Números Reales Calculo Diferencial 2018

4. Los Números Reales

Problemas
1. Pruébese que el cero es el inverso aditivo de sí mismo: −0 = 0

𝑎 + (−𝑎) = 0
Si 𝑎 = 0
Entonces
0 + (−0) = 0
(−0) = 0
2. Pruébese que −𝑎 − 𝑏 = −(𝑎 + 𝑏)
(𝑎 + 𝑏) + [−(𝑎 + 𝑏)] = 0

(−𝑎) + [(𝑎 + 𝑏) + [−(𝑎 + 𝑏)]] = 0 + (−𝑎)

(−𝑎) + 𝑎 + [𝑏 + [−(𝑎 + 𝑏)]] = −𝑎

0 + [𝑏 + [−(𝑎 + 𝑏)]] = −𝑎

𝑏 + [−(𝑎 + 𝑏)] = −𝑎

−𝑏 + [𝑏 + [−(𝑎 + 𝑏)]] = −𝑎 − 𝑏

[−𝑏 + 𝑏] + [−(𝑎 + 𝑏)] = −𝑎 − 𝑏

0 + [−(𝑎 + 𝑏)] = −𝑎 − 𝑏
−(𝑎 + 𝑏) = −𝑎 − 𝑏
3. Pruébese que si 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑐, entonces, 𝑏 = 𝑐

𝑎+𝑏 =𝑎+𝑐
−𝑎 + (𝑎 + 𝑏) = −𝑎 + (𝑎 + 𝑐)
(−𝑎 + 𝑎) + 𝑏 = (−𝑎 + 𝑎) + 𝑐

0+𝑏 =0+𝑐
𝑏=𝑐
4. Pruébese que 𝑎 − (𝑏 − 𝑐) = (𝑎 − 𝑏) + 𝑐
𝑎=𝑎
𝑎+0=𝑎+0
𝑎 + (𝑏 − 𝑐) + [−(𝑏 − 𝑐)] = 𝑎 + [𝑎 + (−𝑎)]
𝑎 + 𝑏 + (−𝑏) − 𝑐 + 𝑐 + [−(𝑏 − 𝑐)] = 𝑎 + [𝑎 + (−𝑎)] + (−𝑏) + 𝑐
𝑎 + 0 + 0 + [−(𝑏 − 𝑐)] = 𝑎 + 0 + (−𝑏) + 𝑐
𝑎 − (𝑏 − 𝑐) = (𝑎 − 𝑏) + 𝑐
1

Leonardo Alejandro Medina Rodríguez

 Números Reales Calculo Diferencial 2018

5. Pruébese que el uno es el inverso multiplicativo de sí mismo 1−1 = 1

𝑎 ∙ 𝑎−1 = 1
Si 𝑎 = 1
Entonces

1 ∙ 1−1 = 1

1−1 = 1
6. Pruébese que si 𝑎𝑏 = 0, entonces 𝑎 = 0 o 𝑏 = 0

𝑏≠0 𝑎≠0
𝑎𝑏 = 0 𝑎𝑏 = 0
𝑎𝑏 ∙ 𝑏 −1 = 0 𝑎−1 ∙ 𝑎𝑏 = 0
−1 )
𝑎(𝑏 ∙ 𝑏 = 0 (𝑎−1 ∙ 𝑎)𝑏 = 0
𝑎∙1=0 1∙𝑏 =0
𝑎=0 𝑏=0

7. Pruébese que 𝑎𝑏 ≠ 0, entonces (𝑎𝑏)−1 = 𝑎−1 ∙ 𝑏 −1

(𝑎𝑏)(𝑎𝑏)−1 = 1
[(𝑎𝑏)(𝑎𝑏)−1 ](𝑎−1 ∙ 𝑏 −1 ) = 1 ∙ (𝑎−1 ∙ 𝑏 −1 )

(𝑎𝑏)[(𝑎𝑏)−1 (𝑎−1 ∙ 𝑏 −1 )] = 𝑎−1 ∙ 𝑏 −1

(𝑎𝑏)[(𝑎−1 ∙ 𝑏 −1 )(𝑎𝑏)−1 ] = 𝑎−1 ∙ 𝑏 −1

[(𝑎𝑏)(𝑎−1 ∙ 𝑏 −1 )(𝑎𝑏)−1 ] = 𝑎−1 ∙ 𝑏 −1

[(𝑎 ∙ 𝑎−1 )(𝑏 ∙ 𝑏 −1 )(𝑎𝑏)−1 ] = 𝑎−1 ∙ 𝑏 −1

(1 ∙ 1)(𝑎𝑏)−1 = 𝑎−1 ∙ 𝑏 −1

(𝑎𝑏)−1 = 𝑎−1 ∙ 𝑏 −1

8. Pruébese que si 𝑎 ≠ 0, entonces (𝑎−1 )−1 = 𝑎

𝑎−1 ∙ (𝑎−1 )−1 = 1

𝑎[𝑎−1 ∙ (𝑎−1 )−1 ] = 𝑎

[𝑎 ∙ 𝑎−1 ](𝑎−1 )−1 = 𝑎

1 ∙ (𝑎−1 )−1 = 𝑎
(𝑎−1 )−1 = 𝑎

Leonardo Alejandro Medina Rodríguez

 Números Reales Calculo Diferencial 2018

9. Pruébese que si 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎𝑐 y 𝑎 ≠ 0, entonces 𝑏 = 𝑐

𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎𝑐
𝑎−1 (𝑎𝑏) = (𝑎𝑐)𝑎−1
(𝑎−1 ∙ 𝑎)𝑏 = (𝑎−1 ∙ 𝑎)𝑐

1∙𝑏 =1∙𝑐
𝑏=𝑐

Leonardo Alejandro Medina Rodríguez