Volume6Issue3 PDF

Page 1 THE SRAC JOURNAL Volume 6, Issue 2
Volume 6, Issue 3 December 2010
THE SRAC JOURNAL

T H E R EG I ON ’ S A R C H A E O LO G IC A L , C U LT U R A L , AND H I S T OR I C A L R E SO U R C E
INSIDE THIS ISSUE:
PESTLES
Pestles 1 BY DEB TWIGG, SRAC EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Anne Bailey, Frontier Scout 1
"There grew in North America, at the time of its discovery by Columbus, a profusion of
SRAC 2011 Wall Calendar 5 seeds, nuts, and roots of various kinds, developing according to climate from northern
SRAC...Who Are We…2010 6 Canada to southern Arizona. Man found these a valuable addition to his food-supply, and
he made use of many of them that we of to-day should consider unpalatable. He procured
SRAC Halloween Bash 8
shell-fish of various kinds both salt and fresh water; he knew the properties of many roots,
Analyzing Proto-Susquehannock 9 bulbs, barks, and other plants. With the exception of such molluscs as he ate, and his
Lincoln Street School Project 9 fresh meat, the greater bulk of his food-
Recent Activity at SRAC 10 was in the form of kernels, or grains, or bulbs, or nuts,
which must needs be reduced to meal, or stripped of
SRAC Drumbeats 2010 11
husks, or cracked and broken. To convert the raw food
SRAC Giving Campaign 12 into palatable flour, he used both wooden and stone
pestles in flat, oval, or round mortars, the form varying in
SRAC Journal Sponsors 12
different parts of the country." (Moorehead:1910)
SRAC Receives Two Collections 13
Warren K. Moorehead went on to classify stone pestles
SRAC Coming Events 14 in his "Stone Age of North America" in the following
Why Donate to SRAC 16 manner:
DVDs On Sale 17 (a) Elongated, plain.
(b) Elongated, ridged or ornamented.
(c) Bell-shaped.
! Go (d) With flat surfaces (mano stones).
in S R A C online now oin
Jo org/j (Continued on page 2)
w ww .S RACenter.
to
today! Anne Bailey, Frontier Scout – Revolutionary War
By Earl Robinson, SRAC Member
Anne Bailey was born as Ann Hennis in the "first battle" of the American Revolu-
Liverpool, England in 1742. She emi- tion.
grated to the Shenandoah Valley of Vir- After her husband's death, Anne "put on
ginia in 1765 at the age of 19 years. In her husband's fringed buckskin jacket,"
1765, she married a settler by the name of left her seven year old son with a
Richard Trotter. He served in Lord Dun- neighbor, took a long rifle and began rid-
• Our Vision more's War and was killed on October 10, ing alone through Indian Territory. When
1765, during a battle with Shawnee forces the American Revolution broke out in full
The Susquehanna River led by Chief Cornstalk at the Battle of measure, Anne rode from settlement to
Archaeological Center of Na- Point Pleasant. The Virginia Militia was settlement recruiting colonists to serve in
tive Indian Studies (S.R.A.C.) is pressing the Shawnee to move to the the militia. Anne's wilderness survival
dedicated to education, re- Ohio River boundary accepted by the Iro- skills matched those of any Native Ameri-
quois in the treaty of 1768. Almost imme- can and she used them daily, serving as a
search and preservation of the
diately after this battle, at the beginning of scout and messenger. Riding fearlessly
Native American archaeologi-
the Revolutionary War, Lord Dunmore, the through enemy territory, she delivered
cal, cultural and historical assets governor of Virginia, began leading British
of the Twin Tier Region of vital information to frontier outposts. At
and Indians against the Virginia Militia. night she would sleep in caves and hollow
Northeastern PA and Southern For this and other reasons, some histori-
NY. ans consider the Battle of Point Pleasant (Continued on page 5)
The Susquehanna
BecomeRiver Archaeological
a member of Center
SRACof Native
today! Indian
SeeStudies
back ~ www.SRACenter.org
page for more ~ email Info@SRACenter.org
information.
PESTLES CONT.
(Continued from page 1) opaline rock consisting chiefly of fossil plant remains) as-
semblages from charred cooking residues on pottery
I cannot help but add an important addendum to Moore- sherds in central New York recovered using 209 rondel
head's list as Louise Welles Murray did in 1921 when re- phytolith variables has identified maize as early as 2270 ±
porting for our region - which we will classify as type (e) - 35 B.P." - (Hart:2009)
the unwieldy (giant) pestle:
In the youtube video on SRAC’s website, Ted Keirshows
"Considerable data is available as to Algonkian culture, and you the average size of the pestles that are commonly
Algonkian sites are easily identified by the long (elongated) found in our region. As Ted points out, it is not uncommon
pestle, steatite dish, chipped grooved axe, stemmed and to see polished areas on these
notched points, ceremonial and "problematical" artifacts of pestles that look as if they were
early days...but to whom but mighty men belong the large used as a wet stone to sharpen
chipped tomahawk, the unwieldy pestle, and the grooved blades or other stone tools as
axe 13 inches long?" - (Murray:1921) well.
And if we are going to use size as a defining feature for Other pestles of this type in the
categorization, I would also like to add one more type that SRAC collections are very pol-
is on display at SRAC as well, being the miniature pestle, ished and it is doubtful to me at
which we will refer to here as type (f). least that they were used in pre-
paring food...The squared edged
Using the SRAC collection of local artifacts and with help
polished pestle shown here is rare
from the NYS Museum, I will try to cover each category as
for us to see in our region, and
best I can as representation of our region of the Twin Tier
may or may not be actually better
Region of southeastern NY and northeastern PA.
categorized in the next type of SRAC Collection
Pestle Type A: Elongated, plain. This is the most com- pestles that we are going to dis-
mon type of pestle found in the Twin Tier Region of NY and cuss...
PA. Sometimes also referred to as "roller pestles" they
Pestle Type B: Elongated, ridged or ornamented. This
have a rounded edge and look as if they could have been
type of pestle is not common in our region. In fact I asked
used to roll out ancient flat-breads long ago. These are so
the NYS Museum for a photo to use in this article to even
common in our region that some collectors claim they do
be able to give you an example. Please note that this im-
not even pick them up if they see them in a newly plowed
age is copyrighted and that all photographs of NYS Mu-
field in the spring anymore...And for this reason I want to
seum artifacts may be used solely for research purposes -
remind everyone that all items showing use from ancient
times are evidence and should be treated as such at all
times.
In fact there is
some discussion
that pestles
should not be
soaked and/or
washed if they
are to be used in NYS Museum: bear head effigy pestle; grey; 1 foot long, 2"
current research. diameter across head - 2 1/4" across base
By analyzing
starch residue in for any other purpose you'll need to request official permis-
ancient grinding sion.
tools and charred
Rock art specialist and author, Ed Lenik states that "effigy
SRAC Collection remains in cook-
pestles probably date from Late Woodland (Ceramic) to
ing pots, re-
Historic Contact periods (ca 1000 b.p. - 400 b.p.) It appears
