TORTS AND DAMAGES 1819-2 – Arellano University School of Law

COURSE OUTLINE
COURSE DESCRIPTION: An analysis of the law on quasi-delicts as well as the nature, classes,
and extent of damages

REFERENCES: RA 386 (New Civil Code of the Philippines)

EO 209 (Family Code of the Philippines)
RA 7394 (Consumer Act)
Paras, E.L., Civil Code: Annotated, Book V (Rex)
Aquino, T.B., Torts and Damages (Rex)

I. Torts
A. Definition (Case Nos. 1 to 2)
B. Elements (3 to 5)
C. Quasi-Delict (6 to 9)
1. Quasi-Delict vs. Delict (10)
2. Culpa Acquiliana vs. Culpa Contractual (11 to 15)
D. Negligence
1. Concept
2. Diligence Required (16)
3. Degrees of Negligence (17 and 18)
4. Standard of Conduct (19 to 27)
5. Presumption
a. In motor vehicle mishaps (28)
b. Possessions of dangerous weapons or substance
c. Common carriers
d. Res ipsa loquitor (29 to 33)
6. Defenses
a. Plaintiff’s negligence (34 and 35)
b. Contributory negligence (36 and 37)
c. Fortuitous event (38)
d. Assumption of risk (39 and 40)
e. Prescription (41)
E. The Cause
1. Categories
a. Proximate (42)
b. Concurrent (43)
c. Remote (44)
d. Intervening
2. Tests (45 to 47)
F. Persons Vicariously Liable
1. Persons Exercising Parental Authority (48 to 49)
2. Teachers and Schools (50 to 52)
3. Owners/Managers of Establishments/Employers (53 to 57)
4. State (58 and 59)
G. Persons Specifically Liable (60 to 66)
1. Possessor or User of Animals
2. Owner of Motor Vehicles
3. Local Governments
4. Proprietors of Buildings
ATTY. NICO B. VALDERRAMA, CPA, MPM, ESQ 1
TORTS AND DAMAGES 1819-2 – Arellano University School of Law

5. Engineer/Architect
6. Head of a Family
7. Owners of Enterprises
8. Manufacturers/Producers
9. Those who Interfere with Contractual Relations
H. Human Relations (67)
1. Abuse of Rights (68 to 70)
2. Illegal Acts
3. Acts Contra Bonos Mores (71 to 75)
4. Violation of Human Dignity (76)
5. Dereliction of Duty
6. Unfair Competition (77)
I. Independent Civil Actions
1. Violation of Civil and Political Rights (78)
2. Defamation, Fraud and Physical Injuries (79 to 83)
3. Neglect of Duty
4. “Catch-All”
II. Damages
A. When Allowed (84)
B. Classification
C. Apportionment (85)
D. Actual and Compensatory Damages
1. Definition and Purpose
2. Proof (86)
3. Coverage
a. In general (87 and 88)
b. In contracts and quasi-contracts (89)
c. In crimes and quasi-delicts (87, 90 and 91)
d. Earning capacity (86)
e. Death (92 to 95)
f. Rape (96 and 97)
g. Attorney’s fees (98 to 102)
h. Interest (103 and 104)
4. Mitigation (105 to 107)
E. Moral Damages
1. Definition and Purpose (108)
2. Recoverability (109 to 123)
3. Who may Recover (124 to 128)
4. Factors (129)
F. Nominal Damages
1. Definition and Purpose
2. Recoverability (130 to 135)
3. Nature and Determination (136 to 139)
G. Temperate or Moderate Damages
1. When Awarded (140 to 142)
2. Factors (143 to 146)
H. Liquidated Damages
1. Definition and Purpose (147 to 149)
2. Reduction (150 to 152)
I. Exemplary or Corrective Damages

ATTY. NICO B. VALDERRAMA, CPA, MPM, ESQ 2

TORTS AND DAMAGES 1819-2 – Arellano University School of Law

1. Definition and Purpose

2. When Imposable (153 to 160)
J. Graduation of Damages
K. Miscellaneous Rules

Grading System:

