abandi kandi akitwararika ku byahungabanya
umubano we n’abandi, ari byo:

Kugira ivangura no kubiba amacakubiri

Kugira ivangura ni ukugira umutima uhitamo abantu ugaheza abandi
ushingiye ku moko, ku gitsina, ku madini, ku turere, ku kimenyane,
ku kenewabo, ku bumuga cyangwa uburwayi, ku nzego z’imibereho,
ku bukungu n’ibindi bishobora gutandukanya abantu.
Kubiba amacakubiri ni ukuba intandaro y’ubwumvikane buke
n’urwangano byaduka mu bavandimwe cyangwa abandi bantu bari
basanzwe bumvikana.

Umunyarwanda yirinda amacakubiri n’ivangura, akanabirwanya

aho biva bikagera kuko ari yo ntandaro y’umwiryane, akarengane
n’intambara.

Gusuzugura
Gusuzugura cyangwa kugira agasuzuguro bigaragarira mu kudaha
umuntu cyangwa ikintu icyubahiro n’agaciro bikwiye ukabigaragariza
mu magambo cyangwa mu bikorwa. Gusuzugura kandi ni ukudakora
icyo usabwe cyangwa ugomba gukora ku bwende cyangwa ubitegetswe.

Agasuzuguro kica ubumwe bw’abantu kuko kabiba urwango n’ipfunwe

mu mutima w’uwasuzuguwe bikamutera kudashaka kubana no
gukorana n’uwamusuzuguye.

Kwishishanya
Kwishishanya ni urwikekwe ruterwa no gutinya, nta mpamvu zifite
ishingiro, ko undi muntu yakugirira nabi. Kwishishanya kandi ni ingeso
usanga ahanini ikururwa n’ibyo umuntu aba yarabonye cyangwa
byamubayeho.
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Kwishishanya akenshi bigendana n’ikinyoma, bityo ugasanga bitiza
umurindi ingeso mbi nko gukorera mu bwiru, kwironda, ikenewabo
n’iyindi myitwarire idahwitse.

Kwironda
Kwironda ni imitekerereze n’imikorere iheza abantu mudafitanye isano
ishingiye ku bwoko, ku karere, ku madini n’ibindi byose bishobora
gushingirwaho abantu bitarura abandi.

Abarangwa no kwironda ntibihanganira gukorana n’uwo badahuje.

Barabihisha, bikaba byatuma bashyamirana iyo bagiranye ikibazo,
kabone n’ubwo cyaba kidakomeye. Kwironda bituma bamwe bagira
uburenganzira busumba ubw’abandi maze bikageza ku itonesha
cyangwa ikandamiza.

Gutonesha
Gutonesha ni ugukundwakaza umuntu cyangwa itsinda ry’abantu
ukabarutisha abandi. Gutonesha kandi biherekezwa no guha
abatoneshejwe ibiruta ibyo bakwiye, ugasanga bagenzi babo
babirenganiyemo.

Gutonesha bikunze gukorerwa mu ibanga rikomeye, bigakurura

amakimbirane mu bantu kuko akenshi utoneshwa akunze guhakirizwa
no kubunza amagambo ateranya.

Gukorera mu dutsiko
Udutsiko ni ijambo rikunze gukoreshwa bavuga udutsinda duhuza
abantu bake baba bitandukanyije na bagenzi babo, bagakora ibibi
rwihishwa kuko abakora ibyiza mu kinyarwanda batitwa agatsiko
ahubwo bitwa itsinda (Coupez A., et all, 2005, p.2555).

Abakorera mu dutsiko usanga ibitekerezo byabo biba bidashingiye

ku kuri, biba bigamije kwironda no kwikubira akaba ari yo mpamvu
badashobora kubigaragariza abandi.

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Kubogama
Kubogama ni ugukoresha nk’ikenewabo, ikimenyane, amarangamutima
cyangwa ruswa kugira ngo ugenere umuntu ibyo adakwiye. Ibyo bitera
akarengane, bikaba byakurura amakimbirane n’amacakubiri.

