DJIBOUTI QUESTIONNAIRE

Q1. Country
1. Djibouti
Mulitplehh1. Is this a single-level building with multiple households?
- Yes
- No

Multiplehh2. How many households are in the building? [NUMERICAL ENTRY]

Visit #

Interim outcome code

- Select “Contact Made” if you are able to make contact with anyone at all at the household
- Select @No reply/No one at home “if no one is at home
- Select “Ineligible address” if rules for dwelling eligibility are not met

1. Contact made
2. No reply / No one at home
3. Ineligible address
4. Respondent does not speak any of the languages of the interview

If “Contact Made”

READ OUT: Hello, my name is ____ and I work for ____. I am conducting a survey on issues affecting
the community in your area and the country as a whole and would like to ask someone selected at
random in your household questions related to these. Taking part in this survey is completely
voluntary and they will have the right to end the interview at any point, as well as refuse to answer
any questions they feel uncomfortable with. There is no payment offered for taking part, but it will
help in improving understanding about the issues affecting this community. The survey should take
about 30-45 minutes to complete.
Determine preferred language of household and switch to the appropriate language

INTERVIEWER REMINDER:

Include:
- People who normally live at this address, but are away for less than 10 weeks
- People away at work for whom this is the main address
- Boarders and lodgers

Exclude:
- People away for 10 weeks or more
- People who live elsewhere due to work / study
- Spouses who are separated and no longer resident

S1. TO INTERVIEWER: Has the household agreed to provide household information to start the
selection process?
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 1. Yes
2. No [CLOSE]

S3a. INTERVIEWER: Is this a male or female interview?

1. Male
2. Female

S2. READ TO RESPONDENTS: How many [males/females] aged 18 or older currently live in this
household? [NUMERICAL ENTRY]

READ TO RESPONDENTS: We have a special way of selecting which person to interview and in order to
choose fairly, please tell me the first name and age of each Female member of the household (aged 18
or over).

S3b_Name. Person #1: Name or initial [TEXT ENTRY]

S3b_Age. How old were they on their last birthday? If the respondent does not know age, please
estimate. [NUMERICAL ENTRY]

Selecting respondent. Please continue.

Name of respondent:

Confirming selected respondent. Please continue.

For interviewer: Is the selected member, ___, the person you are currently speaking to? Do not read
out to respondent.
1. Yes [Go to P1]
2. No [Go to P2a]

P2a. Can I please talk to ___?

1. Yes [Go to P1]
2. No [Go to P2b]

P2b. May I return at another time to talk to ___?

1. Yes
2. No [CLOSE]

CALLBACK INSTRUCTIONS: You will need to return for a callback to this household (if available).
Interview will now be suspended.

P1. Do you agree to participate in the interview?

1. Yes
2. No [CLOSE]

QREL What is your current religion, if any? (READ LIST) (DO NOT READ MATERIAL IN PARENTHESES)

1 Sunni Muslim
2
2 Shia Muslim
3 Other Muslim sect (Specify)
4 Just a Muslim
97 Other religions [SCREEN OUT]
98 Don't know (DO NOT READ) [SCREEN OUT]
99 Refused (DO NOT READ) [SCREEN OUT]

SCREENOUT TEXT FOR NON-MUSLIMS:

Interviewer read: Thank you. For this survey, we are only looking to interview certain religious
communities, but thank you for your time.

ASK ALL PASSING QREL SCREENER:

You’ll now start the main questionnaire. Please continue.

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SECTION 2 : MEDIA USAGE
Interviewer Read: First, I’m going to ask you some questions about your interest in news and current
events and where you get information.

