——a—— ayam ‘this; that’ (20)

a-, an- (prefix) ‘un-, in-, non-, -less’ (14) ari- (adj.) ‘hostile’; (m.) ‘enemy’ (26)
akīrti- (f.) ‘shame, disgrace’ (31) √arc/ṛc (I arcati) ‘to shine; to praise’ (28)
agni- (m.) ‘fire’ (26) Arjuna- (m.) principal character in the
aṅga- (n.) ‘limb’ (14) Mahābhārata
acakṣus- (adj.) ‘blind’ (24) artha- (m.) ‘purpose, aim, object’ (14)
acirāt (indc.) ‘soon’ (27) arthe ‘for the purpose/sake of’ (14)
añjali- (m.) ‘gesture of reverence (placing √arh (I arhati) ‘to be required to do; to be able
one’s hands together)’ (34) to; one should, ought’ (+ Inf) (8)
ataḥ (indc.) ‘from this (place/time/reason)’ arha- (adj.) ‘proper, appropriate for’ (+
(23) Gen); ‘required, obliged to’ (+
ati- (preverb) ‘across, over, beyond’ Inf)
(10); prefix in nominal alam (indc.) ‘enough of; no more…’ (+ Instr)
compounds: ‘very, exceedingly’ (24)
(14) alpa- (adj.) ‘small’ (16)
atra (indc.) ‘here; now’ (3, 23) ava- (preverb) ‘down, off’ (10)
atha (indc.) ‘then; and’ (23, 30) aśru- (n.) ‘tear’ (as in ‘crying’) (26)
√ad (II atti) ‘to eat’ (ta-Ptc anna-) (34) aśva- (m.) ‘horse’ (5)
adas- –› asau/adas- aṣṭa-I (num.) ‘eight’ (37)
adya (indc.) ‘today’ (7) √as (II asti) ‘to be’ (19)
adhi- (preverb) ‘above, over, on, on to’ (10) asura- (m.) ‘demon’ (36)
adhipati- (m.) ‘king’ (34) asau/adas- ‘that’ (39)
adhunā (indc.) ‘now’ (27) (pron.)
anila- (m.) ‘wind’ (36) asveda- (adj.) ‘without sweat’ (a characteristic
anu- (preverb) ‘after, along, toward’ (10) of the gods) (30)
anta- (m.) ‘end; death’ (14) aham (pron.) ‘I’ (Nom Sg) (8, 32)
antaka- (m.) ‘death’ (–› anta-) (30) ahi- (m.) ‘snake’ (33)
antar (preverb) ‘between, among, within’ (10) ——ā——
antarikṣaga- ‘bird’ (34) ā- (preverb) ‘to, hither’ (10)
(m.) ācārya- (m.) ‘teacher’ (31)
antima- (adj.) ‘final, last’ (–› anta-) (30) ātman- (m.) ‘soul, self’; ‘oneself’ (used as
anna- (n.) ‘food’ (15) reflexive pronoun) (29)
anya- (pron.) ‘(an)other’ (22) ādi- (m.) ‘beginning’ (33)
anyonyam ‘one another, mutually’ (25) āditya- (m.) ‘sun’ (34)
(indc.) √āp (V āpnoti) ‘to get, reach’ (18)
apa- (preverb) ‘away, off’ (10) pra-√āp ‘to get, reach’ (18)
api (indc.) at beginning of sentence: marks āpad- (f.) ‘misfortune, accident’ (15)
sentence as a yes/no question āśā- (f.) ‘hope; desire, wish’ (9)
(3); (postposed) ‘even, also’ āśu- (adj.) ‘swift’ (33)
(12); turns question pronoun āśrama- (m.) ‘hermitage’ (–› ashram) (16)
into an indefinite (23) √ās (II āste) ‘to sit’ (21)
api- (preverb) ‘onto, close to’ (10) āsana- (n.) ‘seat; sitting’ (38)
a-praja- (adj.) ‘childless’ (34) āsīna- Pres Mid Ptc of √ās
apsaras- (f.) ‘heavenly nymph’ (36) ——i——
abhi- (preverb) ‘to, against’ (10) √i (II eti) ‘to go’ (18)
amara- (adj.) ‘immortal’; (m.) ‘god’ (9) icchati –› √iṣ (3)

1
itaḥ (indc.) ‘from this (time/space/reason); etad- (pron.) stem form of eṣa- used in
now’ (23) compounds (22)
iti (indc.) marks the end of a clause, eva (indc.) ‘alone, only, just’ (postposed;
quotation or thought (6) emphasises what precedes) (5)
idam –› ayam evam (indc.) ‘thus, so’ (5)
indriya- (n.) ‘sense; desire’ (38) eṣa-/etad- ‘this, that’ (22)
imam, ime –› ayam (pron.)
iyam –› ayam ——o——
iva (indc.) ‘as, like’ (postponed, used in ojas- (n.) ‘power, strength’ (24)
comparisons) (5) ——k——
√iṣ (VI irreg. ‘to want, wish’ (ta-Ptc iṣṭa-) (7) ka- question pronoun: ‘who?