Kurangwa n’ihohotera
Guhohotera umuntu ni ukwiyenza ku utakwakuye cyangwa ngo
agutereho amahane, ahubwo ari ukubera ko umurusha imbaraga
cyangwa umufiteho ububasha. Bigaragarira mu kumushyira ku nkeke
byaba mu magambo, byaba mu bikorwa.

Umuturarwanda wese agomba kwirinda no kurwanya guhohotera

mugenzi we nko gufata undi ku ngufu, kwangiza abana no kubakoresha
imirimo ivunanye, gukoresha imvugo isesereza, gusebanya, n’ibindi.

Gutsimbarara ku kibi
Gutsimbarara ku kibi ni ukwihambira ku muntu, ku kintu, ku hantu
nawe uzi ko ari kibi ntukireke, kabone niyo byaba bigaragarira bose ko
wagombye kuva ku izima. Gutsimbarara ku kibi bigaragaza kudashaka
kumvikana no kubana n’abandi mu mahoro.

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 UBUPFURA

Ubupfura ni inkingi ikomeye mu muco w’u Rwanda. Ni ipfundo

rikubiyemo imyitwarire myiza nk’ubwangamugayo, ubudahemuka,
kwiyubaha no kubaha abandi, kwicisha bugufi, kuba umwizerwa
n’umunyakuri.

Ubupfura ni umwambaro w’umutima, bukagararagarira mu mvugo

no mu ngiro by’umuntu, bigatuma abamubona bamwizera, bakaba
banamufataho urugero. Abanyarwanda bemera ko kuba imfura
umuntu abitozwa. Mu muco w’u Rwanda, kugira uburere ni byo bituma
umuntu agera ku ntera ndende y’ubupfura.

Ibiranga ubupfura

Ubupfura burangwa n’ibintu byinshi. Bimwe muri byo ni ukugira

umutima, ubwangamugayo, ubudahemuka, kubaha indahiro
n’ijambo, ubwitange, ubumanzi, kwihangana, kuzirikana, gushishoza,
n’ibindi. Ufite iyi mico myiza agira agaciro mu bandi; bigatuma abantu
bamushima, bamwubaha, bamugirira ikizere ndetse bakamukunda.

Ubupfura butandukanye n’uburanga cyangwa ubuvuke. Ubwo rero

si ubwiza bw’umubiri cyangwa inkomoko. Umuntu abutorezwa mu
burere, na we akagira uruhare rwo kubwakira no kubuharanira. Dore
ko Uburere buruta ubuvuke, kandi hakabaho“Bwiza bupfuye ubusa”!.

Indangagaciro zishamikiye ku bupfura

Kugira umutima
Mu myumvire y’Abanyarwanda, umutima ubumbatiye ubupfura
n’imyitwarire iboneye biranga umuntu nyamuntu. Kugira umutima
ni ukugira imico myiza ishingiye ku rukundo, ubwitange, impuhwe
n’iyindi.

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Kurangwa n’ubumuntu
Mu Kinyarwanda baravuga bati: “Imfura ni zo bantu” zikarangwa
n’ubumuntu. Ubumuntu ni uburyo umuntu atekereza, akora, yifata
akamenya kwiyubaha no guha agaciro abandi, akabatega amatwi,
akabagoboka, akubaha n’ibitekerezo bikwiye byabo kuko ari abantu
nka we.

Kwitonda
Kwitonda ni ugucisha make, ukagira imyifatire myiza. Kwitonda kandi
ni ukudahubuka ari mu magambo ari no mu bikorwa, ugatuza ntugire
abo ubuza amahoro (Coupez A., et all., 2005, p.1094). Mbere yo kugira
icyo uvuga cyangwa ukora ukabanza ugashishoza kugira ngo utavuga
ubusa cyangwa se ukagira uwo ubangamira.

Mu mikorere, kwitonda bivuga gukora witaye ku byo ukora, maze

umurimo ukozwe ukaza unoze kandi ufite ireme, kuko uwitonze amira
ibinoze.

Kwanga umugayo
Kwanga umugayo ni uguca ukubiri n’ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kigayitse
gishobora gutuma ugaragara nabi cyangwa utakarizwa ikizere
n’ukikubonyeho.