30% Class Standing (15% Recitation, 10% Quizzes, 5% Prelim Exam)

30% Midterm Exam
40% Final Exam
100%

Requirements:

1. MANDATORY:
a. Articles 19 – 35 and 2176 – 2235 of the New Civil Code handwritten in yellow pad. The
completeness of the provisions must be certified correct by two (2) other students of the same
class. This shall comprise 10% of your Midterm Exam. Deadline: Three weeks before Day of
Midterms.
b. Forty (40) case doctrines in yellow pad (own handwriting) presented in a Q&A format. These shall
be counted as a special quiz (one doctrine = 2 points, thus it will be scored 80/80). The number of
doctrines must be certified correct by two (2) other students of the same class. Deadline: Three
weeks before Day of Finals.
i. Components of a case doctrines: (NOTE: No facts needed.)
1. [Case Number] Case Title, GR #, Date [Per J.__, En Banc/ __ Division]
2. Question
3. Answer: Doctrine held by the Supreme Court
ii. Case assignments depend on the last digit of the Student Number:
1. Cases 1-40 (Naguiat v. NLRC to Pantaleon v. American Express): Student Numbers ending
in 0 and 1
2. 41-80 (Kramer v. CA to Yuchengco v. Manila Chronicle): ending in 2 and 3
3. 81-120 (Heirs of Simon v. Chan to Regala v. Carin): ending in 4, 5, and 6
4. 121-160 (Francisco v. Ferrer to Singapore Airlines v. Fernandez): ending in 7, 8, and 9
2. OPTIONAL: Additional case doctrines in excess of the required 40 case doctrines mandatorily
required. These shall be counted as a special quiz (one doctrine = 2 points). Deadline: Three weeks
before Day of Finals

Ground Rules:

- Never use friction pens.

- NO RECORDING OF CLASS LECTURES.
- Always bring at least five (5) sheets of yellow pad.
- Recitation will be conducted every class session. If not present when called, a grade of 50 shall be given.
- Expect to have at least one (1) quiz every class session.
- No adjustments shall be made in the computation of the final grade.
- Any student who arrives after 4:10 PM shall be considered absent.
- Any student who has been absent for more than 4 class sessions shall be given a final grade of FA (failure
due to absences which shall be counted as a grade of 68).
- Students who earned any final grade lower than 70 shall be given a final grade of 70.

ATTY. NICO B. VALDERRAMA, CPA, MPM, ESQ 3

TORTS AND DAMAGES 1819-2 – Arellano University School of Law

- If a student fails to take the Prelims or Midterms with valid reason, he/she will not be given a special
exam but his/her grades will be less 10% of the succeeding major exam (Midterms for missed Prelims
and Finals for missed Midterms).
- If a student fails to take the Prelims or Midterms without any valid reason, he/she shall earn a grade of
zero (0).
- An incentive of +1 each in the final grade will be given for perfect attendance (who arrived before the
professor’s roll call) during the following periods: First Day to Midterms and after Midterms to Finals,
provided that the student earns a grade of at least 75.00 before earning said incentive.

