Theoretical Framework

Academic performance amongst nursing students living with their parents and living with friends

In the research of Desforges and Abouchar(2003). The researchers found many studies showed that
amongst nursing students living with their parents have positive effects on their academic
performances. Strikingly by nursing students living with parents is more in terms of influencing pupil’s
education by inspiration or motivation. They also found out that discussion and conversation of parents
to their children were better that either socio-economic status or parent’s level of education. The
researcher found out that academic performance amongst nursing students living with their parents at
home seemed to depend on the age of the child or maturity. For young one’s at home parenting
provides the child with a context to gain skills such as reading, writing, and counting along with
opportunities to develop qualities of motivation. For older students, the parenting role is more about
motivating their child and modeling aspiration than helping with their skills or talents.

(journal) Reference: Desforges, C., & abouchaar, A. (2003) Parental involvement in their children’s
learning

Social learning theory by Albert Bandura (2008) is a theory of learning and social behavior which
proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others. It states that learning is
a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or
direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement. In addition to the
observation of behavior, learning also occurs through the observation of rewards and punishments, a
process known as vicarious reinforcement. When a particular behavior is rewarded regularly, it will most
likely persist; conversely, if a particular behavior is constantly punished, it will most likely desist. The
theory expands on traditional behavioral theories, in which behavior is governed solely by
reinforcements, by placing emphasis on the important roles of various internal processes in the learning
individual. Academic performance amongst nursing students living with their parents and living with
friends can adapt either with parents or friends. If student living with parents who have high intellectual
capacity and they are reading books every night the student may acquire this behavior. They may join
with their parents to read books at night. If the student is living with a friend who have an excellent
performance in class and have different strategy of learning. Observing his or her friend strategy of
learning, the student may adapt or imitate it when the student starts studying.

Bandura, A. (2008). Social cognitive theory of mass communication. In J. Bryant & M. B. Oliver (Eds.), Media
Effects: Advances in Theory and Research (pp. 94-124). New York, NY: Routledge.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_learning_theory
According to McLeod, S. A. (2017). The Attachment Theory by J. Bowlby in 1969 established the
precedent that childhood development depended heavily upon a child's ability to form a strong
relationship with "at least one primary caregiver". Generally speaking, this is one of the parents.
Bowlby's studies in childhood development and "temperament" led him to the conclusion that a strong
attachment to a caregiver provides a necessary sense of security and foundation. Without such a
relationship in place, Bowlby found that a great deal of developmental energy is expended in the search
for stability and security. In general, those without such attachments are fearful and are less willing to
seek out and learn from new experiences. By contrast, a child with a strong attachment to a parent
knows that they have "back-up" so to speak, and thusly tend to be more adventurous and eager to have
new experiences which are of course vital to learning and development. Which nursing student who
lives with their parents may increase their self-confidence by joining to different activities in school
which will increase their academic performances. It also boosts their willingness to learn. They are
adventurous to try new things or experimenting activity of daily living in learning at school.

McLeod, S. A. (2017, Feb 05). Attachment theory. Retrieved from

https://www.simplypsychology.org/attachment.html

Fernyhough, C., & Fradley, E. (2005). According to the theory of Lev Vygotsky (1934) states cognitive
development stems from social interactions from guided learning within the zone of proximal
development as children and their partner's co-construct knowledge. The environment in which children
grow up will influence how they think and what they think about. Vygotsky sees the Zone of Proximal
Development as the area where the most sensitive instruction or guidance should be given - allowing
the child to develop skills they will then use on their own - developing higher mental functions.
According to the theory of Vygotsky it is applicable improve academic performances amongst nursing
student living with their parents and living with friends by social interaction in guiding to learn. The
parents and their friends may construct their knowledge to improve more. According to the zone of
proximal development the nursing students can learn with the help of others knowledge.

Fernyhough, C., & Fradley, E. (2005). Private speech on an executive task: Relations with task
difficulty and task performance. Cognitive Development, 20, 103–120.

Immanuel Kant(2018) Theory of Moral absolutism suggests that the morally correct way to raise a child
is through a traditional family structure that is comprised by two biological parents or adoptive parents
from birth, one male and one female, cohabitating in a marital relationship.
Moral absolutism coincides with the Biblical ideal of family and extends attachment theory to suggest
that two parents are better than one. This theory also offers insights into the academic achievement of
students based on family structure. Parent behavior may reflect to their child attitude. It improves the
academic performances amongst student who lives with their parent.

http://www.ethics.org.au/on-ethics/blog/april-2018/ethics-explainer-moral-absolutism