Imfura yirinda gukora ikintu cyayitesha agaciro. Kugira ngo umuntu

abane neza n’abandi kandi bamushima, ahora yirinda ibikorwa
bigayitse.

Imfura ni iyo mwasezerana ntiguhemukire, mwagendana ntigusige,

mwaganira ntikuvemo, waterwa ikagutabara, yasonza ntiyibe,
musangira ntigucure, yakira ntigusuzugure, wapfa ikakurerera...

Kwiyubaha
Kwiyubaha ni ugukomera ku gaciro kawe mu mvugo no mu ngiro
wubahiriza izina n’icyubahiro ukwiye. Kwiyubaha kandi ni ukubaha
umubiri wawe, ukawurinda ibiwangiza n’ibiwandagaza.
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Kwiyoroshya no kwicisha bugufi
Kwiyoroshya no kwicisha bugufi ni imyitwarire ituma ubana n’abo
usumbya ububasha, ubwenge, ubutunzi, imyaka, n’ibindi bituma
abantu basumbana.

Kwiyoroshya no kwicisha bugufi ni indangagaciro zigaragarira mu

myitwarire yo kutishyira hejuru ngo wumve ko ari wowe uzi kandi
ushoboye byose kurusha abandi, niyo byaba ari ko bimeze. Mu
kwiyoroshya ni ho hava ubworoherane, ubwumvikane n’amahoro mu
bari basanzwe bashyamiranye.

Kuba umunyakuri
Kuba umunyakuri ni ukugira imitekerereze igororotse, iboneye,
igaragaza ibintu uko biri.

Kuba umunyakuri bishyigikira indi mico myiza ituma abantu babana

neza mu mahoro no mu bwumvikane kandi bigatuma abatannye
bikosora. Umunyakuri yimakaza ubutabera akarwanya akarengane. Ni
byo bavuga bati: “Aho kuryamira ukuri waryamira ubugi bw’intorezo”,
cyangwa bati: “Aho ukuri kugeze ikinyoma kirahunga”.

Kwihangana
Kwihangana ni ukutarambirwa ukiha umwanya uhagije kugira
ngo ugere ku cyo wifuza nubwo byaba bigaragara ko kukigeraho
byakurushya (Bizimana S., et Kayumba C., 2011, p. 261).

Uwihangana akomeza umutima mu ngorane ahura na zo, akamenya

kureba kure, akemera kubabara ariko arangamiye intego. Yihanganira
intege nke z’abandi, akabagira inama kugira ngo bahinduke.

Kurangwa n’ubumanzi
Ubumanzi ni uguharanira kutarangwaho inenge cyangwa ubusembwa
ubwo ari bwo bwose mu mico no mu myifatire (Coupez A., et all., 2005,
p.1458).

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Ubumanzi ni ubutwari bushingiye ku mutima ukomeye, ushobora
kurwanya ibishuko bijyanye n’ubutunzi, iraha ry’akanya gato n’ibindi
byose bishobora gukurura umuntu. Ubumanzi rero bujyana no
kwitsinda, uharanira kurinda izina ryawe icyasha icyo ari cyo cyose.

Kwiramira no kwitsinda
Kwiramira bikunze kujyana no kwitsinda. Kwiramira cyangwa kwitsinda
ni ukugira imbaraga z’umutima zituma ushobora kugira ubutwari
bwo kureka gukora ikidakwiye, kabone n’ubwo cyari kuba kigufitiye
inyungu muri icyo gihe.

Kwiramira no kwitsinda bifasha umuntu gukora igikwiye, bikamurinda

kwiyandarika no kwitesha agaciro. Kwiramira birinda umuntu kugwa
mu bishuko (ubusambanyi, ruswa, kunyereza umutungo...), kurenza
urugero mu myitwarire (imyambarire, imirire, imivugire...).

Kuzuza amasezerano
Abanyarwanda bashima umuntu wubahiriza ibyo yemeye gukora,
agakomera ku ijambo, indahiro n’igihango. Yubahiriza ibyo yarahiriye
mu masezerano yemeye kuko imvugo ikaba ingiro.