searchers are learning new things about the ancient cul-
that bear effigy pestles were not utilized as domestic grind-
tures who used these tools. In fact, Jon Hart of the NYS
ing tools but were fetishes or guardian spirits of the
Museum has presented at SRAC a very important work
women" (Lenik:2002)
using residue in cooking pottery to unravel mysteries about
Iroquoian life a thousand years ago. In it he claims: The first time that I ever saw one of these was just a few
years ago when SRAC representatives Ted Keir, Susan
"Paleoethnobotanists are increasingly turning to the micro-
botanical record. Recent analysis of phytolith (a small (Continued on page 3)
The Susquehanna River Archaeological Center of Native Indian Studies ~ www.SRACenter.org ~ email Info@SRACenter.org
PESTLES CONT.
(Continued from page 2) on the left would be a rounded based pestle (there is a
rounded edge around the base), while the one on the right
Fogel and I went to the NYS Museum and were given a tour is a flat based version.
to include a chance to photo all artifacts in their collection
The NYS Museum reports that they have 4 exhibit quality
from our area. Once we had spent literally hours to that
bell pestles. (1 - ERIE COUNTY, 2 - LIVINGSTON
end, we then went around and looked at some other items.
COUNTY, and one unknown origin)
These pestles with effigies really caught my eye and have
remained an oddity of interest. Since then I have talked with Pestle Type D: With flat surfaces (mano stones). After
collectors from the Hudson Valley that have several of re-inventorying our SRAC collection of thousands of arti-
these types of pestles. As I have stated, I am no specialist facts on display, I found that flat sided pestles are more
on these artifacts, but simply by looking on Google quickly it common than I thought in in our region... These were sup-
seems that these effigy pestles were found mostly along the posedly used on the end but also were used to mash or
North Atlantic coastline region. mull with their flat sides. As you can see by this pestle from
the SRAC/Cowles Collection, the
When I scoured my files one last time for references for this
posting, I came acrossed one reference from Louise Welles
Murray that refers to a site just south of Nichols on the PA
side of the border that may just have had one of these
types of pestles:
"There are many steatite fragments, as a rule found near or
on the hill, also many stone implements, pecked and
chipped, and every type of celt. Hoes, long pestles (one
with a supposed bird effigy at the end), and large mor-
tars show agricultural habits." (Murray:1921)
Because the private collector that found this artifact so long SRAC Collection Mortar and flat-sided
ago did not preserve it or have a photo taken or even re- (mano) pestle
cord its existence beyond this word of mouth notation made
by Murray, we will never know for sure if this was an actual
wear shows up in both the end and the flat sided area.
effigy pestle or not. However, the NYS Museum does have
a bird effigy pestle in their collection said to be in exhibitPestle Type E: Unwieldy (giant). Louise Welles Murray
quality, so at least we know bird effigy pestles did exist andreported many "over-sized" artifacts in our locality and re-
were also found in NY State. (OTSEGO COUNTY) ported at the infamous site found in her own garden (The
Murray Garden) in 1883 there were "two pestles, one
Other recorded types of ornamented pestles include phallic
large and unwieldy but easily used by the big men here
and human effigies and pestles with ridges carved around
buried."
their edges that are more commonly found in the western
regions of North America. I am not familiar with any of At first, you might think that she was just exaggerating, but
these, however, the NYS Museum does state that they do the truth is that the giant pestles in this category are actu-
have 2 phallic effigy pestles in their collection of exhibit ally too big to be used simply by a woman pounding with it
quality.(CAYUGA & SARATOGA COUNTIES) to grind corn. A closer look at the pestle shown below re-
veals that it has a notched end supposedly to be strapped
Pestle Type C: Bell-shaped. The bell-shaped pestles are
to a tree limb to help with the
a lot more common in the Midwest than in our region, but
otherwise back breaking me-
they do appear on our sites from time to time. We have a
chanics of trying to pound us-
handful on exhibit at SRAC currently, with one (the one on
ing this huge stone tool.
the right) specifically
found at Spanish After taking inventory, I found
Hill, in South Wav- that huge pestles in the SRAC
erly, PA. collection are actually pretty
common for our region, but the
From what I have
notched feature of the pestle
read, bell shaped
shown here is not. However,
pestles have three
until one of our members
basic shapes, hav-
brought in one that he had
ing either a flat base,
found just a few weeks ago, I
rounded base, or a
didn't notice what actually is a
pointed base. In the
photo here, the one SRAC Collection (Continued on page 4)
SRAC Collection
PESTLES CONT.
(Continued from page 3)
common feature for these giant pestles. One end of each of the giant pestles in our collections is broken or cut halfway.
See the following image to see what I mean...
At first I thought that this feature was just a common way that such a large pestle would break, but when you look closer,
there seems to be signs of this area being worked.
Whatever the actual cause is for this peculiar feature on all of our giant pestles, I thought it worthwhile to note it here.
SRAC Member Lon Kouterick SRAC Collection
Pestle Type F: Miniature. What the purpose of these little pestles were - I am not sure - some say they were used with
paint pots, but I see no staining on any of the ones at SRAC. At any rate they are quite common in our region and I wanted
to make sure to note them in this report.
Note there is a miniature flat sided pestle as well.
Personally I doubt that we will ever know all of the uses that these artifacts
here were used for. The truth
is that many chefs today still
use a mortar and pestle, as
do doctors/pharmacists and
others, and I would propose
that there were at least as
many uses (and users) for
mortars and pestles centu-
SRAC Collection
ries ago as there are today.
References:
Hart 2009:The use of multiple discriminate analysis in classifying prehistoric phytolith assemblages recovered from cooking
residues . Authored Jon Hart, PhD; co-authored with R. G. Matson. Published: Journal of Archaeological Science, 2009
Lenik 2002: Picture Rocks : American Indian Rock Art in the Northeast Woodlands. Authored by: Ed Lenik . Published:
University Press of New England 2002
Moorehead 1910: Stone Age In North America. Authored by: WARREN K. MOOREHEAD. Published: Boston and New
York Houghton Mifflin Company, 1910
Murray 1921: Aboriginal Sites in and near "Teaoga," Now Athens, Pennsylvania. Authored by: Louise Welles Murray
Source: American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 23, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1921), pp. 268-297. Published by: Blackwell
Publishing on behalf of the American Anthropological Association
Special thanks to the NYS Museum for granting me use of the image of the bear effigy pestle and list of exhibit quality pes-
tles.
ANNE BAILEY, FRONTIER SCOUT - REVOLUTIONARY WAR CONT.

