2 INI ee ema IY Clearly mie ieee 100) Second Edition en tc ee ee rer na oe ec er eee design, development, and fulure analysis of components, structures, and vehicles eects Ren ee eee ee etree original while bringing i up to date with the latest developments in the fel. ee eee seen ete ee eee ee eet ee Renee eee eee eee eee eee eee eer | Beeterta esa cone nesta tiene mre vorked examples and hundreds of problems, references, and figures as well 5 | hapter summaries and “design do’ and dons” sections to help speed and rein- | eee ‘The Second Edition contains « vast amount of new information, including Pen eee een eae ee eee ee et eee er eer eerie Nonproportional loading and critical plane approaches for Scent tt ee ee etd td PYeo Tease or A eae eo cece ee Paeee Cen e ear va issn steer cme! Manufacturing Engineering at The University of Toledo in Ohio. ROBERT R. [STEPHENS is Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at The University Ren een US aN ee er eee fessor Emeritus, at Seanford University in Palo Alto, California Ralph |. Stephens Ali Fatemi Robert R. Stephe Henry OQ FuchsMETAL FATIGUE IN ENGINEERING Second Edition RALPH I, STEPHENS, Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department ‘The University of lowa ALI FATEMI Professor, Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering Department The University of Toledo ROBERT R. STEPHENS Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department The University of Idaho HENRY O. FUCHS Formerly Emeritus Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Stanford University ‘A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York / Chichester / Weinheim / Brisbane / Singapore / TorontoWe hope this book wil be wed in making decisions about the design and operation of ‘machines and structures. We have tied to sate the facts and opinions correctly leary. and vith their limitations. Bu Because of uncertainties inherent in the material andthe posblity ‘¢erors we cannot assume any laity. We uge the readers to spend effort in tests in ‘erication commensurate wih the risks they wil assume ‘his book is printed on acd-tee paper. @ Copyright © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, In, All ights reserved, Published simultaneously in Canad ‘No pat ofthis publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transite in ‘any frm or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying recording, scanning or ‘otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 ofthe 1976 United States Copyright ‘Act, without either the prior writen peemission of the Publisher, or authorization through Dyment ofthe appropriate per-copy fe t the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (07850-8400, fax (97850-4744, Requests tothe Publisher for permission shold be addressed tothe Permissions Deparment, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 60 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, 212)80-601, fax 212}850-608, E-Mail: PERMREQ@WILEY.COM. ‘This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoistive information in regard to the Subjeet matter covered Is sol wit the understanding thatthe publisher isnot engaged in ‘enderng protesional serves. If profesional advice oF other expert assistance is required, ‘he services ofa competent professional person should be sought Library of Congress Cataloging-n-Publiction Data: ‘Metal fatigue in engincering /by Ralph I. Stephens... et al] —2nd ed Pm, Rev. ed. of Meta fatigue in engineering / H.O, Fuchs, RU. Stephens, e1980 “A Wily-Intescence publication.” Includes biographical references ISBN 0471510599 (doh al, papes) 1, Metals—Ftigu. 1 Stephens, RI (Ralph Ian) 1 1907—Metal fatigue in engncering. ‘Tadeo.§64s7 2000 i sxn1"66-—4e21 Printed in the Unitod States of America, Ces wos76saaa Dedication We sincerely appreciate the exceptional understanding our wives, Barbara, Shirin, and Marci, gave us while we wrote, along with our children Lili, Sarah, and Joelle, who sometimes did not get the attention they deserved. We thank aur colleagues on the SAE Fatigue Design ‘and Evaluation (SAEFDE) Committee and the ASTM Committee E-08 ‘on Fatigue and Fracture for many years of fruitful exchange of fatigue information,