Kugira ijambo ryiza

Ijambo ryiza rirakiza. Kugira ijambo ryiza birengera abantu, bisaba
umugeni, bigaba inka, bihoza ababaye, birashimisha, bikanezeza mu
birori no mu bitaramo.

Gushima no gushimira
Gushima ni ukwemera agaciro n’akamaro by’ikintu kiza; naho
gushimira ni ukugaragariza uwakugiriye neza ko wanyuzwe n’agaciro
n’akamaro k’ibyo yagukoreye. Gushima no gushimira uwakugiriye neza
ni inshingano iranga ubupfura.

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Kirazira zerekeye ku bupfura

Guhemuka
Guhemuka ni imyitwarire irangwa no kunyuranya nkana n’icyo ugomba
cyangwa ukwiye gukorera undi. Umuhemu ntazirikana uwamugiriye
neza n’uwamugiriye akamaro ngo azamwiture kandi yarabifitiye
ubushobozi.

Kwiyandarika
Kwiyandarika ni ukwifata nabi mu buryo bunyuranye n’imyitwarire
iboneye kandi ibyo wakoze bibi ntugire isoni zo kubishyira ku gasozi.
Ibyo bitesha agaciro uwabikoze, abo bafitanye isano, bikaba byanasebya
Igihugu cyose.

Kubeshya
Kubeshya ni ukutavugisha ukuri. Kubeshya byangiza umubano mu
bantu, bikadindiza iterambere ry’umuntu ku giti ke ndetse n’Igihugu.
Kubeshya kandi byangiza kuko amenyera kugoreka imitekerereze ye,
kabone niyo yaba ashakisha ibyamugirira akamaro.

Abanyarwanda ntibakunda ikinyoma. Ibyo bigaragarira mu migani:

“Ikinyoma cyumvise ukuri kimena urugo.”, “Ikinyoma gihabwa intebe
ntigihabwa ikirago.”, “Ikinyoma n’umugayo biguca ku nshuti”, n’indi
myinshi.

Mu muco nyarwanda, cyanecyane nko mu misango hari ubwo abaganira

bavuga ibidahuje n’ibiriho. Ntawukwiye kubyitiranya no kubeshya kuko
biba bitagamije kuyobya abantu, kandi abaganira ubwabo n’ababumva
babimenyereye baba bazi ko ari ukuryoshya iyo mihango n’igitaramo.

Kwikuza no kwirata
Kwikuza ni ukwishimagiza wiha icyubahiro udakwiye, wivuga ibigwi
bitari byo. Kwikuza bigaragara ku bantu bahora bashaka kwerekana

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ko ibyakozwe byose ari bo byitirirwa, kandi bakumva bakwiye guhora
ari bo babishimirwa bonyine, bashaka imyanya y’icyubahiro.

Kwirata ni ukwiyogeza ubwiza, ubukaka, ubutwari, ubutunzi,

ubugiraneza, ibyo bikaba byatesha abandi agaciro (Coupez A., et all.,
2005, p.1428). Kwirata ni ingeso igaragarira mu guhora umuntu
yishyira heza, yivuga, yiyogeza kandi akabikorana umugambi wo
kwereka abandi ko abasumbye.

Kugira umururumba n’ubusambo

Umururumba ni irari rituma umuntu adashobora kwihangana abonye
ibiryo, rigatuma yumva atahazwa n’ibyagaburiwe, rikamutera gucura
abandi. Umuntu agira umururumba nanone, iyo atanyurwa n’ibyo
atunze, agahora ararikiye ibintu, bikamutera kwiba cyangwa kurigisa
iby’abandi.

Bamwe mu banyamururumba bashobora kugira nabi bakabeshya,

bakiba, bakica, kugira ngo bigwizeho ibintu. Iyo inda yasumbye
umutima ubumuntu burahazaharira.

Ubusambo ni ubujura cyangwa amayeri akoreshwa mu kwiba iby’abandi

ugamije kwigwizaho umutungo. Ni ipfa rituma umunyendanini arya
cyangwa anywa byinshi agacura abandi. Ibyo gusangira ntabikozwa
kandi aba umunyabugugu, ndetse akaba gito.