CASE LIST
TORTS
(1) Naguiat v. NLRC, GR 116123, March 13, 1997
(2) Vinzons-Chato v. Fortune, GR 141309, June 19, 2007 and December 23, 2008
(3) Garcia v. Salvador, GR 168512, March 20, 2007
(4) Lucas v. Tuaño, GR 178763, April 21, 2009
(5) Ocean Builders v. Spouses Cubacub, GR 150898, April 13, 2011
(6) Barredo v. Garcia, GR 48006, July 8, 1942
(7) Elcano v. Hill, GR No. L-24803, May 26, 1977
(8) Baksh v. CA, GR 97336, February 19, 1993
(9) Andamo v. IAC, GR 74761, November 6, 1990
(10) L.G. Foods v. Philadelfa, GR 158995. September 26, 2006
(11) FGU Insurance v. Sarmiento, GR 141910 August 6, 2002
(12) Consolidated Bank v. CA, GR 138569, September 11, 2003
(13) Air France v. Carrascoso, GR. L-21438, September 28, 1966
(14) PSBA v. CA, GR 84698, February 4, 1992
(15) Light Rail Transit v. Navidad, GR 145804, February 6, 2003
(16) Sicam v. Jorge, GR 159617, August 8, 2007
(17) Amedo v. Rio, GR L-6870, May 24, 1954
(18) Ilao-Oreta v. Ronquillo, GR 172406, October 11, 2007
(19) Picart v. Smith, GR L-12219, March 15, 1918
(20) Corinthian Gardens v. Spouses Tanjangco, GR 160795, June 27, 2008
(21) Heirs of Completo v. Albayda, GR 172200, July 6, 2010
(22) Pacis v. Morales, GR 169467, February 25, 2010
(23) Jarco Marketing v. CA, GR 129792, December 21, 1999
(24) Ylarde v. Aquino, GR L-33722, July 29, 1988
(25) US v. Pineda, GR L-12858, January 22, 1918
(26) Dela Torre v. Imbuido, GR 192973, September 29, 2014
(27) Borromeo v. Family Care Hospital, Inc., GR 191018, January 25, 2016
(28) Tison v. Spouses Pomasin, GR 173180, August 24, 2012
(29) Professional Services v. Agana, GR 126297, January 31, 2007; GR 126297, February 11, 2008;
GR 126297, February 2, 2010
(30) BJDC Construction v. Lanuzo, GR 161151, March 24, 2014
(31) College Assurance v. Belfranlt, GR 155604, November 22, 2007
(32) DM Consunji v. CA, GR 137873, April 20, 2001
(33) Rosit v. Davao Doctors Hospital, GR 210445, December 2, 2015
(34) PLDT v. CA, GR 57079, September 29, 1989
(35) Cagayan II Electric Cooperative Inc v. Rapanan, GR 199886, December 3, 2014