icchati) what?’ (22)
iṣu- (m.) ‘arrow’ (26) katara- ‘which (of two)?’ (22)
iha (indc.) ‘here’ (5) √kath (X ‘to tell, talk about’ (7)
——ī—— kathayati)
√īkṣ (I īkṣate) ‘to see’ (21) katham (indc.) ‘how?’ (7)
īdṛśa-, -ī (adj.) ‘such’ (40) kathā- (f.) ‘story’ (9)
īśa- (m.) ‘lord, master’ (36) kad- (pron.) stem form of ka- used in
īśvara- (m.) ‘master, lord’ (6) compounds (22)
——u—— kadā (indc.) ‘when?’ (21)
ukta- ta-PTC of √vac ‘to say’: ‘having kanyā- (f.) ‘girl; daughter’ (9)
been said/spoken √kam (X ‘to love’ (28)
to/addressed’ (8) kāmayati)
uktvā ABS of √vac ‘to say’: ‘having √kamp (I ‘to tremble’ (38)
said’ (8) kampati)
ugra- (adj.) ‘fierce, terrible’ (9) -kara- (at end of cpd.) ‘making,
uttama- (pron. ‘highest’ (lit. ‘up-most’) (22) causing; one who makes’ (15)
adj.) karoti ‘he does’ (3)
uttara- (pron. ‘later; superior, higher’ (22) karman- (n.) ‘doing, action’ (29)
adj.) kavi- (adj.) ‘wise’; (m.) ‘sage, seer,
ud- (preverb) ‘up, out’ (10) poet’ (26)
udaka- (n.) ‘water’ (15) √kāṅkṣ (I ‘to long for, to wait for’ (39)
upa- (preverb) ‘to, toward’ (10) kāṅkṣati,
ubha- (adj.) ‘both’ (only in dual) (8) -te)
uvāca Perf of √वच् kāma- (m.) ‘love, desire, wish’ (17)
uṣas- (f.) ‘dawn’ (24) kāla- (m.) ‘(the right) time’ (12)
——ṛ—— kim ‘what? why?’ (NomAcc Sg Ntr
√ṛc/arc (I ‘to shine; praise’ (28) of ka-) used at beg. of sentence
arcati) to indicate a yes/no question
ṛṣabha- (m.) ‘bull’ (36) (3, 20)
ṛṣi- (m.) ‘seer; poet’ (26) kīrti- (f.) ‘fame, good reputation’ (31)
——e—— kutaḥ (indc.) ‘from which (time/place/
eka- (pron. adj.) ‘one, single; only’; Pl: ‘ones, reason)’ –› ‘why?’,
some’ (22) ‘wherefrom’ (23)
ekadā (indc.) ‘once, at one time’ (23) kutra (indc.) ‘where?’ (23)
√kup (IV kupyati) ‘to be angry’ (17)

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kumāra- (m.) ‘young man; prince’ (8) ——g——
kula- (n.) ‘family’ (8) -ga- (at end of cpd.) ‘going, one who
kuśala- (adj.) ‘able, clever’ (34) goes’ (15)
√kṛ (V karoti) ‘to do, make’ (19) gacchati ‘he goes’ (–› √gam) (3)
alam-√kṛ ‘to decorate, adorn’ (19) gaja- (m.) ‘elephant’ (24)
√kṛt (VI kṛntati, - ‘to cut’ (35) gaṇa- (m.) ‘group (of any kind): flock,
te; I kartati) crowd, troop’ (15)
-kṛt- (at end of cpd.) ‘making, gata- ta-Ptc of √gam: ‘having gone’
causing; one who makes’ (15) (8)
kṛta- ta-Ptc of √kṛ ‘to do, make’: gati- (f.) ‘gait, walk; path’ (–› √gam) (36)
‘having been done/made’ gatvā, -gamya absolutive of √gam
kṛtāñjali- (adj.) ‘putting one’s hands together’ √gam (I irreg. ‘to go’ (7)
(lit. bahuvrīhi ‘whose añjali is gacchati)
made’) (34) ava-√gam ‘to understand’ (10)
kṛtvā absolutive of √kṛ ‘to do, make’ garīyas- (comp. ‘heavier; more valuable’ (35)
(8) adj.)
kṛtsna- (adj.) ‘whole, entire, all’ (14) √gā/gai (IV ‘to sing’ (ta-Ptc gīta-) (30)
√kḷp (I kalpate) ‘to be suitable, ready’ (‘for’: + gāyate)
Loc or Dat) (31) giri- (m.) ‘mountain’ (26)
keśa- (m.) ‘hair; mane’ (16) guṇa- (m.) ‘(good) quality, virtue’ (6)
kopa- (m.) ‘anger’ (17) guṇavat- (adj.) ‘having (good) qualities, noble’
kovida- (adj.) ‘skilled, knowledgeable’ (34) (25)
√kram (I kramati, ‘to walk, stride’ (25) guru- (adj.) ‘heavy; important’; (m.)