Umururumba n’ubusambo birajyana kandi bidindiza iterambere kuko

bibuza abantu gusangira neza ibyiza by’igihugu, ugasanga byikubiwe
na bamwe, bigakurura umwiryane.

Ishyari
Ishyari ni imungu iba mu mutima ikabuza kwishimira ibyo abandi
bafite n’ibyiza bagezeho. Aho kugira ngo umunyeshyari akore yongere
ibyo afite, ahorana agatima karehareha kifuza iby’abandi, akabashakira
inabi kandi agategura imigambi mibisha yo kubasubiza inyuma.

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 UMURIMO
Akamaro k’umurimo

Gukora ni inshingano ya buri wese mu muryango w’abantu kuko

ari ingirakamaro: utunga kandi ukiza uwukora, umuhesha agaciro,
wungura ubwenge iyo ukoranywe ubuhanga.

Umurimo uhesha agaciro uwukora akumva ubwe ko hari icyo yigejejeho

cyangwa agejeje ku bandi no ku Gihugu. Umurimo ukoze neza uhesha
ishema uwawukoze, ukamushimisha kandi ukamutera kwigirira
ikizere, agashyikira intego yo kwigira aho gutegereza ak’imuhana.

Indangagaciro zishamikiye ku murimo

Indangagaciro zifitanye isano n’umurimo ni nyinshi kandi zose zihuriza

ku kwihutisha iterambere ry’umuntu ubwe n’iry’Igihugu. Iz’ingenzi ni
izi zikurikira:

Kugira umurava
Kugira umurava ku murimo ni ukuwukorana umwete, ukawitaho,
ukihatira kuwurangiza neza nta kuzarira. Umunyamurava ni umuntu
wita ku murimo ashinzwe: yanga umugayo kandi ntakorere ijisho; agira
umwete kandi agaharanira kurusha, akaba indashyikirwa mu mihigo.
Arwanira ishyaka aho akorera n’abo bakorana kandi agashimishwa no
gutoza abandi cyanecyane abakiri bato umurimo umutunze.

Gukorera ku ntego, kuri gahunda no ku gihe

Kugira ngo ugere ku ntego bisaba ko ukorera kuri gahunda iteguye, buri
kintu ukagikorera mu gihe cyacyo, ukagisoza kandi ugatangira umurimo
ku isaha iteganyijwe. Gukorera ku ntego bifasha kujya wisuzuma
ukamenya intambwe wateye, aho ufite intege nke ugashyiramo ingufu
kugira ngo uzese umuhigo wihaye.

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Mu rwego rwo kwiteza imbere no guteza imbere Igihugu, u Rwanda
rwashyizeho Ikerekezo kigaragaza aho Abanyarwanda bazaba bageze
mu iterambere mu mwaka wa 2020, ndetse n’aho bagomba kuba
bageze mu mwaka wa 2050. Ni yo mpamvu buri Munyarwanda afite
inshingano yo gukorera ku ntego no ku gihe kugira ngo agere kuri icyo
kerekezo.

Gukora umurimo unoze

Kugira ngo ibyo buri wese akora bimugirire akamaro bikagirire n’Igihugu,
umurimo ukorwa ugomba kuba utunganye kandi unoze. Buri muntu
agomba kwita ku ireme n’ubuziranenge bw’ibyo akora, agaharanira
kurangiza neza ibyo ashinzwe.

Gukorera hamwe
Kugira ngo umusaruro utubuke, abantu bagomba kugira ibyo bakorera
hamwe bagafatanya. Gukorera hamwe bituma abantu bahuza imbaraga
bikababuza kuba nyamwigendaho. “Abishyize hamwe ntakibananira.”

Guhanga imirimo mishya no kuvugurura imikorere

Guhanga imirimo y’ingirakamaro ibyara inyungu kandi itanga akazi
ni inshingano ikomeye mu bihe tugezemo. Bisaba rero kuvugurura
imikorere mu mirimo hifashishwa uburyo n’ibikoresho bigezweho
nk’ikoranabuhanga.