ATTY. NICO B. VALDERRAMA, CPA, MPM, ESQ 4

TORTS AND DAMAGES 1819-2 – Arellano University School of Law

(36) NPC v. Heirs of Casionan, GR 165969, November 27, 2008

(37) Lambert v. Heirs of Ray Castillon, GR 160709, February 23, 2005
(38) Juntilla v. Fontanar, GR L-45637, May 31, 1985
(39) Nikko Hotel v. Roberto Reyes, GR 154259, February 28, 2005
(40) Pantaleon v. American Express, GR 174269, August 25, 2010
(41) Kramer v. CA, GR 83524, October 13, 1989
(42) Mercury Drug v. Baking, GR 156037, May 25, 2007
(43) Ruks Konsult and Construction v. Adworld Sign, GR 204866, January 21, 2015
(44) ANECO v. Balen, GR 173146, November 25, 2009
(45) Dy Teban v. Jose Ching, GR 161803, February 4, 2008
(46) Canlas v. GA, GR 112160, February 28, 2000
(47) Engada v. CA, GR 140698, June 20, 2003
(48) Libi v. IAC, GR 70890 September 18, 1992
(49) Tamargo v. CA, GR 85044, June 3, 1992
(50) Salvosa v. IAC, GR 70458, October 5, 1988
(51) St. Mary’s Academy v. Carpitanos, GR 143363, February 6, 2002
(52) St. Joseph’s College v. Miranda, GR 182353, June 29, 2010
(53) Phil. Rabbit v. Phil American, GR L-25142, March 25, 1975
(54) Laconsay v. Berog y Caraos, GR 188686, December 3, 2014
(55) NPC v. CA, GR 119121, August 14, 1998
(56) Mercury Drug v. Huang, GR 172122, June 22, 2007
(57) Child Learning Center v. Tagario, GR150920, November 25, 2005
(58) Meritt v. Government, GR L-11154, March 21, 1916
(59) Fontanilla v. Maliaman, GR 55963, December 1, 1989; GR 55963, February 27, 1991
(60) Vestil v. IAC, GR 74431, November 6, 1989
(61) Caedo v. Yu Khe Thai, GR L-20392, December 18, 1968
(62) Guilatco v. Dagupan, GR 61516, March 21, 1989
(63) Jimenez v. City of Manila, GR 71049, May 29, 1987
(64) Alarcon v. Alarcon, GR L-15692, May 31, 1961
(65) Lagon v. CA, GR 119107, March 18, 2005
(66) Go v. Cordero, GR 164703, May 4, 2010
(67) Arco Pulp and Paper Co., Inc. v. Lim, GR 206806, June 25, 2014
(68) Globe Mackay v. CA, GR 81262, August 25, 1989
(69) Albenson v. CA, GR 88694, January 11, 1993
(70) UE v. Jader, GR 132344, February 17, 2000
(71) Wassmer v. Velez, GR L-20089, December 26, 1964
(72) Pe v. Pe, GR L-17396, May 30, 1962
(73) Carpio v. Valmonte, GR 151866, September 9, 2004
(74) Drilon v. CA, GR 107019, March 20, 1997
(75) Magbanua v. Junsay, GR 132659, February 12, 2007
(76) Spouses Guanio v. Makati Shangri-La, GR 190601, February 7, 2011
(77) Willaware Products Corp v. Jesichris Manufacturing Corp., GR 195549, September 3, 2014
(78) MHP Garments v. CA, GR 86720, September 2, 1994
(79) Madeja v. Caro, GR L-51183, December 21, 1983
(80) Yuchengco v. Manila Chronicle, GR 184315, November 25, 2009
(81) Heirs of Simon v. Elvin Chan, GR 157547, February 23, 2011
(82) Bonite v. Zosa, GR L-33772, June 20, 1988
(83) Dulay v. CA, GR 108017, April 3, 1995

ATTY. NICO B. VALDERRAMA, CPA, MPM, ESQ 5

TORTS AND DAMAGES 1819-2 – Arellano University School of Law

DAMAGES
(84) Custodio v. CA, GR 116100, February 9, 1996
(85) People v. Halil Gambao, GR 172707, October 1, 2013
(86) Gatchalian v. Delim, GR 56487, October 21, 1991
(87) PNOC v. CA, GR 107518, October 8, 1998
(88) Candano V. Sugata-On, GR 163212, March 13, 2007
(89) Spouses Zalamea v. CA, GR 104235, November 18, 1993
(90) People v. Jugueta, GR 202124, April 5, 2016
(91) Llorente v. Sandiganbayan, GR 85464, October 3, 1991
(92) People v. Lopez, GR 188902, February 16, 2011
(93) Philippine Hawk v. Lee, GR 166869, February 16, 2010
(94) Pleyto v. Lomboy, GR 148737, June 16, 2004
(95) People v. Ibanez, GR197813, September 25, 2013
(96) People v. Astrologo, G.R. 169873, June 8, 2007
(97) People v. Bartolini, GR 179498, August 3, 2010
(98) Manila Electric v. Ramoy, GR 158911, March 4, 2008
(99) Briones v. Macabagdal, GR 150666, August 3, 2010
(100) Bank of America v. Phil. Racing, GR150228, July 30, 2009
(101) Spouses Andrada v. Pilhino, GR 156448, February 23, 2011
(102) Aquino v. Casabar, GR 191470, January 26, 2015
(103) Frias v. San Diego-Sison, GR 155223, April 3, 2007
(104) Nacar v. Gallery Frames, GR 189871, August 13, 2013
(105) Lim v. CA, GR 125817, January 16, 2002
(106) Sweet Lines v CA, GR L-46340, April 28, 1983
(107) Ong v. Bognabal, GR 149140, September 12, 2006
(108) Kierulf v. CA, GR 99301, March 13, 1997
(109) People v. Cleopas and Pirame, GR 121998, March 9, 2000
(110) Carlos Arcoma y Moban v. CA, GR 134784, December 9, 2002
(111) B.F. Metal v. Lomotan, GR 170813, April 16, 2008
(112) People v. Lizano, GR 174470, April 27, 2007
(113) People v. Madsali, GR 179570, February 4, 2010
(114) Occena v. Icamina, GR 82146, January 22, 1990
(115) Expert Travel v. C.A., GR 130030, June 25, 1999
(116) Spouses Suntay v. Keyser Mercantile, GR 208462, December 10, 2014
(117) Triple Eight v. NLRC, GR 129584, December 3, 1998
(118) Concepcion v. CA, GR 120706, January 31, 2000
(119) Manila Electric v. Spouses Chua, GR 160422, July 5, 2010
(120) Regala v. Carin, GR 188715, April 6, 2011
(121) Francisco v. Ferrer, GR 142029, February 28, 2001
(122) Bankard v. Feliciano, GR 141761, July 28, 2006
(123) PAL v. Lopez, GR 156654, November 20, 2008
(124) Sulpicio Lines v. Curso, GR 157009, March 17, 2010
(125) ABS – CBN v. CA, GR 128690, January 21, 1999
(126) Filipinas Broadcasting v. Ago, GR 141994, January 17, 2005
(127) Republic v. Tuvera, GR 148246, February 16, 2007
(128) San Fernando v. Cargill, GR 178008, October 9, 2013
(129) Lopez v. Pan American, GR L-22415, March 30, 1966
(130) People v. Marquez, GR 181440, April 13, 2011
(131) Almeda v. Carino, GR 152143, January 13, 2003
(132) Gonzales v. PCIB, GR 180257, February 23, 2011