(Continued from page 1)
trees to keep her ammunition dry. To keep from being discovered by

Indians who might be tracking her, she would ride a half mile beyond
her campsite, then turn her horse loose and walk back to her place of
safety.
On one winter's night, Anne was unable to build a fire to stay warm
because of wind and snow. She crawled into a hollow tree and held
her horses' head close to her body to allow his warm breath to keep
her from freezing. On another occasion, while being tracked by hos-
tile Indians, she crawled into a hollow log. The Indians searched all
around, even sitting on the log she was hiding in. After the Indians left
the area, Anne crawled out to find that the Indians had stolen her fa-
vorite horse, Liverpool. In the darkness, she tracked down the Indian
encampment. Crawling silently among the horses she identified Liver-
pool. Letting out a terrifying, rebellious scream, she jumped onto Liv-
erpool's back and galloped away into the darkness. Colonists less
courageous began calling her "Mad Anne."
In 1785, Anne married John Bailey, a frontiersman and ranger. The
married couple moved to Clendenin's settlement in the Great Ka-
nawha Valley. In 1791 local Fort Lee was under threat of attack. She
made a 100 mile ride through the wilderness to Fort Savannah at
Lewisburg, Virginia and back with much needed ammunition. She is
credited with saving Fort Lee from destruction. She remained on duty
until 1795, when the Treaty of Greenville ended the Northwest Indian
War. When her husband John Bailey was murdered in 1794, she be-
gan living with her son. She died on November 22, 1825. Her re-
mains were reentered at Tu-Endie-Wei State Park, the site of the Bat- Battle of Point Pleasant Monument
tle of Point Pleasant, where there is a museum that contains her
memorabilia.
SRAC 2011 WALL CALENDAR
Looking for that perfect gift for that person who is hard to buy for this Christmas?
Look no further!
SRAC has compiled 12 of the best of the best artifacts found in our region and
placed them in a wall calendar that is both beautiful and educational and sure to
become a collector item!
While we will have some soon in the SRAC gift shop - those of you who are shop-
ping online for Christmas can just use the following link and buy yours now!
http://www.cafepress.com/SRAC.490075801
Shipping is really fast - but don't wait too long so that this present can be under
the tree Christmas morning!
SRAC...Who We Are, 2010……
I received an email from a new member recently saying that he had a hard time understanding who SRAC is and he
asked if I could expand on it. After looking up a post that I created back in November 2007 on the SRAC blog when the
blog began, titled, "SRAC - Who Are We?" (note the question mark!) and another the same month titled, "Stone Soup" -
I had to smile and reminisce a bit about how far we have come in such short time. If you have the opportunity, I hope
that you will go to sracenter.blogspot.com and look back at the two posts referred to above, and that this will answer
many questions you may have...
My name is Deb Twigg, and I am one of the co-founders and currently executive director of the Susquehanna River Ar-
chaeological Center, (SRAC.)
When those earlier posts were written, I remember that I was filled
with anxiety and excitement about the huge undertaking that we'd
signed up for...Creating a totally new nonprofit organization, buying
an old run down warehouse style building with crumbling walls, and
only having enough money after making the down payment to keep
going for a few months without creating a way to generate revenue
in the meantime....Looking back, I have to say that I learned A LOT
in those first few years, and the biggest thing that I learned was
that if you believe in your heart that you are supposed to do some-
thing - no matter how big or small it is - you need to first BELIEVE
you can do it - and then roll up you sleeves and figure out how.
While there were some who laughed at us for buying the 100-some
year old building that we now call our Center back in December
2007, the minute that I walked in, I had a picture in my head that I
drew out see below.) This became our plan for the main floor of
the building that is pictured here. (Note when we first bought the This is one of the pictures I took when we were looking
building there were no walls or bathrooms on this floor.) at the building in October 2007
Those of you that walk in to SRAC will find this drawing from 2007
quite close to what you will find there today with some minor adjustments. You will also see our basic business plan
from 2007 there as well. That is, that we would have a large gift shop, exhibit hall and lecture area to continuously offer
new reasons for people to come back to our Center. My reasoning was
that there are so many museums that we've all visited when we were
children that still look the same today! By having an active Center, we
have made a place that continuously changes and has new things to see
and do.
To see our latest renovations and additions, visit:
http://www.SRAcenter.org/Museum
While I realize that some of you may think that all of this, to this point,
could have been chalked up to just over-confidence and a boatload of
luck - we also had what I will call the first important ingredient all great
non-profit organizations have in common - a great and unique cause.
To me, SRAC's cause is like no other in the region. We not only work
hard to educate private collectors about preserving the archaeology that
is out there and not currently in the public eye, but we educate the public
about our prehistoric past using what we have preserved. To this end,
we have preserved 15 private collections that are on display in our ex-
hibit hall and expect many more to be donated when collectors are ready
to make a decision about where their collections should go past their
lifetimes. Using this local archaeology, we continue to push ourselves
and professional researchers to make the research continue in our re-
gion to help us figure out even more that we do not know. By inviting
professional and avocational archaeologists and historical speakers to
speak in our lecture hall, as well as private collectors to display their arti-
facts at certain events, we continue the efforts in learning and sharing
every month. As stewards of our local archaeology and its preservation
(Continued on page 7)
SRAC...Who We Are, 2010...cont.
(Continued from page 6) line. Furthermore, nearly every one of our board members
volunteers time in SRAC every week! To me this helps us all
we have become a great example of educators that never to get to know each other and work together as a team - and
stop learning. In addition to the public stopping in everyday it allows all of us to have a feel for the Center and those we
at SRAC, local schools, local clubs and even nursing homes serve in the community. No showing up once a month for a
make special field trips to our center... As you can see - our meeting if you are on our board - we expect more - and get
energies and efforts are endless in supporting this meaning- it!
ful cause.
As a result, when someone enters our doors, they are wel-
Looking back, the second important ingredient to our suc- comed with a friendly smile and a knowledgeable person
cess in my mind is successful funding. Unlike other non- who can answer their questions. In fact co-founders Ted
profit organizations, we signed a contract early on with co- Keir and Dick Cowles work one afternoon shift every week
founder Dick Cowles that we would not accept federal or in our exhibit hall and it is no secret why those days are the
state funding - and if we did , his family would have the right most popular days of the week for the public to visit SRAC!
to remove his collection for the fear of new laws at some
Ted is the
point affecting his father’s collection. This caused us to have
l ea d i ng
to work a lot harder in that we never were able to get fund-
source of
ing in the way that most non-profits do from state or federal
information
funding. Instead, we would have to seek the support of our
about the
community organizations, philanthropic foundations and
archaeology
generous individuals.
in our re-
As a part of my role at SRAC, I have taken on the responsi- gion. A re-
bility of constantly seeking funding to keep SRAC afloat. tired high
Initially, I thought the best plan was to go to big organiza- s c h o o l
tions in the area, the hospitals, the banks and even the race- teacher with
track, etc...but without fail, I was told that they did not see a degree in
how SRAC could possibly survive, and therefore we were Earth Sci-
not a good investment...I remember smiling and saying, "We ence, Ted
will survive because we have a great cause, a huge collec- became an
tion, etc" and at a certain point, realized that I just could not avocational archaeologist and private collector in his off
seem to inspire large businesses because they had to see it hours. There is not a collector or professional in our region
all on a spreadsheet - which makes sense because that's that does not know Ted Keir and respect his life's work in
how they run their own businesses! I must note that this educating our community. In fact Ted still gives educational
year's SRAC Giving Campaign did receive some donations lectures at SRAC a couple of times a year! His incredible
(see below) from local businesses and my hope is that we collection can also be seen in SRAC's exhibit hall and if you
are finally gaining the confidence of at least some of them! come on Tuesday afternoons, Ted will share his stories
about the artifacts and where they were found with you per-
Instead, the largest donations by far have been by philan-
sonally.
thropic individuals and foundations that our cause actually
speaks to above and beyond any spreadsheet. Since Sep- Dick Cowles
tember 2009 our donations were received in the following is the son of
proportions: 73% from individuals, 23% from foundations, Mr. Ells-
and 3% from local businesses. With that said, if you would w o r t h
like to donate to SRAC, please visit Cowles,
http://www.sracenter.org/Donations/ engineer by
trade and an
Sadly, today many large organizations are learning that
earlier avo-
even with a great cause and a lot more money than a new
cational ar-
organization like SRAC has - that keeping their doors open
chaeologist
is still a challenge without dedicated people. With nearly
the genera-
300 members to date and 100% volunteer staffing, I think
tion before
our staff by far surpasses any other nonprofit organization
Ted Keir.
that I am aware of. Furthermore, the fact that none of us
Although
have ever made a penny from all of the hours that we have
Ellsworth
donated is a credit to our board and volunteer staff and their
passed away in 1991, his knowledge of the Chemung River
dedication to our cause. It is also very efficient for us as a
Valley, it's history and archaeology is unsurpassed even
non-profit to not have salaries listed among our expense
SRAC...Who We Are, 2010...cont.

