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Hydrogen Manual
Antonio Piraino
Alessandro Cominu
Hydrogen is a software synthetizer which is able to be used either by itself, emulating a drum machine based
on patterns, or via an external MIDI keyboard/sequencer software. Hydrogen compiles on Linux/x86 and MAC
OSX, although the latter is still experimental, so ask in our devel mailing list for further details.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Download
1.2. Build
1.3. Audio driver configuration
1.3.1. OSS audio driver
1.3.2. Jack audio driver
1.3.3. ALSA audio driver
2. GUI
2.1. The main toolbar
2.2. Song Editor
2.3. Pattern Editor
2.4. Mixer
2.5. LADSPA plugins
2.6. Menu
2.6.1. Preferences
2.6.2. Audio engine info
2.6.3. Drumkit manager
3. A new song
3.1. "Song" mode and "Pattern" mode
3.2. A new pattern
3.3. A new sequence
3.4. Adjust from the mixer
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1. Download
The latest stable version of hydrogen is available at http://hydrogen.sourceforge.net or http://hydrogen-music.org
It is possible to download the source files directly from CVS snapshots with:
● libsndfile at http://www.mega-nerd.com/libsndfile/
● qt (>= 3.2) at http://www.trolltech.com
● ALSA (>= 1.x) at http://www.alsa-project.com (only if you wish to use ALSA as audio driver)
● Jack Audio Connection Kit (>= 0.80) at http://jackit.sourceforge.net (only if you wish to use Jack as audio driver)
1.2. Build
After having downloaded and decompressed the tar.gz file there's only to:
$ cd hydrogen-*
$ ./configure
$ make
$ su -c "make install"
$./configure --help
Namely, if you get some error while running Hydrogen and you want to report it remember to configure
the makefile with:
$./configure --enable-debug
Please note that at the moment no binary packaging (.rpm, .deb, ...) is available. Contributors are welcome.
Also remember to compile with at least a GCC 3.x to be 100% sure to avoid any possible problem.
The Oss audio driver uses /dev/dsp and it's based on the OSS interface which is supported by the vast majority
of sound cards available for linux; this said, the use of this audio driver blocks /dev/dsp until Hydrogen is closed
i.e. unusable by any other software. Use it as last resource.
The Jack driver is a professional audio server which permits very low lag and exchanges with other audio
software. We strongly recommend
using this driver to have
the best out of Hydrogen . It needs its server running,
so remember to launch it before Hydrogen. [TODO INSERT notes about features of jack related and
possible binding with other software like ardour]
NEW! Now Hydrogen works also with ALSA, the new Linux standard audio drivers.
Chapter 2. GUI
Main controls to start [Hotkey = Spacebar], stop, fast forward, rewind, loop a song or a pattern.
Set speed of playing (range: 30-400 bpm) [Hotkey = mouse wheel] and button to enable/disable metronome
Click to enable Jack transport: Hydrogen will work as 'slave' with another 'master' program (e.g. Ardour).
This applet is only available if Jack Audio Driver is selected.
any order we prefer. We can also copy and paste patterns: use left mouse button to highlight an area and drag
it around. Dragging with CTRL key pressed copies the patterns.
Under these buttons there is a list of patterns created and when they will played (each square == 1 bar). Click
on an squarebox to add or cancel the pattern. Clicking on right mouse button over the name of a pattern will
bring up a menu to change name of the pattern or to allow copying/deleting it. Patterns with very same name
are not allowed.
Each instrument has its own set of features accessible right-clicking with your mouse on it; "Mute", "Solo" are
self-explaining while "Lock" locks the instrument belonging to a drumkit on that pattern even if you
change drumkit: this way you can easily mess up more drumkits together and create your own! "Fill/Clear
notes" fills or deletes every note of that instrument in the current pattern (remember that filling a pattern
is always relative to the grid resolution set) and finally "Randomize velocity" automatically apply a
pseudo-random velocity to each note of that instrument in the pattern. The more velocity you set on
the instrument, the more hydrogen will hit "hard" on that instrument when played.
Also, you can set new beats clicking on which enables direct input by MIDI events or by keyboard according
to the following map key=instrument:
● Z = Kick
● X = Snare Jazz
● C = Snare Rock
● V = Tom Low
● B = Tom Mid
● N = Tom Hi
● M = Cowbell
● Q = Ride Jazz
● W = Ride Rock
● E = Instrument No. 17 (currently not assigned)
● R = Instrument No. 18 (currently not assigned)
● T = Instrument No. 20 (currently not assigned)
● Y = Instrument No. 22 (currently not assigned)
● U = Instrument No. 24 (currently not assigned)
● S = Stick
● D = Hand Clap
● G = Closed HH
● H = Pedal HH
● J = Open HH
● 2 = Crash
● 3 = Crash Jazz
● 5 = Instrument No. 19 (currently not assigned)
● 6 = Instrument No. 21 (currently not assigned)
● 7 = Instrument No. 23 (currently not assigned)
Here's a quick reference of the above bindings for your convenience. See Chapter 3 for a basic walkthrough of
how the pattern editor works.