Gucunga neza umutungo

Umunyarwanda ushyira mu gaciro acunga neza umutungo we
n’uw’Igihugu, akazigama ateganyiriza ibihe bizaza. Guteganya bijyana
no kuzigama imyaka, amafaranga n’ibindi bishobora kukugoboka.

Uretse guhunika igice cy’umusaruro hagamijwe guteganyiriza ahazaza,

ni ngombwa kumenya gukorana n’amabanki, ibigo by’imari biciriritse
no gushora imari mu bikorwa bizana inyungu. Iyo mikorere mishya
isaba kugira ubumenyi bushya no kwihugura hifashishijwe inzego
zibifitemo ubuhanga.

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Kirazira zerekeye ku murimo

Umurimo ni wo utunga umuntu ku giti ke ugatunga n’imbaga y’abantu

kandi ugateza imbere Igihugu. Ni cyo gituma kizira gusuzugura
umurimo uwo ari wo wose, kuba imburamukoro, kunebwa, kuzarira
no kutarangiza ibyo watangiye.

Kunebwa
Kunebwa ni ukutagandukira umurimo kandi ntugire icyo wibwiriza
gukora niyo byaba bigufitiye akamaro. Umunebwe akunda kuvuga
kurusha uko akora, ugasanga akenshi aba atanga ibisobanuro
by’impamvu atageze ku byo bari bamutezeho. Abanyarwanda baravuga
ngo: “Ubunebwe n’ubukene biragendana”.

Gusuzugura umurimo
Gusuzugura umurimo ni ingeso mbi yo kwanga gukora witwaje urwego
wibonamo. Gusuzugura umurimo ni ubujiji no kutareba kure kuko
ik’ibanze cyagombye kurebwa no kwitabwaho ari icyo uwo murimo
umariye nyirawo.

Kugira ngo u Rwanda rugire iterambere rihamye, ni ngombwa ko

Abanyarwanda bahindura imyumvire yabo, bakumva ko nta murimo
usuzuguritse cyanecyane iyo ufitiye akamaro uwukora. N’abakurambere
barabivuze: “Nta mwuga mubi ubaho usibye kwiba no kuroga”; “Umurimo
ni utunze nyirawo”;“Nta mwuga udakiza”; “Nta kazi k’umunyagara
kabaho!”;...

Kutigirira ikizere
Kutigirira ikizere ni uguhorana ipfunwe, ukumva ko nta cyo wishoboreye,
ugahora wisuzugura, ukitinya, bigatuma udashobora gufata ingamba
zatuma witeza imbere.

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Kwiyemera
Kwiyemera ni imyitwarire iranga umuntu wumva ari we ushoboye
wenyine. Ibyo avuze aba azi ko ari ko kuri; ntiyemera ibitekerezo
by’abandi. Mu mikorere ye aba atekereza ko ibyo yakoze bitunganye;
ntiyemera kugirwa inama no gukosorwa.

Kwiyemera bitandukanye no kwigirira ikizere kuko umuntu wifitiye

ikizere aha agaciro abandi, kandi agirwa akanagisha inama. Abantu
biyemera ntibasabana n’abandi kuko iteka baba bashaka kwerekana ko
bihagije, ko ari bo bashoboye; naho abababwira ibitari ibyo barazirana.
Iyo abwiwe ibitagenda neza cyangwa agiriwe inama arakazwa n’ubusa,
uyimugiriye akaba umwanzi we.

Kutagira gahunda
Kutagira gahunda ni imwe mu mpamvu zishobora gutuma udakora
neza, utubahiriza igihe n’amasezerano, abaje bakugana ntushobore
kubakorera ibyo bifuza, cyangwa ntubikorere ku gihe, ukaba watanga
ibitanoze. Utagira gahunda ntamenya aho yashyize ibikoresho akenera
kandi bimufasha gutunganya imirimo ye, bigatuma atubahiriza igihe.