(Continued from page 7) So when I am asked "Who is SRAC?" I feel as though af-
ter 5 years of incorporation and becoming a non-profit or-
today. Dick is the third co-founder of SRAC as he ended ganization, I have more confidence in answering that
up with all of his father's artifacts which no local museum question, and how we actually have done it. While there
was able to take on because of it's sheer size. Once filling are so many aspects of SRAC that are still left to discuss, I
a three room basement, the Ellsworth Cowles collection hope that I have given you a better answer than there was
was the foundation for the SRAC collection that now before.
boasts 15 collections. Following in his father's foot steps,
With many new things planned for the coming years such
Dick also became a local historian, and is very knowledge-
as more renovations, enlargement of our exhibit hall, addi-
able in the Revolutionary War period for our region to in-
tion of a research center and library on the second floor
clude Sullivan's Campaign. If you visit the SRAC shop's
and even a classroom or two, I am sure I will make an ad-
book section, you will see books by both Dick and his fa-
dendum or two in the future.
ther. SRAC is also currently seeking to compile a 500+
page book written by Ellsworth over his lifetime about our To learn more or to support our efforts, visit
region's prehistory and early history. If you would like to http://www.sracenter.org/
meet Dick, simply stop in some Thursday afternoon, he'll
be there with that great smile of his welcoming you as youThank you for taking the time to learn more about SRAC.
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to con-
come in the door.
tact us. You can call our Center at 607-565-7960, or email
Both Ted and Dick, as well as the rest of the board, wear questions to info@sracenter.org.
many other hats at SRAC!
BIG TURNOUT AT SRAC HALLOWEEN BASH!

