A.

Critical appraisal
1. Judul
The Impact of Kangaroo Care on Premature Infant Weight Gain
2. Tujuan/ masalah
The purpose of this literature reviewis to provide the most recent research
evidence about the impact of kangaroo care on premature infant weight gain in
order to educate nurses about its efficacy among preterm infants.
3. Metode
Study Selection Research
4. Design penelitian
Meta Analysis Review
5. Rekrutment subjek penelitian (kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi)
a. Inklusi
A publication date within the past five years, were written in the English
language, and were either a systematic review, randomized controlled
trial or a non-randomized controlled trial. Furthermore, retrieved studies
that focused on neonatal outcomes examining premature infantweight
gain
b. Eksklusi
Examining premature infantweight gain
6. Jumlah
9 studies
7. Intervensi (prosedur dan dosis)
Give Kangaroo Care, The duration of the kangaroo care periods ranged from at
least one hour per day to continuous intervals of skin to skin contact lasting the
entire day. Participating mothers were advised to perform intermittent periods
of kangaroo care for at least 8 h each day.
8. Parameter/ instrument
Electronic weigher
9. Hasil/ diskusi
Among the nine reviewed studies including a systematic review,
randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized controlled trials, kangaroo care
was associated with improved weight gain or reduced body weight loss among
premature infants, with the exception of the study by Ghavane et al. (2012).
 Based on the findings of these reviewed studies, kangaroo care is
recommended for hospitalized premature infants without any serious health
problems. The effect of kangaroo care on theweight gain and development of
critically ill premature infants should be investigated in subsequent research
pursuits. Since most studies were conducted internationally, further research
iswarranted to determine if these findings can be replicated within the United
States
10. Kesimpulan
Kangaroo care is a practical intervention that promotes greater preterm
infant weight gain since premature infants tend to deplete fewer calories while
they are closely contained by their mothers (Dodd, 2005). Since all U.S.
facilities have not adopted kangaroo care practices, nurses can be instrumental
in overcoming the aforementioned barriers and fostering greater support for the
implementation of this low-tech low-cost intervention to improve the outcomes
of hospitalized premature infants.
Given that the reviewed studies excluded premature infants with medical
complications, respiratory problems as well as those neonates needing
intubation, subsequent research efforts should be focused on the effect of
kangaroo care among critically ill infantswho are ventilated or require extensive
respiratory support and oxygenation. In addition, further studies should be
conducted in the United States to expand the body of knowledge about
kangaroo care practices among premature infants.
B. Level of evidence
1A
C. Latar belakang
Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) adalah bayi yang baru lahir dengan berat badan <
2500 gram. BBLR merupakan salah satu indikator untuk melihat bagaimana status
kesehatan anak, sehingga sangat berperan penting untuk memantau bagaimana status
kesehatan anak sejak dilahirkan, apakah anak tersebut status kesehatannya baik
atau tidak. BBLR menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat karena merupakan salah satu
penyebab tingginya angka kematian bayi (AKB).
Bayi dengan berat lahir rendah merupakan salah satu akibat dari ibu hamil
yang menderita kurang energi kronis sehingga akan berdampak kepada anaknya.
Dampak yang dialami anak tidak hanya jangka pendek seperti ikterus atau gangguan
 pernafasan, namun akan berdampak jangka panjang baik pada psikis maupun fisik anak
seperti ganngguan perkembangan, gangguan bicara dan komunikasi, gangguan belajar,
kelainan bawaan dan sebagainya.
WHO melaporkan, bayi dengan berat lahir rendah berkonstribusi sebanyak 60
hingga 80% dari seluruh kematian neonatus dan memiliki risiko kematian 20 kali lebih
besar dari bayi dengan berat normal. Berdasarkan data WHO dan UNICEF, pada tahun
2013 sekitar 22 juta bayi dilahirkan di dunia, dimana 16% diantaranya lahir dengan
berat badan lahir rendah. Adapun persentase BBLR di negara berkembang adalah 16,5
% dua kali lebih besar dari pada negara maju (7%). Indonesia adalah salah satu negara
berkembang yang menempati urutan ketiga sebagai negara dengan prevalensi BBLR
tertinggi (11,1%), setelah India (27,6%) dan Afrika Selatan (13,2%). Selain itu,
Indonesia turut menjadi negara ke dua dengan prevalensi BBLR tertinggi diantara
negara ASEAN lainnya, setelah Filipina (21,2%).

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