Gusesagura
Gusesagura ni ingeso ihabanye n’umuco wo kuzigama. Ni ugupfusha
ubusa ibyo umuntu atunze cyangwa ashinzwe, ntahe agaciro imbaraga
zakoreshejwe kugira ngo ibyo bintu biboneke. Ababona usesagura
basanga yarishyize ku rwego rusumbye urwo ari ho, mu by’ukuri kandi
bikamugaruka.

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 UMUTWE WA GATATU: INGAMBA ZO KWIMAKAZA
INDANGAGACIRO
“...Mu muco nyarwanda harimo byinshi byadufasha kubaka
Umunyarwanda no kubaka Igihugu cyacu. Dukwiriye kubakira kuri ibyo
tukubaka u Rwanda rushya...”
(Perezida Kagame Paul, Gabiro, ku wa 5 Nyakanga 2018).

Umunyarwanda nyakuri ni ubereye umuryango nyarwanda, uharanira

kurangwa n’indangagaciro z’umuco, agafatanya n’abandi gushyiraho
ingamba zihamye zo kwimakaza indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda.
Ni ihame ko amajyambere aramba ari ashingiye ku muco.

Mu ngamba zo kwimakaza indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda,

twavuga nko gutegura imfashanyigisho, ibiganiro mu muryango,
ubukangurambaga, isuzumabikorwa, n’ibindi.

Gutegura imfashanyigisho
Gahunda yo kwimakaza indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda iganisha ku
iterambere riramba ikeneye imfashanyigisho n’abazikoresha, mu ntera
zayo zose. Hakwiye rero inyandiko ziberanye n’abagenewe inyigisho.
Bizaba kandi ngombwa guhugura abakangurambaga ngo bagire
ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bihagije kugira ngo bashobore kumvikanisha
ihame ry’umuco muri urwo rugamba.

Inyandiko n’ibitabo byateguwe bigomba kugezwa ahantu hose

(amashuri, amasomero, inzego za Leta, ibigo by’abikorera, amadini
n’amatorero, abafatanyabikorwa, n’ahandi) abantu babisanga mu
buryo bworoshye. Ibyo byazifashishwa mu gutegura ibiganiro mpaka
by’ingeri zitandukanye (abato n’abakuru) ku ndangagaciro.

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Ibiganiro mu muryango
Nk’uko Itegeko Nshinga ribivuga ”Umuryango [ni wo] shingiro kamere
ry’imbaga y’Abanyarwanda”. Uburere bw’umwana butangirira mu rugo
iwabo. Ni yo mpamvu kuganiriza ababyeyi n’abana ku ndangagaciro
z’umuco ari ingirakamaro, ariko na bo ubwabo bakaziganiraho.

Ubukangurambaga
Kugira ngo izi ndangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda zimakazwe mu Gihugu
hose ni ngombwa ko zisobanurwa mu Mududugu no mu masibo yawo,
mu Kagari, mu Murenge, mu mugoroba w’ababyeyi, no mu muganda.

Ubukangurambaga mu nzego z’ibanze ntabwo buhagije. Hazategurwa

n’amahugurwa agenewe ibyiciro bitandukanye by’Abanyarwanda
bitewe n’imirimo bakora cyangwa serivisi barimo.

Hari izindi nzira zigera kuri rubanda mu buryo butaziguye: ibinyamakuru

byandikwa, radiyo, tereviziyo, imbuga nkoranyambaga, amarushanwa,
ikinamico, indirimbo, imikino, n’ibindi.

Isuzumabikorwa
Kwimakaza indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda ngo zibe umusemburo
n’inkingi by’iterambere rirambye, birasaba ko habaho uburyo
bwo gusuzuma ko iyo ntego yagezweho hifashishijwe ubuhanga
n’ibarurishamibare. Gahunda y’Igihugu y’Igenamigambi Rirambye,
Imihigo, poritiki zinyuranye, ubuhanzi n’ubugeni, n’ibindi bikorwa
bigamije iterambere, bigomba kugaragaza uko byitaye kuri iryo hame.

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 UMWANZURO

Indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda zikubiye muri iki gitabo

zizagira uruhare mu kunoza imyumvire, imyitwarire n’imikorere
by’Umunyarwanda, bitume afata iya mbere muri gahunda y’iterambere
rirambye.