Valley kids had a real Halloween treat at the Susquehanna River Archaeo-
logical Center (SRAC) in Waverly on Saturday, October 30th. The Center
hosted a costume party and hayride that was free for all to attend. Families
who attended were first greeted by costumed SRAC board members who
led them to the very popular hayride provided by Jim Kier (Red Tail Mulch.)
Kier's daughter, Jody drove the tractor starting at SRAC and traveling
around Muldoon Park throughout the event.
Once attendees unloaded from the hayride and entered SRAC, they were
offered refreshments that included pizza, donuts, cupcakes and cookies,
and apple cider that were all donated for the occasion. Games throughout
the night included a pumpkin coloring contest, "pin the tusk on the mam-
moth," a concentration game, and a "find the cats" game. The night con-
cluded with a costume contest for both adults and children. Every child won
at least one prize as well as received a trick or treat bag filled with candy SRAC Board Members,
and great prizes. Mary Keene and Mary Ann Taylor
SRAC's Deb Twigg said, "This event was one of those that are a running
theme at SRAC, where we host a free community event and are assisted by other Valley businesses and organizations
who help us make it a success. Parrish Deli, Stroehman's, Just Desserts, and Tops really stepped up and we really ap-
preciate it. I also want to
thank the VFW for making a
hundred dollar donation to-
wards the event as well.
Last but not least I want to
thank all of the SRAC volun-
teers that worked so hard all
week setting up and at the
event. By working together,
we all gave a lot of families
who attended a night to re-
member!"
ANALYZING PROTO-SUSQUEHANNOCK SITES IN THE UPPER SUSQUEHANNA RIVER VALLEY

Last spring I received an email from one of our SRAC pro-
fessional advisors and anthropologist from Cornell Univer-
sity, Dr. Kurt Jordan. He had a student that he said he
thought just might be as obsessed with the Susquehan-
nocks as I was. He wanted to send her to SRAC to have us
share what we have on all the sites in our region.
Jasmine also graduated from Elizabethtown College 2009
with two B.A's: one in history and another in sociology/
anthropology. Her field work includes: Washington Boro site
(Susquehannock - Lancaster, PA), Fort Hunter site (1760's -
Harrisburg, PA), London Town (18th century - Edgewater,
MD), Pig Point (12thCentury- Anne Arundel County, MD),
Walhain-St.Paul site (14th Century - Walhain, Belgium). She
is currently employed full time as an archaeological field
technician with Historic Saint Mary's City in Maryland.
When Jasmine first arrived at SRAC, I gave her all of my
research on all the sites I have studied and all of the re- At the end of the time that we had to spend with Jasmine as
sources that I used - to include 400-plus letters from the a part of her overall studies, I had to admit that maybe she
1916 Moorehead expedition through our region, the videos WAS as obsessed with the Susquehannocks as I am - and I
and reports on the Englebert site, the Griffin report, and want to commend her for all of the hard work she did for this
many others...Ted Keir also spent several days with her and research project.
showed her all the information, photos, and slides that he
After the time Jasmine spent with us, she spent another
had on the sites in our region to include the Kennedy site. I
month finishing up her thesis to defend on September 30th
also asked SRAC's Don Hunt to join in and take her on a
at Cornell titled, "Analyzing Proto-Susquehannock sites in
ride, to physically show her the sites in our region and I even
the Upper Susquehanna River Valley." It is my hope that this
made a phone call to the family that now owns "the Murray
will be the first of what will be many research efforts on our
Garden" and they walked that site that day as well. We also
region.
sent Jasmine to the Tioga Point Museum to see what else
they might have that she could use, and although they re- On Wednesday September 29th we invited the public to pre-
fused to let her see any skeletal materials, she was happy view her work in a presentation at SRAC. After working long
with what she found there as well. hours with her and getting to know her, our board members
were proud to see the work that Jasmine put together.
All of this, as well as time she spent with professionals such
as Dr. Barry Kent and researching sites such as the Wash- Within weeks Jasmine received confirmation of her Master's
ington Boro Susquehannock site in Lancaster, PA and oth- Degree. She wrote in an email to me, "Hey! I got my M.A!!!!!
ers on the lower Susquehanna made me feel pretty confi- The drive home was horrible, 9+ hours. I got back at 12:30
dent that she was successful in collecting all different views this morning. Thanks for everything, Deb! I really appreciate
concerning the archaeological sites reported to be it J ~Jasmine"
"Susquehannock," "Proto-Susquehannock" and otherwise
Thank you Jasmine, for letting SRAC be a part of your pro-
over the past 125 years.
ject! - Deb Twigg, SRAC
WAVERLY’S LINCOLN STREET SCOOL PROJECT

Waverly's 4th grade at Lincoln Street School has just finished their curriculum on local Na-
tive American history that included a field trip to the Susquehanna River Archaeological Cen-
ter (SRAC) at 345 Broad Street in downtown Waverly, NY earlier this year. As a part of their
final testing on the topic, each student was asked to do a project which is now on display at
SRAC. The public is invited to cast votes for their favorite projects - and the top three from
both classrooms will be on display at SRAC for the next year. Votes are cast with pennies
and all proceeds from the event benefit Lincoln Street's 4th grade class. Voting is already
underway and will continue until the ceremony to announce winners occurs during the
school's Christmas vacation.
Lincoln Street 4th Graders ShayLynne Robbins and Haley Mack teamed up to create their
Native American village scene pictured here, for their entry into the contest at SRAC.
R E C E NT A CT IV I T Y AT S R AC
There is always something happening at SRAC! We just can’t say it enough! Whether it’s public events, educational
programs, regular business hours, or the many hours spent behind the scenes by our fabulous volunteers, there is al-
ways something going on at the center. Every time you visit, it’s something new!
S R AC D RUM BE AT S 2 0 1 0
This year was the 7th annual "DrumBeats Through Time" From 3:00 - 4:00pm, the Seneca Buffalo Creek Dancers
event! It was held at the Susquehanna River Archaeologi- performed at the Center. The Dance Group began in 1988
cal Center (SRAC) at 345 Broad Street, Waverly, NY on and is well known for being very proficient in their tradi-
October 2, 1010. The day started with our annual member- tional Iroquois Social Dances. Many of the dancers in this
ship meeting, and continued through day as the doors group have won dance competitions for their particular
opened to the general public at 1:00pm. categories at Pow Wow's across the country. Respected
by Natives and non-Natives, the Buffalo Creek Dancers
At 1:00pm
perform at many schools, colleges, festivals, and Pow
there were
Wows throughout the United States and Canada.
artists under
tents on the
sidewalk
that included
Native In-
dian artwork,
beadwork
and jewelry
as well as
other items.
There was also an archaeology presentation that was
rated one of the top ten scientific discoveries - "The Burn-
ing Tree Mastodon: Death...and Life...in the Ice Ages!" by
popular speaker, Dr. Dee Anne Wymer, of Bloomsburg
University. Dr. Wymer discussed how ancient Paleo-
Indians hunted and killed this mastodon that was uncov-
ered in Newark, Ohio in 1990, and how he became pre-
served in the bottom of a small glacial pond allowing re-
searchers to actually see
the stomach contents,
and the insights into the
world of 11,400 years
ago at the end of the last
ice age. Dr. Wymer said,
"His life...and
death...reveal a remark-
able story."
SRAC GIVING CAMPAIGN & SRAC JOURNAL SPONSORS