M1. People get information about news and current events from many different sources. For each one,
please tell me how often you rely on that resource for information about news and current events—
every day, at least once a week, once a month, rarely, or never? [READ OUT LOUD; ASK FOR EACH]

At least A few
Every Once a
once a times a Never DK REF
day month
week year
a. National Television
Broadcaster (Djibouti TV) 1 2 3 4 5 98 99
b. Regional Satellite TV (Al
Arabiya, Al Jazeera, etc. ) 1 2 3 4 5 98 99
c. International Television
Broadcasters (BBC, CNN,
RT, etc.) 1 2 3 4 5 98 99
d. FM/AM Radio 1 2 3 4 5 98 99
e. Newspapers/Magazines 1 2 3 4 5 98 99
f. Religious leaders (imams,
sheikhs, scholars etc) 1 2 3 4 5 98 99
g. Community leaders (local
elders, police chiefs,
business leaders etc) 1 2 3 4 5 98 99
h. Internet news sites (such
as CNN, BBC, blogs, local
websites) 1 2 3 4 5 98 99
i. Social media (Facebook,
You Tube, Twitter, etc.) 1 2 3 4 5 98 99
j. Word of mouth from
friends, family, or
neighbours 1 2 3 4 5 98 99
k. Intellectuals: Academics,
University Professors 1 2 3 4 5 98 99

M2. And now thinking again about each of these sources, which three do you trust the most? And the
second? And the third? SHOW CARD
1st 2nd 3rd
National television broadcaster (Djibouti TV) 1 1 1
Regional satellite TV (Al Arabiya, Al Jazeera etc) 2 2 2
International television broadcasters (BBC, CNN, RT etc) 3 3 3
FM/AM radio 4 4 4
Newspapers/magazines 5 5 5
Religious leaders (imams, Sheikhs, scholars etc) 6 6 6
Community leaders (local elders, police chiefs, business leaders etc) 7 7 7
Internet news sites (such as CNN, BBC, blogs, local websites) 8 8 8
Social media (Facebook, You Tube, Twitter, etc.) 9 9 9
Word of mouth from friends, family or neighbours 10 10 10
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Intellectuals: Academics, University Professors 11 11 11
Don’t know 98 98 98
Refused 99 99 99

M3. Which, if any, of the following do you have working in your household?
Yes, No, do not (Don’t (Refused
have have know) )
M3
a. Television 1 2 98 99
A
M3B b. Radio 1 2 98 99
M3C c. Computer/laptop 1 2 98 99
M3 d. Telephone land
1 2 98 99
D line
M3E e. Internet access 1 2 98 99

M4 When using media, whether it is television, radio, or internet, what kind of shows are you usually
most interested in? (Choose 2)

1. News/Current events
2. Sports
3. Pop culture news/ Music
4. Shows/Drama/Spectacle
5. Comedy
6. Educational shows/Documentaries
7. Health shows
8. Religious shows
9. Movies / cinema
97. Do not use any media
98. Don’t know
99. Refused

M5 (ASK ALL) How often do you use the internet?

1. Every day
2. At least once a week
3. Once a month
4. A few times a year
5. Never
98. Don’t know
99. Refused

M6. (IF M5=1,2,3,4) In the past six months, have you shared any media posted on the Internet with
others also online?
1. Yes
2. No
98. Don’t know
99. Refused

M7. (ASK ALL) Do you own your own individual mobile phone?

1. Yes Continue to M8
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 2. No Skip to P1
3. Use mobile phone shared with others Continue to M8
98. Don’t know Skip to P1
99. Refused Skip to P1

M8. Do you own a “smart” phone, meaning a phone that can be used to watch videos and access e-
mail, Facebook, websites, and apps?

1. Yes Continue to M9
2. No Skip to P1
98. Don’t know Skip to P1
99. Refused Skip to P1

M9. How frequently do you access the Internet through a “smart” phone to use apps like WhatsApp,
email, news, etc?
1. Every day
2. At least once a week
3. Once a month
4. A few times a year
5. Never / Don’t have access to a smart phone
98. Don’t know
99. Refused

Part 1: Political
ASK ALL
P1 I’d like your opinion about some possible international concerns for Djibouti. Please note that
when I mention the “West,” I am thinking of countries like Germany, the UK, France, and the
United States. Do you think that (INSERT ITEM) is a major threat, a minor threat or not a threat
to our way of life? What about ....
Major Minor No threat DK REF
threat threat at all
P1A Western countries’ power and influence 1 2 3 98 99
P1B Eastern Front 1 2 3 98 99
P1C A large number of refugees coming from 1 2 3 98 99
neighbouring countries

P2 How concerned, if at all, are you about extremism in the name of Islam in our country these
days? Are you very concerned, somewhat concerned, not too concerned or not at all concerned
about extremism in the name of Islam in our country these days?