-te, krāmati, -te) ‘teacher’ (26)
√krudh (IV ‘to be angry’ (17) gṛha- (m./n.) ‘house’ (5)
krudhyati) √grah (IX ‘to seize, take’ (19)
krodha- (m.) ‘anger’ (17) gṛhṇāti)
kva (indc.) ‘where?’ (7) grāma- (m.) ‘village’ (5)
kṣaṇa- (m.) ‘moment’ (12) ——gh——
kṣaṇena, kṣaṇāt ‘immediately, instantly’ (–› ghora- (adj.) ‘horrible’ (38)
kṣaṇa-) (12) -ghna- (at end of cpd.) ‘killing; one
kṣatriya- (m.) ‘warrior’ (5) who kills’ (29)
√kṣam (I kṣamate, ‘to endure; forgive; be patient’ ——c——
-ti) (30) ca (indc.) ‘and’ (postposed) (3)
kṣaya- (m.) ‘loss, destruction’; ‘dwelling’ ca … ca ‘both… and’ (postposed) (12)
(25) cakṣus- (n.) ‘eye’ (24)
√kṣi (I kṣayati) ‘to destroy’ (25) catur- (num.) ‘four’ (37)
√kṣi (II kṣeti, IV ‘to dwell, live in’ (25) cana (indc.) turns question pronoun into
kṣiyati) indefinite (23)
√kṣip (VI kṣipati) ‘to throw’ (4) candra- (m.) ‘moon’ (14)
kṣudra- (adj.) ‘mean, vile’ (15) camū- (f.) ‘army’ (13)
kṣetra- (n.) ‘field’ (5) √car (I carati) ‘to move’ (25)
——kh—— √cal (I calati) ‘to move, stir’ (25)
√khād (I khādati) ‘to eat’ (30) cāpa- (m.) ‘bow’ (the weapon) (16)
cit (indc.) turns question pronoun into
indefinite (23)

3
√cint (X ‘to think; to worry about’ (7) tapas- (n.) ‘heat’; figuratively: ‘spiritual
cintayati) suffering, asceticism’ (–› √tap)
cintā- (f.) ‘care, worry’ (9) (24)
cira- (adj.) ‘long’ (27) tarhi (indc.) ‘then’ (23)
ciram (indc.) ‘for a long time’ (27) tava (pron.) ‘of you, your’ (Gen Sg) (8)
√cur (X corayati) ‘to steal’ (7) tasmāt (indc.) ‘thus, therefore’ (36)
cetas- (n.) ‘intellect, thought’ (24) tāvat ‘so long’ (23)
——ch—— tiṣṭha- Pres stem of √sthā
chāyā- (f.) ‘shadow’ (9) tīra- (n.) ‘bank, shore’ (16)
√chid (VII ‘to cut, cut off’ (19); past ptc. tu (indc.) ‘but’ (postposed) (3)
chinatti) chinna- (–› Chapter 34 on √tuṣ (IV tuṣyati, ‘to enjoy, be pleased with’
form) -te) (+ Instr or other cases) (8)
——j—— √tṝ (I tarati) ‘to cross, to traverse’ (10) past
-ja- (at end of cpd.) ‘born, one who PTC tīrṇa- (–› Chapter 34 on
is born (of)’ (21) form)
jagat- (n.) ‘world’ (15) ava-√tṝ ‘to descend’ (10)
√jan (IV jāyate, - (trans.) ‘to give birth’, te 1) NomVocAcc Du Fem/Ntr
ti) (intrans.) ‘be born’ (21) and Nom Masc Pl of sa- (20)
jana- (m.) ‘person’; pl.: ‘people’ (6) 2) DatGen Sg of tvam ‘you’ –›
jarā- (f.) ‘old age’ (9) ‘to/for/of /by you’ (21)
jala- (m.) ‘water’ (33) tejas- (n.) ‘splendour; majesty; power’ (24)
jāya- –› √jan tejasvin- (adj.) ‘having tejas: splendid, brilliant’
√ji (I jayati) ‘to win, conquer’ (7) (29)
jitendriya- ‘in control of one’s senses’ (a √tyaj (I tyajati) ‘to leave behind, abandon’ (7)
goal of yoga) (38) √trā (IV trāyate; ‘to rescue, protect’ (36)
√jīv (I jīvati) ‘to live, be alive’ (8) II trāti)
jīvita- (n.) ‘life’ (17) tri- (num.) ‘three’ (37)
-jña- at end of cpd.: ‘knowing, one tvad- (pron.) ‘you’ (32)
who knows’ (25) tvam (pron.) ‘you’ (Nom Sg) (32)
√jñā (IX jānāti) ‘to know, recognise’ (19) tvām (pron.) ‘you’ (Acc Sg) (14)
jñāna- (n.) ‘knowledge, wisdom’ (6) ——d——
——t—— dagdha-, dagdhvā ta-PTC and ABS of –› √dah ‘to