Many have responded to the recent SRAC Giving Campaign (see below), but it’s not too late to show your support! Dona-
tions made in December will still qualify as a 2010 tax deduction. SRAC is a 501c3, (nonprofit organization) and all of our
funding comes from our membership, the revenues that we can gener-
ate at the Center, donations from philanthropic organizations, and gen- Gold Sponsor
erous individuals like you. (None of our funding goes towards salaries
as SRAC is staffed 100% by volunteers and open 5 days a week.) This
year we reached out to you personally and asked that you consider us John H. Murray & Sons
worthy of your support, which ultimately becomes support for our whole
community. 2592 Pennsylvania Ave.
We want to personally thank each of you who supported us so far in the Sayre, PA 18840
SRAC 2010 Giving Campaign.
Individual Silver Sponsors:
570-
570-888-
888-2115
• Mr. & Mrs Paul • Carol Ann New- • John & Susan
Depew bury Moehlmann Silver Sponsorship
• Linda Gorman • Mr. & Mrs. John • Doug Ulkins
Palmer
• Elisabeth Alamo • Cecelia & Ernest Clare Printing
• Rebecca Olivet • Jim Nobles Daher
• Charlotte Arnold • Marcia Cowles
206 S. Keystone Ave.
• Denis & Susan
Brady • Linda WIntermute • Olin West Sayre, PA 18840
• Bruce Boselli • Mary Jane Safford • Ted Keir
• Frank & Emma • Bill & Pat Macna- • Mrs. P Jensen Silver Sponsorship
Mosch mara Monroe
• Terry & Connie • Jerry Arnold • Joseph Blood Nocchi Hoagie Stand
Cockcroft • Jack Andrus • Beryl Cleary 445 N. Keystone Ave.
Individual Gold Sponsors: South Waverly, PA 18840
• Jean Adair Wosinski • Gennie & Peggy Burkhart
• Charlotte Cowles & Michael • Deb Twigg & Susan Fogel Silver Sponsorship
Belzer
Individual Platinum Sponsor: Chemung Canal Bank
• Mary Jane Safford 405 Chemung St.
Organization Silver Sponsors:
Waverly, NY 14892
• Landy & Landy • Tioga State Bank
Organization Gold Sponsors:

Silver Sponsorship
• Rynone Kitchen and Bath • Belle's TV
• Elderwood Valley Energy
Organization Members: Organization Case Sponsor: 523 S. Keystone Ave.
• Dandy Mini Mart • M&T Bank Sayre, PA 18840
• First Citizens National Bank
Silver Sponsorship
Supporter
Eby Insurance
Thank You Don & Tom 426 S. Keystone Ave.
For “16 Tons” - Gloria D. Sayre, PA 18840
SRAC RECEIVES TWO COLLECTIONS

Two more collections have been donated and by families donating their personal collections
placed under the stewardship of the Susque- and entrusting SRAC to preserve it in their
hanna River Archaeological Center (SRAC.) family name in order for future generations to
The collection was donated by Sally McQuay enjoy them."
of Sayre, PA and was collected by her and her Contact Us!
SRAC is located at 345 Broad Street, Waverly,
late husband George McQuay in Lycoming
NY and is open 1-5pm Tuesdays through Fri-
County near Williamsport, PA several years
days and 11am - 4pm Saturdays. To learn
ago. The McQuay collection includes celts,
more, visit www.SRACenter.org or call (607)
blades, net sinkers, paint pots, game stones,
565-7960. Our Headquarters
and several stone tools and arrowheads. The
second collection was donated Mail:
by long time SRAC member, SRAC
Richard Jackson. This collec- PO Box 12
tion includes research books Sayre, PA 18840
and 60-some arrowheads that
are sited and were collected
from sites around Endicott, NY. Phone:
The collections have been
607-727-3111
named "The McQuay/SRAC
Collection" and "The Jackson/ Email:
SRAC Collection" respectively info@SRACenter.org
and they are both on display at
SRAC along with thousands of
Our Center
local artifacts that can be seen
during normal business hours. Location:
This makes a total of 15 collec- 345 Broad St.
tions that SRAC has been able Waverly, NY
to preserve to date.
SRAC's Ted Keir said, "This is Phone:
how our museum has grown - Ted Keir Exhibits the McQuay Collection 607-565-7960
Website:
SRAC would like to put out a very special thank you to the Allen SRACenter.org
Pierce Foundation for their continued support! They show faith
Online Giftshop:
in our dedication to our mission, and they have since long before SRACenter.org/store
we even had a center to operate from. Thank You!
Online Membership:
SRACenter.org/join
RECENT CONTRIBUTORS TO SRAC
SRAC Blog:
Special thanks to the following for their support: SRACenter.blogspot.co
m
• Wennawoods Publishing • Charlotte Rowe
• Peggy Burkhart • Allen Pierce Online Donations:
Foundation SRACenter.org/
• Gloria Dick
donations
• Waverly VFW Post 8104 • Lincoln Street
• Stanley Vanderlaan School 4th Grade Mobile Website:
• Tioga County Seniors Foundation • Bob Williams SRACenter.org/mobile
Coming Events at SRAC