1 Very concerned
2 Somewhat concerned
3 Not too concerned
4 Not at all concerned
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

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 P3 Taking all things into consideration how well do you think the Government represents the
interest of people like you and your family?

1 Very well
2 Fairly well
3 Fairly poorly
4 Very poorly
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

P4 Overall how safe and secure do you feel living in your neighbourhood?

1 Very safe
2 Safe
3 Not very safe
4 Not safe at all
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

P5 How effective do you think your Government is at providing safety and security?

1 Very effective
2 Somewhat effective
3 Somewhat ineffective
4 Very ineffective
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

P6 How strongly do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? [READ OUT
LOUD; ASK FOR EACH]

Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly DK REF

Agree Disagree
P6A All citizens are treated equally and 1 2 3 4 98 99
fairly in Djibouti
P6B I would feel safe attending a 1 2 3 4 98 99
peaceful demonstration in Djibouti

P6C I would feel safe voting in an election 1 2 3 4 98 99

in Djibouti

Part 2: Economic
ASK ALL
E1 Compared to all people living in your country, how would you describe the financial situation of
your household? Would you say you were…

7
 1 Far below average
2 Slightly below average
3 Average
4 Slightly above average
5 Far above average
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

E2 I am going to read you a few statements that may or may not describe your current economic
conditions. Please tell me whether each statement applies to you:
Yes No DK REF

E2A Sometimes my family and I go 1– 2– 98 99

without food or shelter because we SKIP to E3 CONTINUE to E2B
are not able to afford them
E2B We are able to buy ONLY basic 1 2– 98 99
products like staple foods and SKIP to E3 CONTINUE to E2C
shelter
E2C We are able to buy what is 1 2– 98 99
necessary, but we cannot afford SKIP to E3 CONTINUE to E2D
more expensive goods.
E2D We are able to buy some more 1 2– 98 99
expensive goods, but should save on SKIP to E3 CONTINUE to E2E
other things.

E2E We can afford almost whatever we 1 2– 98 99

want. SKIP to E3 CONTINUE to E3

E3 Now thinking about our economic situation, how would you describe the current economic
situation in Djibouti – is it very good, somewhat good, somewhat bad or very bad?

1 Very good
2 Somewhat good
3 Somewhat bad
4 Very bad
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

E4 And in general would you say life in Djibouti today is better, worse or about the same as it was
five years ago for people like you?

1 Better
2 Worse
3 About the same
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

8
E5 And thinking to the future, in five years time would you say life in Djibouti will be better, worse,
or about the same for people like you?

1 Better
2 Worse
3 About the same
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

E6 I am now going to read some statements and for each pair please tell me which is closer to your
own view. Even if they are not an exact reflection of your view, which one are you closer to
agreeing with

ROTATE ALL STATEMENTS

A Which has more to do with why a person is rich here in Djibouti?

1 Because he or she has worked harder or

2 Because he or she had more advantages, such as money, help from family, favouritism
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

B Which has more to do with why a person is rich here in Djibouti?