tataḥ (indc.) ‘from that’ –› ‘then, therefore’ burn’
(23) daṇḍa- (m.) ‘stick’ (30)
tattva- (n.) ‘truth’ (lit. ‘that-ness’) (17) daṇḍin- (m.) ‘guard’ (lit. ‘having a stick’)
tattvataḥ (indc.) ‘truly, in truth’ (17) (30)
tatra (indc.) ‘there; then’ (3, 23) darśana- (n.) ‘sight, view’ (17)
tathā (indc.) ‘so; thus, in that way; and’ (12, √dah (I dahati) ‘to burn’ (8)
23) √dā (III dadāti) ‘to give’ (‘to’ + Dat, Gen or
tad- (pron.) ‘he, she, it; this’ (20) Loc) (19)
tadā (indc.) ‘then’ (23) dāna- (n.) ‘gift’ (12)
√tan (VIII ‘to stretch’ (18) dāsa- (m.) ‘slave, servant’ (4o)
tanoti) dāsī- (f.) ‘female servant’ (13)
√tap (I tapati, - ‘to heat; be hot, suffer; practise daśa- (num.) ‘ten’ (37)
te; IV tapyati, - religious austerities’ (24) √diś (VI diśati) ‘to show, point out’ (36)
te) diś- (f.) ‘direction; region’ (16)

4
√dīp (IV dīpyate, - ‘to shine’ (34) √nam (I namati) ‘to bow to (+ DAT or ACC);
ti) to bend’ (7)
duḥkha- (adj.) ‘unhappy’; (n.) ‘sorrow, namas- (n.) ‘respect; adoration;
misery’ (6) ‘obeisance’ (–› √nam) (24)
dus- (prefix) ‘bad’ (sandhi duḥ-, duṣ-, dur- namas √kṛ ‘to pay homage to; to greet’
) (14) (24)
duhitṛ- (f.) ‘daughter’ (29) nara- (m.) ‘man’ (5)
dūta- (m.) ‘messenger’ (6) naraka- (m.) ‘hell’ (30)
dūram (indc.) ‘far away, long ago’ (31) nava- (num.) ‘nine’ (37)
√dṛś (IV irreg. ‘to see’ (4) √naś (IV naśyati) ‘to perish, be destroyed’ (8)
paśyati) nāman- (n.) ‘name’ (29)
dṛṣṭi- (f.) ‘sight; look, glance’ (26) nāma (indc.) ‘called…; supposedly, in
deva- (m.) ‘god; lord’ (5) name’ (postposed)
devī- (f.) ‘goddess; lady’ (13) nārī- (f.) ‘woman’ (13)
deśa- (m.) ‘place, region’ (16) ni- (preverb) ‘down, into’ (10)
deha- (m., n.) ‘body’ (16) nityam (indc.) ‘always, eternally’ (16)
doṣa- (m.) ‘fault, harm; (in religious nidhana- (n.) ‘end; death’ (14)
sense:) sin’ (30) √nind (I nindati, -te) ‘to blame’ (25)
√dyut (I dyotate) ‘to shine’ (21) nis- (preverb) ‘out, forth’;
drakṣyati FUT of √dṛś ‘to see’ (nominal prefix) ‘without,
√dru (I dravati) ‘to run’ (7) away from’ (sandhi forms:
abhi-√dru (I ‘to go against, attack’ (10) nir-, niṣ-, niḥ-) (14)
abhidravati) √nī (I nayati) ‘to lead’ (7)
dvi- (num.) ‘two’ (37) nṛ- (m.) ‘man, hero’ (29)
√dviṣ (II dveṣṭi) ‘to hate’ (18) nṛpa- (m.) ‘king, leader’ (6)
——dh—— nṛpati- (m.) ‘king’ (34)
dhanu- (m.) ‘bow’ (i.e. the weapon) (26) netṛ- (m.) ‘leader’ (29)
dhanus- (n.) ‘bow’ (i.e. the weapon) (26) netra- (n.) ‘eye’ (14)
dharma- (m.) ‘(religious) duty, law’ (5) ——p——
√dhā (III dadhāti) ‘to place, put’ (19) pakṣa- (m.) ‘wing’ (29)
dhī- (f.) ‘thought’ (13) pakṣin- (m.) ‘bird’ (29)
dhīmat- (adj.) ‘having thought’ –› ‘wise’ (25) √pac (I pacati, - ‘to cook’ (28)
√dhṛ (X dhārayati, ‘to hold, support’; middle: ‘to te)
I dharati) endure’ (8, 34) pañca- (num.) ‘five’ (37)
√dhṛṣ (V dhṛṣṇoti) ‘to be bold; to dare to (+ Inf)’ √pat (I patati) ‘to fall; to fly’ (7)
(28) pati- (m.) ‘master, lord; husband’ (34)
dhenu- (f.) ‘cow’ (26) padma- (m./n.) ‘lotus’ (12)
——n—— para- (pron. adj.) ‘far; other; hostile’ (22)