Drawing in Color Class
Every Wednesday until further notice, 6:00pm – 7:30pm
SRAC - 345 Broad Street Waverly, NY
If you are looking for some basic drawing, painting, or advanced techniques with different mediums, Al-
bert White will take the time with you in an atmosphere that makes you feel welcome, in a class filled with
conversation and interesting information as he teaches each of his students at their own level. White at-
tended San Francisco Art Institute and graduated with honors from the Maryland Institute of Art. As an
artist, Albert's paintings reflect sensitivity and power in wildlife, people, and the land. Class fees are just
$10 per night! Call SRAC at 607-565-7960 or email info@sracenter.org to reserve you place today.
~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*
Waverly's Rodeo
Tue, January 4, 2011, 6:30pm – 7:30pm
Presented by Waverly's own Don Merrill - For nearly 20 years during the
1940's and 1950's, Waverly NY had a most unique claim to fame. It was
home to the only rodeo ranch east of the Mississippi. Real cowboys and
Indians rode through the streets of the village and just out of town could
be seen teepees and bunkhouses, all the trappings of the real west. The
JE Ranch - a national favorite rodeo will be the topic of this presentation.
Loaded with memorabilia, artifacts and great discussion, this is a MUST
SEE by anyone in the region! Admission is $6 for adults, $4 for SRAC
members and $3 children under 18. Free admission to the SRAC exhibit
hall is included in the admission price.
*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*
Ray of Hope Healing Hypnotherapy
Every Thursday in January, 2011 6:00 – 7:30
1/6 – Healing & Relaxation, 1/13 – Weight Loss, 1/20 - Smoking Cessation, 1/27 – Psychic Development
Dee Brenner is an L.P.N. and C.H.T. (Certified Hypnotherapist) who has worked in health
care for 24 years. Dee will show you how to use the natural healing power of the mind
with hypnosis by re-programming the subconscious mind to a new way of thinking. Join
Dee for one, two, or all four of these enlightening sessions. Class fees are just $10 per
night! Call SRAC at 607-565-7960 or email info@sracenter.org to reserve you place.
Walk-ins welcome!
*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*
Jewelry & Beading Class
Sat, January 8, 2011 11:30am – 1:30pm
SRAC, 345 Broad Street Waverly, NY
Local lapidary Ellen Sisco is an artisan who is very knowledgeable about working stone, minerals, gem-
stones, and other suitably durable materials into decorative items. Supplies for the class include beads and
all accessories to complete a necklace. Precious stones, clips, glass beads and polished glass chips are
among the variety of beads that the attendees will be able to choose from. Fees for this two hour beading
class are $25. RSVP's are greatly appreciated by calling the Center at (607)565-7960 or by emailing
info@SRAcenter.org.
*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*
Sullivan Campaign- the British Perspective
Tue, February 1, 2011, 6:30pm – 7:30pm
SRAC - 345 Broad St, Waverly, NY
Sullivan Campaign- the British Perspective, by Dr. Robert Shephard. Dr. Shephard has
been teaching European History at Elmira College since 1987, including courses on the
Holocaust and on British, Russian, and women’s history, and seminars on Renaissance
Italy, Tudor England, the French Revolution, and European Totalitarianism. His research
Coming Events at SRAC cont.

interests focus on early modern British political culture. Dr. Shephard has been a Regional Visiting Fellow at Cornell Uni-
versity and is currently the vice president of the International Sidney Society. He received the Gerald R. Rubio Award in
2005 for his article “The Political Commonplace Books of Sir Robert Sidney.”
*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*
LaSalle's Great Detour - by Dick Cowles
Tue, April 5, 2011, 6:30pm – 7:30pm
SRAC - 345 Broad Street Waverly, NY 14892
Cowles will present research that he and his father, Ellsworth Cowles did concerning yet another
French explorer in our region, Cowles believes that in the 1670’s Rene Robert De La Salle searched
for the corridor to the Mississippi River through our region, and as a result leads us to some interesting
questions: • "Did La Salle actually discover the Mississippi River two years before the Jesuits, Mar-
quette and Joliet made the claim?“ •"Does the Cowles' research prove that La Salle visited Spanish
Hill's “Carantouan” nearly 60 years after Brule?“ Admission is $5 for adults, $4 for SRAC members and
$3 children under 18. Free admission to the SRAC exhibit hall is included in the admission price.
*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*
People Who Made a Difference, by Storyteller: Kate Dudding
Tue, May 3, 2011, 6:30pm – 7:30pm
Clifton Park, NY native and storyteller Kate Dudding creates entertaining, heartwarming, and
memorable stories which give a voice to people from the past. On Tuesday, May 3rd, from
6:30 - 7:30 pm, Ms. Dudding will give her award winning performance at SRAC at 345 Broad
Street Waverly, NY. "People Who Made a Difference" is a collection of stories of people who
made a difference in the world, or their part of the world. While the audience may think they
know the French chef whose work actually transformed the US, or the Broadway composer
who had a hard time writing songs initially, each of these tales and many more told by this
master storyteller are told in a way that will inspire you in a family friendly format. (This pro-
gram is brought to you by a grant from the Tioga County Seniors Foundation.)
*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*
Stay tuned! There’s always something happening at SRAC!!!

SRAC DRUM BEATS 2010 CONT.
SRAC’s Deb Twigg states, “We like to close the DrumBeats Through Time event each year with Native American dancers,
and we are lucky to have gotten the very best group, the Buffalo Creek Dancers from the Seneca Nation, because their
schedules are filled for most of the year due to their popularity.” The crowd and their response was evidence of the danc-
ers’ skills!
The event and all the food were free to everyone for this special event. There
was also a basket raffle to benefit the organization. Many thanks to the many
people and organizations that donated basket items! It was another wonderful
event enjoyed by many! We just keep making great memories at SRAC!
W H Y D O N AT E TO S R AC ?
SRAC is a 501c3 (nonprofit organization) and all of our funding comes from our membership, the revenues that we can
generate at the Center, and donations from incredible philanthropic organizations such as the Allen Pierce and Mildred
Faulkner Truman foundations and generous individuals like you. Thank you to all of you that have supported us over the
years. We hope that you can understand the importance of our mission and how important your support is for us to con-
tinue to thrive and succeed.
We see every dollar donated to SRAC as an investment in our community. As you learn more about SRAC, we trust that
you will too. Here are a some of the ways that you can help fund SRAC:
Room Dedication Opportunity!
Donors have the opportunity to have the SRAC Lecture Hall dedicated in a manner specified by the donor. This could be
living tribute and/or an eternal memorial, and it is currently available for just one donor for a donation of $25,000 or more.
Contact executive director, Deb Twigg at 607-727-3111 or dtwigg@sracenter.org to learn more.
SRAC Journal Advertising/Sponsorships!
Platinum $500.00 - Our top level of the SRAC Journal sponsorship! With your donation of $500 you will be facilitating
the printing of one quarterly journal. Your donation will be recognized with a full half-page gray-scale or black and white
ad that can measure up to 7 1/2” wide by 5” tall. Donations can also be made at the following levels for ads in smaller
sizes: Gold $100.00 (4 lines of text, up to 35 characters each); Silver $50.00 (3 lines of text, up to 35 characters each);
Supporter $25.00 (2 lines of text, up to 35 characters each); Friend $10.00 (1 line of text, up to 35 characters) Contact
executive director, Deb Twigg at 607-727-3111 or dtwigg@sracenter.org to learn more.
Gold Sponsor Silver Sponsor

The Leadership Company The Hollowell Family
234 Main Street Jan, Christy
Your Town, USA Ryan, Allison, and Tommy
555-
555-555-
555-5555
Supporter
Friend The Johnson Family
In loving memory of our dad John
The Lucky Penny Club
Donate a Local Collection. SRAC supports our local collectors.