1 Most people who want to get ahead can make it if they are willing to work hard
2 Hard work and determination are no guarantee of success for most people
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

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 Part 3: Ideology
ASK ALL
I1. How strongly do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements that others have
made? [READ OUT LOUD; ASK FOR EACH]

Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly DK REF

Agree Disagree
I1A In the case of a conflict between a Western 1 2 3 4 98 99
country and a Muslim country, we should
support the Muslim side, regardless of
situation or circumstance
I1B A call to armed jihad can only be legitimate if 1 2 3 4 98 99
sanctioned by the political leader in my
country
I1C Fighting for religion does NOT justify killing 1 2 3 4 98 99
civilians of any kind
I1D It is acceptable to use violence to bring all 1 2 3 4 98 99
Muslims together in a single state, under
one ruler

I2. I am now going to read out some groups and for each I would like to know whether or not you
consider each to be Muslim or non-Muslim? If you are unfamiliar with this group please just say
so.

ROTATE ORDER : CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW.

Never
Non- (Don’t
Muslim heard of (Refused)
Muslim know)
them
I2A Shia 1 2 3 98 99
I2B Sufi 1 2 3 98 99

I3. The French magazine Charlie Hebdo had a history of publishing controversial cartoons
depicting the Prophet Mohamed (PBUH). To avenge the Prophet (PBUH), in January 2015
two gunmen entered the offices and killed 12 people and injured 11.’ How much can you
justify each of the following as a response to this attack

Fully Somewhat Not justified DK REF

justified justified at all
I3A Not reporting it to the police the prior 1 2 3 98 99
knowledge of the attack
I3B Posting a positive supportive comment on 1 2 3 98 99
social media about the attack
I3C Giving financial support to the organizers 1 2 3 98 99
of the attack
I3D Giving physical support or actively 1 2 3 98 99
participating in the attack

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 I4. How strongly do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements, which may
represent other people’s opinion? [READ OUT LOUD; ASK FOR EACH]
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly DK REF
Agree Disagree
I4A One should support a close family 1 2 3 4 98 99
member’s or friend’s decision to join a
group that uses violence to defend Islam
I4B One should support a close family 1 2 3 4 98 99
member’s or friend’s decision to
financially support a group that uses
violence to defend Islam
I4C One should give money to a group that 1 2 3 4 98 99
uses violence to defend Islam

I5. And generally speaking, do you think the following organisations have a completely positive
influence, somewhat positive influence, neither positive nor negative, somewhat negative influence, or
completely negative influence on internal events and affairs in our country--or have you never heard of
them
Very Positi Nega Very Never DK RE
positive ve tive negativ heard F
e
I5A Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 1 2 3 4 97 – 98 99
Skip to
I8
I5B Eastern Front 1 2 3 4 97 - 98 99
Skip to
I8
I5C Liberation and Justice Movement 1 2 3 4 97 - 98 99
Skip to
I8
I5D Beja Congress 1 2 3 4 97 - 98 99
Skip to
I8

I6t. And would you say that the influence of the following organizations is increasing a lot, increasing
somewhat, decreasing somewhat or decreasing a lot?

Increasing Increasing Staying Decreasin Decreas DK R

a lot somewhat the same g ing a lot EF
somewhat
I6A Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 1 2 3 4 5 98 9
9
I6B Eastern Front 1 2 3 4 97 - 98 9
Skip to 9
I8
I6C Liberation and Justice Movement 1 2 3 4 97 - 98 9
Skip to 9
I8
I6D Beja Congress 1 2 3 4 97 - 98 9
11
 Skip to 9
I8

I7. In general, would you say that the appeal of the following organizations to people in your area is
increasing a lot, increasing somewhat, decreasing somewhat or decreasing a lot?

Increasing a Increasing Staying Decreasing Decreasing DK REF

lot somewhat the same somewhat a lot
I7A Islamic State of Iraq and Syria 1 2 3 4 5 98 99
(ISIS)
I7B Eastern Front 1 2 3 4 97 - 98 99
Skip to I8
I7C Liberation and Justice 1 2 3 4 97 - 98 99
Movement Skip to I8
I7D Beja Congress 1 2 3 4 97 - 98 99
Skip to I8

I8 What do you think is the main reason that individuals join extremist groups?
[DO NOT READ OUT LOUD; CODE ONE ONLY]

1 Religious or spiritual reasons

2 To help their community
3 To avenge the death of a loved one
4 To change people’s beliefs
5 To receive money or secure a job, because of a poor financial situation
6 To fight Western influence
7 To defend Muslims
8 Lack of choice/forced recruitment
9 Psychological/crazy/mental people
10 Ignorance / lack of education
11 Dissatisfaction with government
12 Manipulation by Western countries
13 Other (SPECIFY)
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

Part 4: Social
ASK ALL
S1 Overall, do you think having people of many different backgrounds, such as different ethnic
groups, religions and races, makes our country a better place to live or a worse place to live?