na (indc.) ‘not’ (3) paraṃtapa- (m.) ‘foe-burner, killer of the enemy’
nakta- (n.) ‘night’ (33) (epithet of Arjuna and other
nagara- (n.) ‘city, town’ (5) epic heroes) (24)
nagarī- (f.) ‘city’ (13) pari- (preverb) ‘around’ (10)
nadī- (f.) ‘river’ (13) parvata- (m.) ‘mountain’ (24)
√nand (I nandati, - ‘to be happy, rejoice in’ paśu- (m.) ‘cattle’ (33)
te) (+ Instr) (17) paśyati –› √dṛś

5
√pā (I irreg. ‘to drink’ (33) prasanna- ‘pleased’ (10)
pibati, -te) prājña- (adj.) ‘wise’ ( –› prajñā-) (9)
Pāṇḍava- (m.) ‘son of Pāṇḍu’ (one side of the prāṇa- (m.) ‘breath; vital breath’ (30)
conflict in the Mahābhārata) priya- (adj.) ‘dear; one’s own’ (6)
pāpa- (adj.) ‘evil, bad’ (6) ——ph——
pārthiva- (m.) ‘(earthly) ruler’ (38) phala- (n.) ‘fruit; reward’ (6)
√pāl (X pālayati) ‘to protect’ (8)
pāla- (m.) ‘protector’ (8) ——b——
pitṛ- (m.) ‘father’ (29) √badh/√bandh ‘to bind, tie’ (18)
pitarau (m.) ‘parents’ (29) (IX badhnāti)
pitaraḥ (m.) ‘(fore)fathers, ancestors’ (29) bandhu- (m.) ‘relative, kinsman’ (27)
piba- present stem of √pā bala- (n.) ‘strength; force’ (14)
putra- (m.) ‘son’ (6) bahu- (adj.) ‘much, many’ (26)
punar (indc.) ‘again’ (3) bāndhava- (m.) ‘relative, kinsman’ (27)
pura- (n.) ‘city, town’ (5) bāla- (m.) ‘child, boy’ (5)
purā (indc.) ‘long ago, formerly’ (27) bālā- (f.) ‘girl, daughter’ (9)
puruṣa- (m.) ‘man; servant’ (6) bāhu- (m.) ‘arm’ (36)
√pū (IX ‘to purify, cleanse’ (note: pu-, buddhi- (f.) ‘insight, understanding; mind’
punāti/punīte) not (–› √budh) (26)
pū-) (18) √budh (I ‘to wake up; to understand’ (4)
√pūj (X pūjayati) ‘to honour, respect, worship’ bodhati)
(7) brahman- (n.) ‘the universal soul, divine
pūjā- (f.) ‘honour, respect’ (9) essence; religious knowledge’
pūrva- (pron. ‘prior, earlier; first’ (22) (29)
adj.) brāhmaṇa- (m.) ‘wise man, brahmin’ (29)
√pṛ (IX pṛṇāti) ‘to fill’ (28) √brū (II bravīti) ‘to speak’ (19)
pṛtanā- (f.) ‘battle’ (9) punar √brū ‘to reply, answer’ (19)
pṛthivī- (f.) ‘earth’ (13) ——bh——
paura- (m.) ‘citizen, city-dweller’ (–› pura- bhagavat- (adj.) ‘fortunate; blessed’ (25)
) (17) bhadra- (adj.) ‘good; pleasing; happy’ (12)
pra- (preverb) ‘forward’ (10) bhaya- (n.) ‘fear’ (√bhī ‘to fear’) (14)
√prach (VI ‘to ask’ (ta-Ptc pṛṣṭa-) (8) bhartṛ- (m.) ‘husband’ (29)
pṛcchati) √bhā (II bhāti) ‘to appear, to seem; to shine’
prajā- (f.) ‘child, offspring; (a ruler’s) (33)
subject’ (9) bhāryā- (f.) ‘wife’ (9)
prajñā- (f.) ‘knowledge, wisdom’ (9) √bhāṣ (I bhāṣate) ‘to speak, say’ (21)
prati (indc.) ‘towards; against’ (postposed + √bhid (VII ‘to split’ (18)
Acc) (5) bhinatti)
prati- (preverb) ‘towards; against; back’ (10) √bhī (III bibheti) ‘to fear, be afraid of’ (+ Abl)
prathama- ‘first’ (30) (18)
pradeśa- (m.) ‘place, region’ (16) bhīma- (adj.) ‘frightening, terrible’ (–›
prabhā- (f.) ‘splendour; radiance; beauty’ √bhī) (14)
(9) √bhuj (VII ‘to enjoy; eat’ (18)
pramukhataḥ ‘facing, in front of’ (+ Gen) (17) bhunakti)
(indc.) bhū- (f.) ‘the earth’ (13)
prayatna- (m.) ‘effort; attempt’ (21)

6