2.4. Mixer
The Mixer frame (Fig. 3) is useful for tuning a global or single volume of the current drumkit. It shows the
current peak (click on to disable, useful on old CPUs) and let you set the maximum peak allowed (tune
with the fader knob of the instrument), lets you modify attributes like pan , play solo , mute or
test play only that instrument ; selecting in the Pattern Editor an instrument causes a blue LED to light on
(near the play button). Near the global volume knob, you can set 3 global effect such a swing (shifts a few
notes back or forward not randomly), timing (modify timings of the notes) and humanize effect (random
velocity editing).
Double clicking over the name of an instrument in the Mixer frame will bring up a doubled face tool to modify
many properties of that instrument.
The first tab ('Instrument') lets you fine tune the instrument: you can adjust Attack, Decay, Sustain,
Release, Cutoff and Resonance (both of which can be excluded) or even add a random pitch.
The second tab ('Layer') can add WAV/AU/AIFF/FLAC samples up to 16 layers to the instrument according to
the level of its velocity and tune pitch and gain.
In addition to all this you can set up to 4 special LADSPA effects for each instrument switching the
button. See next section for a detailed overview.
Once you have installed a few plugins open a song you'd like add an effect to and select an instrument that has
a few beats in the pattern. In the Mixer click on and select one of the four available effect line Click on
the Edit button ( ), than on "Select the FX": this will bring up another window (Fig. 3) that lets you choose
an effect amongst those installed, they are alphabetically sorted and categorized. Once you're done, adjust
the level from the mixer and start playing. Each round knob in the FX part controls the level of its effect. If
you want to quickly enable/disable the effect click the Bypass ( ) button.
2.6. Menu
From the pull-down menus it's worth noticing: File-->'Save as' to save the current song in .h2song format,
File-->Export to export it in WAV/MID format, File--> Preferences, Window--> Audio Engine Info and Window--
> Drumkit manager.
2.6.1. Preferences
From the "Audio System" tab (Fig. 4) it is possible to modify the audio driver being used (OSS, Jack,
ALSA, PortAudio) with its buffer and sampling rate. We can also set some features of Hydrogen like "Enable
track outputs" useful if you want to add effects to a single instrument with jack-rack; "Connect to Default
Output Pair" simply connects ALSA output to the default ports: uncheck this if you want to connect jack output
to other ports without disconnecting them first. Keep an eye also on the value of "Polyphony": depending on
your CPU you may want to change the max simultaneous notes in order to prevent hydrogen from xrun.
Clicking on the "Midi System" tab (Fig. 5) will select a menu to enable a MIDI device, a specific channel or all
of them, while clicking on "Appearance" tab (Fig. 6) let's you to modify font size, type of frame (Child or Top
Level) and speed of mixer's peaks falloff and QT style of the windows.
This tab (Fig. 7) will bring up a window with general infos about Hydrogen and audio driver. Buffer and
sampling rate of Jack audio driver are customizable when the server is started from the shell.
Fig. 7 The Audio Engine Info window. Better check that cpu-meter on old systems and crowded /proc dir ;)
The drumkit manager shows all the options concerning drumkits, i.e. groups of sounds (WAV or FLAC) to be
binded with every track available so to obtain a proper "groove" according to the situation (disco music, rock,
hip hop, etc.). To let you have a rough idea of a good example of use of these drumkits, it is advisable to play
the associated .h2song sample song.
From the first screen (Fig. 8) we can load/delete the drumkit, with a short description. Here (Fig. 9) we can
save some infos about the current drumkit and from here (Fig. 10) we can import a drumkit (.h2drumkit) (Fig.
11) or export it (Fig. 12).
Hydrogen has 2 main modes: "Pattern" mode and "Song" mode (refer to this section for the buttons to
activate). When "Pattern" mode is activated the current pattern is continously repeated, so to help changing it
until we don't like it, while "Song" mode repeats only the current pattern: this is useful when putting together
the patterns, to create the whole structure for the song.
The Mixer frame (Fig. 14) is made of 32 independent tracks, each of these is binded to an instrument, plus
a "Master Output" line to adjust general output volume and a "FX" button to set effects. Every line features
3 buttons ( ), pan adjust ( ), current maximum peak, volume fader and name of the
track. Clicking on will play the selected instrument, cutting the others. The "Mute" button , simply
mute that instrument. The maximun peak indicates the maximun volume reached from the
instrument; the peak must be in a range of 0.0 and 1.0 (in Fig. 14 you can see a few volumes too loud),
otherwise it will get distorted producing a weird sound (especially with OSS audio driver), in this case it's better
to set volume down; keep an eye on each vu-meter.