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Workshop
This model illustrates the application of the pressure relief unit operation on a
column.
Under normal operating conditions the overhead from the DePropanizer column is
condensed in an Air Cooler, collected in an Accumulator and pumped back to the
column (full reflux). The normal operating pressure on the Column Top tray and the
Accumulator are 2000 kPa (290 psia) and 1900 kPa (275 psia) respectively.
A Pressure Relief Valve for the Column will be added and configured to start
opening when the Top stage pressure reaches 2205 kPa (320 psia) and fully open at
2275 kPa (330 psia).
Learning Objectives
After completing this section, you will be able to install a relief valve.
2
Column Pressure Relief 3
3
4 Column Pressure Relief
This module continues with the case that was constructed in the previous module.
In this example, install a Relief Valve off the DePropanizer Column Overhead.
Relief Valve Icon
1. Open the case from Module 7.
3. On the Dynamics tab, Specs page of stream ToFlare, activate the Pressure
Specification. The pressure of this stream should be atmospheric.
4. The Relief Valve requires a value for the Orifice Area to initialize. Go to the
Sizing page of the Relief Valve Ratings tab and enter 1300 mm2 (2 in2).
Make sure that your
Pressure Flow
Specifications are correct. 5. Check the Dynamic Assistant to ensure that all necessary information is
supplied.
4
Column Pressure Relief 5
The easiest way to create an overpressure situation is to close the Propane Valve.
This will cause a build up of propane in the system and the pressure will rise.
1. On the FacePlate for the Accumulator-PC change the mode to Man and set the
OP to 0%. This immediately closes the valve.
2. Make sure that the Accumulator Pressure is shown on the active strip chart. You
will want to monitor this variable as the simulation progresses.
3. Watch the Accumulator Pressure rise sharply and the relief valve open. The
relief valve is shown as open on the PFD when a yellow outline appears around
it.
Is the Relief Valve big enough to maintain the column pressure at the set relief pressure? Is
it able to prevent the pressure from rising above the full open pressure?
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Return the Accumulator-PC to Auto and set the SP to 2000 kPa (290 psia).
How long does it take for the system to run to its original operating condition?
____________________________________________________________________________
5
6 Column Pressure Relief
P 1 – PO PE N
L = --------------------------------------
-
P FULL – P OPE N
P1 – P RESE A T
L = -----------------------------------------
-
P CLOSE – PO PE N
6
Column Pressure Relief 7
K
-------------
P
2 2 K –1 (1)
------ ≥ -------------
P K+1
1
For Choked vapour flow, the mass flowrate is given by the following relationship:
1
K + 1 ---
------------- 2
P1 K 2 K–1
W = AKL KD K B ----------- ------------- (2)
V1 K + 1
7
8 Column Pressure Relief
1
⎛ 2
----
K+1
------------- ⎞ --
2
-
⎜P ⎛ P ⎞ K ⎛ P2⎞ K ⎟
1 2K 2
W = AK L K D ⎜ ------ ⎛⎝ -------------⎞⎠ ⎜ ------⎟ – ⎜ ------⎟ ⎟ (3)
⎜V K – 1 ⎝P ⎠ ⎝ P1⎠ ⎟
⎜ 1 1 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
1
---
2 (4)
W = AK K K [ 2 ( P – P )ρ ]
L D V 1 2 1
2
L
K = ------------------------------------------------
L 4 1⁄2 (5)
[ a + ( 1 – a )L ]
8
Column Pressure Relief 9
2
L (6)
K = ------------------------------------------------
L 2 1⁄2
[ a + ( 1 – a )L ]
where:
The valve head differential term allows for customizing of the flow characteristics
with respect to stem travel. Its value can range between 0 and 1.
9
10 Column Pressure Relief
10