1 Better
2 Worse
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

S2 Please tell me which of the following comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right:
(ROTATE ORDER. READ OUT AND CODE ONE ONLY)

12
 1 Most members of my ethnicity/religion are discriminated against because of their
religious or cultural identity
2 Most members of my ethnicity/religion are able to live freely without fear of oppression
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

S3 Now let’s talk a little about values here and around the world. Please note that when I mention
the “West,” I am thinking of countries like Germany, the UK, France, and the United States.

S3A Please tell me which of the following comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly
right? (ROTATE OPTIONS)

1 It’s bad that WESTERN ideas and customs are spreading here
2 It’s good that WESTERN ideas and customs are spreading here
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

S3B Please tell me which of the following comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly
right? (ROTATE OPTIONS)

1 I would encourage my children to study in the West.

2 I would discourage my children from studying in the West.
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

S3C Please tell me how strongly you agree or disagree with the following statement: “It has become
clear that the West has a hatred for Islam”

1 Strongly agree
2 Agree
3 Disagree
4 Strongly disagree
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

S4 How strongly do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements?

Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly DK REF

Agree Disagree
S4A Preachers in the mosque should address 1 2 3 4 98 99
political issues and call for militant
activism based on how they see things.
S4B Preachers in the mosque should take 1 2 3 4 98 99
direction from the government about the
topics they want to address

S4C I am now going to read two statements. Please tell me which is closer to your own view. Even if
they are not an exact reflection of your view, which one are you closer to agreeing with

ROTATE ALL STATEMENTS

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 1 It is more important to follow the preaching in the mosque than government leaders on
social and political issues
2 People should listen to government leaders more often than religious leaders when it
comes to social and political issues
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

S5 And in the last year how many times have you interacted (done business together or had a
conversation with) a person of a different religion/ethnicity?

1 At least once a week

2 A few times a month
3 Only a few times a year
4 Rarely
5 Never
98 Don’t know (Do not read out)
99 Refused

S6 How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statements and how they may apply
to you and your life

Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly DK REF

Agree Disagree
S6A I am able to make an important difference 1 2 3 4 98 99
in society
S6B Compared to most other people I know, I 1 2 3 4 98 99
face more challenges and difficulties in my
life
S6C I am more religious than many people I 1 2 3 4 98 99
know
S6D I have done more things that disappoint my 1 2 3 4 98 99
family than most other people I know
S6E I deserve to be praised by members of my 1 2 3 4 98 99
community more than other people I know

S7. A few final questions - please tell me if you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly
disagree with each of them?

Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly (DK (REF)

Agree Disagree )

[S7a] People nowadays can criticize their 1 2 3 4 98 99

government without fear
[S7c] The government does a lot of 1 2 3 4 98 99
surveillance of the citizens’
communications, including phone
conversations

14
[S7d] One can get in trouble with the 1 2 3 4 98 99
government for expressing an
opinion in public

15
Part 5 : Demographics

Now just a few questions about yourself to ensure that we have a representative sample of opinion.

Gender. [Autocode from selected respondent]

1. Male
2. Female.

D2. What is your age? __________ [Autocode from selected respondent]

D4A Have you ever attended religious school?