ATTY. NICO B. VALDERRAMA, CPA, MPM, ESQ 6

TORTS AND DAMAGES 1819-2 – Arellano University School of Law

(133) Areola v. CA, GR 95641, September 22, 1994

(134) Francisco v. Ferrer, GR 142029, February 28, 2001
(135) Twin Ace v. Rufina, GR 160191, June 8, 2006
(136) Pedrosa v. CA, GR 118680, March 5, 2001
(137) Gonzales v. People, GR 159950, February 12, 2007
(138) Robes-Francisco v. CFI, GR L-41093, October 30, 1978
(139) People v. Bernardo, GR 144316, March 11, 2002
(140) Pleno v. CA, GR 56505, May 9, 1988
(141) Tan v. OMC Carriers, GR 190521, January 12, 2011
(142) Ventanilla v. Centeno, GR L-14333, January 28, 1961
(143) De Guzman v. Tumolva, GR 188072, October 19, 2011
(144) People v. Lucero, GR 179044, December 6, 2010
(145) Serrano v. People, GR 175023, July 5, 2010
(146) People v. Andres, GR 135697-98, August 15, 2003
(147) Suatengco v. Reyes, GR 162729, December 17, 2008
(148) HL Carlos v. Marina, GR 147614, January 29, 2004
(149) Titan v. Uni-Field, GR 153874, March 1, 2007
(150) Ligutan v. CA, GR 138677, February 12, 2012
(151) RCBC v. CA, GR 128833, April 20, 1998
(152) Sy v. CA, GR L-39853, August 17, 1983
(153) PNB v. CA, GR 108630, April 2, 1996
(154) People v. Diunsay-Jalandoni, GR 174277, February 8, 2007
(155) People v. Dalisay, GR 188106, November 25, 2009
(156) People v. Dadulla, GR 172321, February 9, 2011
(157) Kapalaran Bus Line v. Coronado, GR 85331, August 25, 1989
(158) Baliwag Transit v. CA, GR 116624, September 20, 1996
(159) Munsayac v. De Lara, GR L-21151, June 26, 1968
(160) Singapore Airlines v. Fernandez, GR 142305, December 10, 2003

“The practice of law, despite its many, many flaws, can still be a very noble thing and I like to think that
it’s just a little more noble with me in it.”
-Harriet Korn, Harry’s Law

ATTY. NICO B. VALDERRAMA, CPA, MPM, ESQ 7