Kubera ko umuryango ari wo shingiro kamere ry’imbaga y’Abanyarwanda,

imibereho y’abawugize igomba kurangwa n’indangagaciro, abana
bakazitozwa hakiri kare.

Izi ndangagaciro zigomba gukwirakwizwa mu Gihugu hose ndetse no

hanze yacyo kugira ngo buri Munyarwanda aho ari hose azimenye maze
azigire ize.

Kugira ngo zimakazwe, buri wese akwiye kugira uruhare rwo gukumira
no kwamagana ingeso mbi n’imyitwarire bigayitse bizibangamira.
Ababyeyi, umuryango mugari, abigisha, ibitangazamakuru,
abanyamadini n’inzego z’ubuyobozi, zaba iza Leta, zaba iz’abikorera,
n’imiryango itari iya Leta bisabwa kugira uruhare rugaragara mu
gusakaza izi ndangagaciro.

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 IBITABO N’INYANDIKO BYIFASHISHIJWE

Ibitabo byifashishijwe

1. CHENO, Umuco w’Ubutwari, Kigali 2015.

2. COUPEZ A., et all, Inkoranya y’Ikinyarwanda mu Kinyarwanda n’Igifaransa,
Tervuren, 2005.
3. D’Hertefelt M. et Coupez A., La royauté sacrée de l’ancien Rwanda, Texte,
traduction et commentaire de son rituel. Annales - Serie No8- Sciences Humaines
- No52, Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, 1964.
4. Inteko Izirikana, Indangagaciro z’ingenzi mu muco Nyarwanda, Kigali, 2008.
5. I.N.R.S., Turirimbane indirimbo zahimbwe na Sipiriyani RUGAMBA, Butare-
Rwanda, Publication No 38, 1987.
6. KAGAME A., Aperception empirique du temps et conception de l’histoire dans
la pensée bantu, Les cultures et le temps. Paris, Payot, 1975.
7. NEC, Uburere mboneragihugu ku matora mu Rwanda, Kigali, 2002.
8. NIC, Indangagaciro z’Umuco Nyarwanda mu Iterambere, Kigali, 2011.
9. NIC, Imfashanyigisho yo gutoza indangagaciro y’ubutwari, Kigali, 2014.
10. MUZUNGU B., Le Dieu de nos pères, Tome II, Une réflexion théologique sur les
données de la religion traditionnelle du Rwanda et du Burundi, Presses Lavigerie,
Bujumbura, 1975.
11. NOTHOMB D, P.B., Un Humanisme Africain, Valeurs et Pierres d’Attente,
Editions Lumen Vitae, Bruxelles, 1965.
12. SINDAYIGAYA A., Inkomoko n’Imimaro y’Imiziro n’Imiziririzo mu muco
Nyarwanda: Icyerekezo cy’Ubumenyamuntu, Kigali, 2007.

Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi

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Izindi nyandiko zifashishijwe

1. Agaciro Develpment Fund, Annual Report 2016/2017, Kigali, 2017.

2. MINALOC, Umuganda annual report, Kigali, 2016.
3. MUKAMURENZI B., Education aux valeurs éthiques et culturelles dans le
renforcement de l’identité rwandaise – Cas de la valeur d’Ubupfura, Huye,
Décembre 2008 (Mémoire ISPC- Butare).
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imbere n’imyifatire igayitse ikwiye guhindurwa hagamijwe iterambere rirambye
ry’u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda, Kigali, 2010.
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Juillet- 6 Août 1982.
8. Official Gazette No Special of 24/12/2015, Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u
Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015, Kigali, 2015.
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10. RGB, Impact Assessment of Umuganda 2007-2017, Kigali, 2017.

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Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi
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Indangagaciro z’Umuco w’u Rwanda, Igitabo nyobozi
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“Umuco dusangiye uraturanga
Ururimi rwacu rukaduhuza”

Agasanduku k’Iposita: 5796 KIGALI - RWANDA

Imeri: info@ralc.gov.rw
www.ralc.gov.rw

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