‘Berhi’ is one of the most important cultivars not only in Iraq, but in all regions interested in planting

date palm as a commercial crop. The influence of pollens sources with boric acid and potassium
sulphate (2 and 4 g) on fruit set and yield of ‘Berhi’ cultivar was estimated in the experiment. Results
indicated that addition of boron or potassium by mixing with pollens sources of Al-Ghannami Al-Akhdar
or Al-Khikri Al-Adi male clones significantly increased fruit set, fruit weight, a percentage of fruit
ripening, bunch weight and total yield and decreased fruit drop compared to both two treatments
control the cultivars. Also, application of 4 g boron with pollen of ‘Al- Ghannami Al-Akhdar’ cultivar
showed the greatest values of fruit traits. Our results revealed that mixture of boric acid or potassium
sulphate had a positive effect on improving date palm ’Berhi’ fruit set, yield and fruit quality and the
mixture should be introduced as new method for its sufficient pollination.(Shareef, 2016)

To improving fruits quality this work was done to utilize of the effective components of date palm pollen
grains as amino acids, hormones, macro and micro elements, proteins, carbohydrates and fatty acids,
thus date palm pollen grains extract as spraying was examined on the fruits of adult trees 10 years of
date palm cultivars Khalas and Sagae cvs date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from two successive seasons
under two different climate as Egypt and Saudi Arabia, two levels of date palm pollen grains extract 600
and 800 ppm as fruit set spraying at 10, 20, and 30 days after pollination. (Ghazzawy, 2018)

Control of pollination and fertilization in date palm is essential for the development of high-quality fruit.
Pollen is harvested from male trees and applied to inflorescences on female trees. An overly high rate of
fruit set may cause excessive fruit load, requiring expensive fruit thinning to prevent reduction in fruit
size and marketability. On the other hand, inefficient pollination results in lower yield. Non-fertilized
flowers may develop into parthenocarpic singlet or triplet fruit, which have no commercial value.
Environmental conditions affect fertilization and fruit development. (Slavković et al., 2016)

Pollen from four date palm cultivars (Medjool, Zahidi, Khadrawy, and Deglet Noor) was selected to study
the effect of pollenizers on Medjool female production and fruit characteristics. Three bunches of each
of the four selected female palms were pollinized by each source of pollen. Results were statistically
analyzed using the ANOVA test. Set percentage and fruit characteristics showed a significant effect
depending on the selected pollenizer. Bunches pollinized with the Zahidi cultivar had the highest fruit
set percentage at 50.30%, while bunches pollinized with the Khadrawy cultivar had the lowest set
percentage at 13.25%. However, bunches pollinized with Khadrawy had the highest total weight (25.73
g), the highest weight of pulp (23.98 g), and the highest length (5.33 cm). The lowest weight of fruit
(21.73 g), lowest pulp (20.39 g), and lowest fruit length (4.97 cm) was obtained from bunches pollinized
with the Zahidi cultivar. The highest total yield was obtained with Zahidi pollen at 64.55 kg, while the
lowest total yield, 41.79 kg, was obtained with Deglet Noor pollen. The best pollenizers for the Medjool
cultivar in terms of fruit set and quality characteristics are the Zahidi and Khadrawy varieties.
(SALOMON-TORRES et al., 2017)

Ghazzawy, H. (2018) ‘Improving quality of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits CVS. Khalas and Sagae
under different climate by spraying of date palm pollen grains extract’, International Journal of
Biosciences (IJB), 12(3), pp. 56–69. doi: 10.12692/ijb/12.3.56-69.

SALOMON-TORRES, R. et al. (2017) ‘Effect of pollenizers on production and fruit characteristics of date
palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivar Medjool in Mexico’, Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry,
41(November), pp. 338–347. doi: 10.3906/tar-1704-14.

Shareef, H. J. (2016) ‘Enhancing Fruit Set and Productivity in Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Berhi
Cultivar Using Boron and Potassium’, JECET Sec. A Sec. A, 55(22), pp. 108–114.