Since 2005, SRAC has received 13 collections and thousands of local Native American artifacts. We hope that our local
collectors continue to fieldwalk and enjoy their collections. Without them, we would have very little evidence of our Native
Indian past that remains in our community. All we ask is that they consider planning ahead. As many of you already
know, many of our local collections have been lost in the past by ending up at auction houses at which point they were
lost forever. SRAC was founded for this very purpose - to allow our private collectors a place where their collections can
be housed in their name forever when they are ready to consider a new home for them; to consider the community's
need to be able to see them and learn about our Native Indian past, and to allow more research to continue.
For these reasons, SRAC will accept private collections (artifacts, books, etc) or will work with collectors for a future do-
nation of a collection and will preserve and use them to benefit the community in the education of our local history for
many generations to come.
Looking for Instructors! SRAC is looking for Volunteers at SRAC usually volunteer for two hours a week.
instructors for educational, art, healthy liv- If you have two hours to come and have fun with us, please
ing, and exercise classes. Please call Deb call Deb Twigg at 607-727-3111. Anyone who volunteers for 7
Twigg to discuss further at 607-727-3111. hour or more a month gets free admission to all SRAC events!
SRAC PRODUCED DVDS ON SALE
**You can purchase the Woolly Mammoth DVD which in-

cludes:
• All of the photos from the excavation
• The newsreel
• Ted Keir discussing the Spring Lake excavation
They are on sale at the SRAC gift shop for just $5.99 plus tax.
If you would like to purchase a copy for home delivery, send
$7.99 (to include shipping) to SRAC Woolly Mammoth Dig
DVD, PO Box 12, Sayre, PA 18840 and don't forget to include
your mailing address.
**Also still available - SRAC's first movie "Glimpses of

Our Past" tells the story of the thousands of years that
man lived in our region and is available now at SRAC!
BONUS: The DVD also includes two full length presen-
tations! $9.99 plus tax at the gift shop, or send $11.99,
along with your mailing address, to SRAC Glimpses of Our Past, PO Box 12, Sayre, PA 18840. All proceeds benefit the Susque-
hanna River Archaeological Center.
Did you know that SRAC was founded in 2005? In December 2007 we bought the building that is now our Center at
345 Broad St., Waverly, NY; and in just over two years, with the support of so many philanthropists and volunteers, we
have renovated what was once an eye sore into a bustling Center with a gift shop, lecture hall, and exhibit hall for our
community!
SRAC operates with 100% volunteer staffing. The people listed below donate hundreds
of hours every month to make SRAC a success. Thank you for all that you do!
We survive because of your efforts!
SRAC Board of Directors SRAC Volunteers

• Deb Twigg • Tom Vallilee • Don Hunt • Beryl Cleary
• Dick Cowles • Janet Andrus • Peggy Burkhart • Sam Ayers
• Ted Keir • Mary Ann Taylor • Mary Keene • Pat Miran
• Susan Fogel • Mark Madill • John and Dee Margetanski
The Susquehanna River Archaeological Center of Native Indian Studies
PO Box 12
Sayre, PA 18840
Return Service Requested
- cut here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Type Annual Fee Benefits
Student $15.00 Newsletter, special events, exclusive offers, and special discounts.
Senior (65 and

$15.00 Newsletter, special events, exclusive offers, and special discounts.
over)
Family $25.00 Newsletter, special events, exclusive offers, and special discounts.
Individual $20.00 Newsletter, special events, exclusive offers, and special discounts.
Research Partner Newsletter, special events, exclusive offers, special discounts, and online database collec-
$100.00
(Ind.) tion access.
Corporate or
$250.00 Newsletter, special events, exclusive offers, and special discounts.
Group
$500.00 Lifetime membership and newsletters, special events, exclusive offers, and special dis-
Benefactor
One Time counts.
Address:
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Become a member of SRAC!
• Please check the type of membership you wish to apply for.
• Fill out the information above.
• Submit this form with a check for the appropriate amount to: SRAC, PO Box 12, Sayre 18840

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Page 1 THE SRAC JOURNAL Volume 6, Issue 2

Volume 6, Issue 3 December 2010

THE SRAC JOURNAL

SRAC Member Lon Kouterick SRAC Collection

ANNE BAILEY, FRONTIER SCOUT - REVOLUTIONARY WAR CONT.

trees to keep her ammunition dry. To keep from being discovered by

SRAC 2011 WALL CALENDAR

SRAC...Who We Are, 2010……

SRAC...Who We Are, 2010...cont.

SRAC...Who We Are, 2010...cont.

BIG TURNOUT AT SRAC HALLOWEEN BASH!

ANALYZING PROTO-SUSQUEHANNOCK SITES IN THE UPPER SUSQUEHANNA RIVER VALLEY

WAVERLY’S LINCOLN STREET SCOOL PROJECT

(Continued on page 15)

SRAC GIVING CAMPAIGN & SRAC JOURNAL SPONSORS

Organization Gold Sponsors:

SRAC RECEIVES TWO COLLECTIONS

Coming Events at SRAC

Coming Events at SRAC cont.

Stay tuned! There’s always something happening at SRAC!!!

Gold Sponsor Silver Sponsor

Donate a Local Collection. SRAC supports our local collectors.

SRAC PRODUCED DVDS ON SALE

**You can purchase the Woolly Mammoth DVD which in-

**Also still available - SRAC's first movie "Glimpses of

SRAC Board of Directors SRAC Volunteers

Senior (65 and

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