DTS-102

Rev. 0

PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS

DIQUIMA TECHNICAL STANDARD

PROCESS DESIGN PROJET

2011-02-28

Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Medio Ambiente

Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Contents

1 General 1

1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 Drawing size and symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.3 Numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 Equipment 2

2.1 Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.2 Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.3 Fired Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.4 Exchangers, Condensers, Coolers and Reboilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.5 Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.6 Compressors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3 Piping 3

4 Instrumentation 4

5 Utility flow diagrams 4

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 PROCESS DESIGN PROJECT DTS-102
Rev. By Date
DIQUIMA TECHNICAL STANDARD
0 SGC 11/02/28

PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS

1. General

The Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID), sometimes called Mechanical Flow Diagram, is a
symbolic representation including all the equipment, piping and instrumentation of a plant.

P&IDs are schematic representations: neither do have a drawing scale nor sizes or position of
equipment correspond to their physical counterparts. Pipelines are all single lines regardless of
their diameter.

Nevertheless, flow tend to be from left to right and from top to bottom, and equipment tend to
appear in a relative position similar to the actual: pumps in the bottom, air coolers on top, etc.
Also, equipment are depicted in greater detail than on PFDs resembling their actual appearance.
For some of them, as vessels, it is recommended to maintain a sense of proportion with regard to
relative sizes.

P&IDs do not show operating conditions, compositions or flows.

1.1. Scope

The data shown pertain to the battery limit boundary or interconnecting flange, and not to a more
remote point.

1.2. Drawing size and symbols

A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram should be drawn on A1 size paper and, when necessary,
the drawing shall be split into several sheets.

The symbols, outline frame, title block and revisions block shall be drawn according to drawing
standard DTS-200. Instrumentation symbols are in accordance with ANSI/ISA-S5.1-1984 (R1992)
Instrumentation Symbols and Identification.

1.3. Numbering

Numbering of equipment, lines and instrumentation will follow DTS-100.

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2. Equipment

The item number shall be written in or adjacent to every equipment shown in the diagram. All
the duplicate pieces of equipment, i.e. twin or decomposed in several units, like spare pumps and
heat exchangers with more than one shell, are shown identified by their item number including the
letter or subnumber.

Approximately above each equipment item at top of the diagram or for all in a table in the bottom,
the following data will be included:

1. Item Number, (underlined if not in a table).

2. Title.

3. For some equipment, a data section with at least the information indicated in the following
subsections.

4. Design pressure and temperature.

5. Material.

In general, equipment should be represented as in their data sheet, with all the nozzles.

Equipment elevations shall be shown where these are important for process reasons.

2.1. Columns

Trays are numbered from top to bottom. The only trays shown are those at top and bottom and
those which locate process lines and/or instruments.

Catalyst beds, packed sections, demister sections, etc, are shown, numbering (inside the column)
every section from top to bottom.

The additional data for columns to be included in the data section are inside diameter and tangent
to tangent height (mm).

2.2. Vessels

Relevant internals or water boots shall be shown.

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Vessels and tanks shall include inside diameter and tangent to tangent length (mm) in the data
section. Also the thickness of the insulation, if any.

2.3. Fired Heaters

Duty (MW) is shown in the data section.

2.4. Exchangers, Condensers, Coolers and Reboilers

Area, type, duty (MW) and the thickness of the insulation, are shown in the data section. Informa-
tion for every side (eg., shell and tube) is provided in the design pressure, design temperature and
material rows.

2.5. Pumps

Actual calculated flow (m3 /h), not design, differential pressure, density of the fluid at pumping
temperature and insulation are shown in the data section. Metering pumps in L/min.

2.6. Compressors

Flow (m3 /h) and power (kW) are shown in the data section.

3. Piping

Identification numbers are shown above the line.

The origin and terminus of each feed and product line entering or leaving the P&ID is identified by
a box arrow near the bounds of the drawing which shows inside its origin or terminus item in the
first line and the corresponding drawing number in the second line. This is valid for all utility lines,
which have origin or terminus in a utility flow diagram.

All lines crossing battery limits shall be clearly marked, using a box arrow near the bounds of the
diagram.

Slope symbols over the lines shall be included where these are important for process reasons.

Steam or electric tracing for pipes is shown.

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Reduction in line size is indicated only by line size designation. Reducer symbols are shown only
when required for clarity.

High point vents and low point drains connected to a closed system, represented by a small box
with identification letters close to the equipment, are shown with a line without numbering.

4. Instrumentation

All instruments, control and relief valves, restriction orifices, level gauges, sample points, etc. shall
be shown.

Controllers, alarms, interlocks and their connections should be represented as completely as

possible.

Valves should be labeled to show if they are to be operated intermittently.

5. Utility flow diagrams

Utility flow diagrams are a special type of P&IDs where the pipeline network of a commodity
(steam, water, air, fuel oil or gas, etc.) in a process area, from headers to equipment, are represented.
In these diagrams the symbols for the equipment are rectangular blocks with the IDs written inside.

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