√bhū (I bhavati) ‘to be; to become, to come to √mṛ (IV mriyate, ‘to die’ (17, 21)
be’ (7) -ti)
abhi-√bhū ‘to overpower’ (10) mṛga- (m.) ‘deer’ (27)
bhūta- (n.) ‘living being, creature’ (6) mṛta- ta-Ptc of √mṛ ‘to die’: ‘having
bhūmi- (f.) ‘the earth’ (27) died; dead’ (8)
bhūyaḥ (indc.) ‘again’ (36) mṛtyu- (m.) ‘death’ (33)
√bhṛ (I bharati) ‘to bear, carry’ (4) me (pron.) ‘of me, my; for/to/by me’ (8)
bhrātṛ- (m.) ‘brother’ (29) ——y——
——m—— ya- (pron.) relative pronoun ‘who, what,
mat- (pron.) ‘I’ (32) which’ (22)
mati- (f.) ‘mind; thought’ (26) √yaj (I yajati) ‘to worship, sacrifice to’ (7)
√mad (IV mādyati, ‘to be happy, delight in; be yajña- (m.) ‘worship; sacrifice’ (12)
te) drunk’ (34) √yat (I yatate, -ti) ‘to stretch’ (34)
madhya- (n.) ‘middle; waist’ (12) yataḥ (indc.) ‘from which (time, place,
√man (IV ‘to think’ (–› √man) (21) reason); because’ (23)
manyate) yataḥ … tataḥ ‘because… (thus)’ (23)
manas- (n.) ‘mind’ (24) yatna- (m.) ‘effort, attempt’ (21)
manu (m.) ‘man, man-kind; Manu (the yatra (indc.) ‘(in which) where; when’
first human)’ (34) (relative) (23)
manuṣa- (adj.) ‘human’; (m.) ‘human yatra… tatra ‘where… (there)’ (23)
being, man’ (34) yathā (indc.) ‘just as; in which way’ (relative)
mama (pron.) ‘of me, my’ (Gen Sg) (19) (12)
maraṇa- (n.) ‘death’ (17) yathā… tathā ‘as/in which way… so/in that
marut- (m.) ‘wind’ (15) way’ (12, 23)
martya- (adj.) ‘mortal’; (m.) ‘man’ yad- stem form of the rel. pronoun
(17) used in compounds
mahat- (adj.) ‘great’ (mahā- in compounds) yadā (indc.) ‘when’ (23)
(25) yadā … tadā ‘when... (then)’ (15, 23)
mahā- (at beg. of cpd.) ‘great’ (14) yadi (indc.) ‘if’ (23)
mahārāja- ‘great king’ (21) yadi… tarhi ‘if… then’ (23)
mahīyas- (comp. ‘greater, stronger’ (35) (indc.)
adj.) √yam (I irreg. ‘to hold; to raise’ (39)
mā used to express prohibitions: yacchati or yamati)
‘don’t…!’ (38) yaśas- (n.) ‘glory, fame’ (24)
mātṛ- (f.) ‘mother’ (29) √yā (II yāti) ‘to go’ (19)
mānuṣa- (adj.) ‘human’; (m.) ‘human yāvat… tāvat ‘as long as… (so long)’ (23)
being, man’ (34) √yuj (VII ‘to link, join’ (19)
mānuṣya- (adj.) ‘human’; (m.) ‘human yunakti)
being, man’ (34) yuddha- (n.) ‘fight’ (6)
mām (pron.) ‘me’ (Acc Sg) (18) √yudh (IV ‘to fight’ (21)
māyā- (f.) ‘magic, miracle; illusion’ (9) yudhyate)
mitra- (n.) ‘friend’ (5) yo yaḥ (repeated case form of
mukha- (n.) ‘face; mouth’ (14) ya-) ‘whoever, whatever’ etc.
mukhya- (adj.) ‘main, foremost’ (17) (23)
√muc (VI muñcati) ‘to release, free’ (4) yoga- (m.) ‘combination; yoga’ (14) (√yuj
mūrdhan- (m.) ‘(fore)head; top; peak’ (29) ‘to link’ –› Chapter 30)

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 ——r—— varīyas- ‘better, dearer’ ( –›√vṛ/vara-)
√rakṣ (I rakṣati) ‘to protect’ (7) (35)
rakṣitṛ- (m.) ‘protector’ (29) √varṇ (X ‘to colour; to describe, depict’
varṇayati) (34)
rajas- (n.) ‘mist, dust; passion (which varṇa- (m.) ‘colour; caste’ (34)
clouds the senses)’ (24) √vas (I vasati) ‘to live (in a place)’ (8)
raṇa- (m.) ‘battle; battle lust; pleasure’ vasu- (adj.) ‘good; excellent’; (n.)