1 Yes
2 No
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

D4B IF YES – for how many years? _________ number of years

D5a [ASK ALL] Which of the following best describes your employment status? [READ CHOICES]

1 Working full-time
2 Working part-time - ASK D5b
3 Housewife
4 Student
5 Retired
6 Disabled
7 Unemployed, seeking employment
8 Unemployed, not seeking employment
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

D5b ASK ONLY IF PART – TIME EMPLOYMENT AT D5

Would you prefer working full time if you had a choice or are you happy in part time
employment?
1 Prefer full time
2 Happy with part time
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

D5c ASK ONLY FOR THOSE CODE 7 at D5. How long do you realistically expect to have to wait before
you find employment?

1 Less than 6 months

2 Between 6 months and a year
3 Between 1 to 2 years
4 Three or more years
98 Don’t know
99 Refused
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D6 Ask if D5a = 1 or 2 Do you think that the skills, education and experience you have fit well with
your current employment?

1 Fit well
2 Somewhat fit
3 Does not fit well
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

D7 Which of the following do you consider the most important for giving you a sense of who you are
(identity) as a person? [Show card and read options]

1 My town/ locality/region
2 My sect (Shia/Sunni/Christian/Druze distinction)
3 My tribe
4 My job or occupation
5 My ethnicity (Arab/Kurd/Hausa/Pashto, etc.)
6 Being a citizen of NAME OF COUNTRY
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

QEDUSEN What is the highest level of school you have completed or the highest degree you have
received? (SHOW CARD) (Trend Spring 2015)

1 Illiterate
2 Primary – Basic Education
3 Secondary
4 Vocational
5 Tertiary
98 Don't know (DO NOT READ)
99 Refused (DO NOT READ)

QINC Here is a list of monthly incomes. Which of these does your household fall into counting all wages,
salaries, pensions and other incomes that come in? (SHOW CARD) (One answer only)

[INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: If the answer is vague, but includes a number, code

the income bracket which includes that number. If the respondent gives a range
different from the survey range, code the bracket of the highest number in the
respondent’s range.]

[INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: If respondent asks, we want gross or before-tax

income, not net or after-tax income.]

1 SGD 15,000 or less

2 SGD 15,000 to SGD 30,000
3 SGD 30,000 to SGD 40,000
4 SGD 40,000 or more
98 Don’t know (DO NOT READ)
99 Refused (DO NOT READ)

17
QPTY Which political party appeals to you most?

DO NOT READ

1 Democratic Unionist Party (DUP)

2 Muslim Brotherhood (MB)
3 National Congress Party (NCP)
4 National Umma Party (UP)
5 Popular Congress Party (PCP)
6 Reform Now Party (RNP)
7 Djibouti National Front
8 Djiboutiese Communist Party (SCP)
9 Djiboutiese Congress Party
10 Unionist Movement Party (UMP)
96 Other
97 None/No party
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

QPTYa If there were an election tomorrow, which party would you vote for?

DO NOT READ

1 Democratic Unionist Party (DUP)

2 Muslim Brotherhood (MB)
3 National Congress Party (NCP)
4 National Umma Party (UP)
5 Popular Congress Party (PCP)
6 Reform Now Party (RNP)
7 Djibouti National Front
8 Djiboutiese Communist Party (SCP)
9 Djiboutiese Congress Party
10 Unionist Movement Party (UMP)
96 Other
97 None/No party
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

18
QETH Which ethnic group do you belong to?

DO NOT READ

1 Arab
2 Beja
3 Copts
4 Dinka
5 Fur
6 Nuba
96 Other (SPECIFY)
98 Don’t know
99 Refused

IID. Interviewer ID (5 digits)

SID. Supervisor ID (4 digits)

The questions below are to be completed by the interviewer – do NOT read to the respondent, answer
from observation.

O1. In answering the question in this questionnaire, the respondent generally seemed to be:
Friendly 1
Hostile 2

O2. How often, if at all, did the respondent ask for clarification on any questions?

Never 1
Several times 2
Often 3
Very often 4
Don’t know 98

O3. How often, if at all, did you feel that the respondent was reluctant to answer any questions?

Never 1
Several times 2
Often 3
Very often 4
Don’t know 98

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