Slavković, F. et al. (2016) ‘Effects of applying variable temperature conditions around inflorescences on
fertilization and fruit set in date palms’, Scientia Horticulturae, 202, pp. 83–90. doi:
10.1016/j.scienta.2016.02.030.

Ghazzawy, H. (2018) ‘Improving quality of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits CVS. Khalas and Sagae
under different climate by spraying of date palm pollen grains extract’, International Journal of
Biosciences (IJB), 12(3), pp. 56–69. doi: 10.12692/ijb/12.3.56-69.

SALOMON-TORRES, R. et al. (2017) ‘Effect of pollenizers on production and fruit characteristics of date
palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivar Medjool in Mexico’, Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry,
41(November), pp. 338–347. doi: 10.3906/tar-1704-14.

Shareef, H. J. (2016) ‘Enhancing Fruit Set and Productivity in Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Berhi
Cultivar Using Boron and Potassium’, JECET Sec. A Sec. A, 55(22), pp. 108–114.

Slavković, F. et al. (2016) ‘Effects of applying variable temperature conditions around inflorescences on
fertilization and fruit set in date palms’, Scientia Horticulturae, 202, pp. 83–90. doi:
10.1016/j.scienta.2016.02.030.

Ghazzawy, H. (2018) ‘Improving quality of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits CVS. Khalas and Sagae
under different climate by spraying of date palm pollen grains extract’, International Journal of
Biosciences (IJB), 12(3), pp. 56–69. doi: 10.12692/ijb/12.3.56-69.

SALOMON-TORRES, R. et al. (2017) ‘Effect of pollenizers on production and fruit characteristics of date
palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivar Medjool in Mexico’, Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry,
41(November), pp. 338–347. doi: 10.3906/tar-1704-14.

Shareef, H. J. (2016) ‘Enhancing Fruit Set and Productivity in Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Berhi
Cultivar Using Boron and Potassium’, JECET Sec. A Sec. A, 55(22), pp. 108–114.

Slavković, F. et al. (2016) ‘Effects of applying variable temperature conditions around inflorescences on
fertilization and fruit set in date palms’, Scientia Horticulturae, 202, pp. 83–90. doi:
10.1016/j.scienta.2016.02.030.

Ghazzawy, H. (2018) ‘Improving quality of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits CVS. Khalas and Sagae
under different climate by spraying of date palm pollen grains extract’, International Journal of
Biosciences (IJB), 12(3), pp. 56–69. doi: 10.12692/ijb/12.3.56-69.

SALOMON-TORRES, R. et al. (2017) ‘Effect of pollenizers on production and fruit characteristics of date
palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivar Medjool in Mexico’, Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry,
41(November), pp. 338–347. doi: 10.3906/tar-1704-14.
Shareef, H. J. (2016) ‘Enhancing Fruit Set and Productivity in Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Berhi
Cultivar Using Boron and Potassium’, JECET Sec. A Sec. A, 55(22), pp. 108–114.

Slavković, F. et al. (2016) ‘Effects of applying variable temperature conditions around inflorescences on
fertilization and fruit set in date palms’, Scientia Horticulturae, 202, pp. 83–90. doi:
10.1016/j.scienta.2016.02.030.

Ghazzawy, H. (2018) ‘Improving quality of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits CVS. Khalas and Sagae
under different climate by spraying of date palm pollen grains extract’, International Journal of
Biosciences (IJB), 12(3), pp. 56–69. doi: 10.12692/ijb/12.3.56-69.

SALOMON-TORRES, R. et al. (2017) ‘Effect of pollenizers on production and fruit characteristics of date
palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivar Medjool in Mexico’, Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry,
41(November), pp. 338–347. doi: 10.3906/tar-1704-14.

Shareef, H. J. (2016) ‘Enhancing Fruit Set and Productivity in Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Berhi
Cultivar Using Boron and Potassium’, JECET Sec. A Sec. A, 55(22), pp. 108–114.

Slavković, F. et al. (2016) ‘Effects of applying variable temperature conditions around inflorescences on
fertilization and fruit set in date palms’, Scientia Horticulturae, 202, pp. 83–90. doi:
10.1016/j.scienta.2016.02.030.