(14) ‘wealth, goods’ (26)
ratna- (n.) ‘jewel; gift’ (16) √vah (I vahati) transitive: ‘to carry, draw’;
ratha- (m.) ‘chariot’ (14) intransitive: ‘to travel, drive (in
ramaṇīya- (adj.) ‘pleasant’ (33) a chariot)’ (21)
rahas- (n.) ‘solitude’; Acc used as an vā (indc.) ‘or’ (postposed) (3)
adverb ‘secretly’ (24) vā … vā ‘either… or’ (postposed) (7)
rākṣasa- (m.) ‘demon’ (36) vākya- (n.) ‘speech; word’ (17)
vāc- (f.) ‘voice’ (15)
√rāj (I rājati, -te) ‘to shine’ (33) vāri- (n.) ‘water’ (26)
rājan- (m.) ‘king’ (29) vāsas- (n.) ‘(piece of) clothing’ (24)
rājñī- (f.) ‘queen’ (13) vi- (preverb) ‘apart, away, out’ (10)
Rāma- (m.) Rāma, hero of the Rāmāyaṇa vikrama- (m.) ‘walk, motion; way, manner’
epic (8) (36)
rucira- (adj.) ‘shining, splendid’ (33) √vid (II vetti) ‘to know, recognise’ (18)
√rudh (VII ‘to obstruct’ (18) √vid (VI vindati) ‘to find’ (4)
ruṇaddhi) -vid- (at end of cpd.) ‘knowing, one
√ruh (I rohati) ‘to go up, climb, ascend’ (12) who knows’ (15)
rūpa- (n.) ‘form; good form, beauty’ vidyut- (f.) ‘lightning’ (15)
(14) vinā (indc.) ‘without’ (+ Instr, Abl, Acc)
rūpavat- (adj.) ‘shapely, beautiful’ (5)
——l—— √vip (I vepate) ‘to tremble’ (21)
√lakṣ (X lakṣayati) ‘to notice’ (21) vi-priya- (adj.) ‘unpleasant’ (10)
√labh (I labhate) ‘to take’ (21) √viś (VI viśati) ‘to enter’ (4)
√likh (VI likhati) ‘to write’ (4) upa-√viś ‘to sit down’ (10)
√lup (VI lumpati) ‘to rob’ (4) pra-√viś ‘to enter’ (10)
loka- (m.) ‘world’ (14) viśva- (pron. adj.) ‘all, every, entire’ (22)
locana- (n.) ‘eye’ (33) vistīrṇa- ‘spread out, great; strewn,
——v—— scattered with’ (√stṝ) (34)
√vac (II vakti) ‘to speak’ (19) vismaya- (m.) ‘astonishment’ (10)
vacana- (n.) ‘word, speech’ (–› √vac) (5) vīra- (m.) ‘man; hero’ (16)
vacas- (n.) ‘speech, word’ (–› √vac) (24) vṛkṣa- (m.) ‘tree’ (5)
√vad (I vadati) ‘to say, speak to’ (+ Acc.) (8) √vṛ (V vṛṇoti) ‘to cover, surround, restrain’
vana- (n.) ‘forest’ (5) (18)
vapus- (adj.) ‘beautiful; (n.) form; √vṛ (IX vṛṇāti) ‘to choose’ (18)
beauty’ (24) √vṛt (I vartate) ‘to turn; go on, proceed,
vara- (adj.) ‘select, good’; (m.) advance; to be’ (21)
‘choice, wish; boon (sth. √vṛdh (I vardhati) ‘to grow’ (7)
granted as a gift or reward)’ √vṛṣ (I varṣati, -te) ‘to rain’ (36)
(14) veda- (m.) ‘knowledge’ (5)

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vedavid- (adj.) ‘knowing/knowledgeable in ——s——
the Vedas, one who knows the sa- (prefix) ‘together with’; see note in
Vedas’ (15) Chapter (15)
vyāghra- (m.) ‘tiger’ (5) saḥ –› tad-
——ś—— sakhī- (f.) ‘(female) friend’ (13)
√śaṃs (I śaṃsati) ‘to praise; recite; say’ (30) sat-, sant- Pres Act Ptc of √as; (adj.) ‘true’
√śak (V śaknoti) ‘to be strong; to be able to (+ satya- (adj.) ‘true’; (n.) ‘truth’ (36)
Inf.)’ (18) √sad (I irreg. ‘to sit, sit down’ (ta-Ptc sanna- –
śata- (n.) ‘hundred’ (37) sīdati) › Chapter 34) (8)
śatru- (m.) ‘enemy’ (26) pra-√sad ‘to be pleased’ (10)
śara- (m.) ‘arrow’ (12) sadā (indc.) ‘always’ (5)
śarīra- (n.) ‘body’ (19) sanna- –› √sad
śaśin- (m.) ‘moon’ (lit. ‘having a rabbit’) sapta- (num.) ‘seven’ (37)
(in several Asian countries, sam- (preverb) ‘with, together, along’ (10)
there is a rabbit in the moon, sama- (adj.) ‘same as, like’ (14)
not a man) (29) samīpa- (adj.) ‘near’; (n.) ‘vicinity’ (16)
śastra- (n.) ‘weapon’ (31) samīpe ‘in the vicinity of, near’
√śās (II śāsti; I ‘to order, instruct’ (31) (+ Gen) (16)
śāsati, -te) samudra- (m.) ‘ocean’ (16)
śāstra- (n.) ‘teaching, (good) advice; (esp. sarva- (pron. ‘all, every, entire’; (with
religious) treatise’ (31) adj.) negation) ‘any’ (6; 22)
śiras- (n.) ‘head, top, peak’ (24) saha (indc.) ‘with’ (postposed, + Instr) (5)
śiṣya- (m.) ‘student’ (31) sahasra- (n.) ‘thousand’ (37)
√śī (II śete; ‘to lie, lie down’ (39) sādhu- (adj.) ‘good’ (26)
I śayate, -ti) siṃha- (m.) ‘lion’ (5)
śīghra- (adj.) ‘fast, quick’ (14) Sītā- (f.) Sītā, Rāma’s wife (9)
√śuc (I śocati) ‘to mourn’ (7) sīda- Pres stem of √sad
√śubh (I śobhati, - ‘to decorate’; middle: ‘to su- (prefix) ‘good; very’ (14)
te, VI śumbhati) make oneself beautiful; be sukha- (adj.) ‘happy; pleasant’; (n.)
beautiful’ (17, 21) ‘pleasure, happiness’ (6)
śūra- (adj.) ‘bold, mighty’; (m.) sundara-, fem. ‘beautiful’ (13)
‘hero’ (6) sundarī (adj.)
śoka- (m.) ‘grief’ (17) sumanas- (adj.) ‘good-hearted, benevolent’ (24)
śobhana- (adj.) ‘beautiful, magnificent’ (17) sura- (m.) ‘god’ (36)
śrī- (f.) ‘beauty, wealth; Śrī (goddess suhṛd- (adj.) ‘good-hearted, kind’; (m.)
of beauty and wealth)’ (13) ‘friend’ (15)
√śru (V śṛṇoti) ‘to listen, hear’ (19) sūrya- (m.) ‘sun’ (14)
śruta- ‘having been heard’: ta-Ptc of √sṛ (I sarati, -te) ‘to flow’ (28)
√śru ‘to listen, hear’ (8) √sṛj (VI sṛjati) ‘to release, let go; to create’ (33)
śreyas- ‘better, superior’ (35) senā- (f.) ‘army’ (9)
śreṣṭha- ‘best; excellent’ (31) √sev (I sevate, - ‘to attend, frequent (a place);
śloka- (m.) ‘sound; fame; verse’ (6) ti) serve’ (36)
śvaḥ (indc.) ‘tomorrow’ (21) skandha- (m.) ‘shoulder (of a person); trunk
——ṣ—— (of a tree); branch/division (of
ṣaṣ- (num.) ‘six’ (37) an army)’ (36)

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√stabh/stambh ‘to prop up; fix’ (28) hi (indc.) ‘indeed, surely’ (emphatic
(IX stabhnāti) particle) (6)
stambha- (n.) ‘pillar, column’ (28) hita- ta-Ptc of √dhā
√stu (II stauti) ‘to praise’ (19) hima- (m.) ‘snow’ (25)
√stṝ (IX stṛṇāti, ‘to strew, spread’ (Past Ptc himavat- (adj.) ‘snowy, frosty’; (m.) ‘the
stṛṇīte) stīrṇa-) (34) Himalayas’ (25)
strī- (f.) ‘woman’ (13) √hu (III juhoti) ‘to pour; sacrifice to (+Acc)’ (18)
√sthā (I irreg. ‘to stand’ (7) √hṛ (I harati) ‘to take’ (4)
tiṣṭhati) hṛd- (n.) ‘heart’ (15)
sthāpaya- CAUS of √sthā hṛdaya- (n.) ‘heart’ (15)
sthita- ta-Ptc of √sthā ‘to stand’: √hṛṣ (IV ‘to be excited, happy’ (4)
‘standing’ (8) hṛṣyati)
√snā (II snāti, IV ‘to bathe’ (31) hetoḥ (indc.) ‘for the sake of’ (+ Gen) (12)
snāyati, -te)
√snih (IV ‘to be attached to, feel affection
snihyati) for, love’ (+ Loc) (4)
sneha- (m.) ‘love, affection’ (17)
√spṛś (VI ‘to touch’ (27)
spṛśati)
√smi (I smayate, ‘to smile’ (17)
-ti)
√smṛ (I smarati) ‘to remember’ (4)
vi-√smṛ (I vi- ‘to forget’ (10)
smarati)
syā- Pres Pot stem of √as
sva- (pron. adj.) ‘one’s own’ (my own, your own
etc.) (22)
svaka- (adj.) ‘one’s own’ (22)
svajana- (m.) ‘one’s own people’ (31)
√svap (II svapiti, ‘to sleep’ (7, 19)
I svapati)
svalpa- (adj.) ‘small’ (16)
svasṛ- (f.) ‘sister’ (29)
sveda- (m.) ‘sweat’ (the two words are
related) (30)
——h——
haṃsa- (m.) ‘goose’ or ‘swan’ (12)
hata- ‘having been killed; dead’: ta-Ptc
of √han (8)
√han (II hanti) ‘to kill’ (19)
-han- (at end of cpd.) ‘killing, one who
kills’ (29)
havis- (n.) ‘oblation, burnt offering’ (24)
√has (I hasati) ‘to laugh’ (27)
hasta- (m.) ‘hand’ (29)
hastin- (m.) ‘elephant’ (29)

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