Updates on 5G

March 2018

Dr. Mohamed Nadder

Director of Mobility Engineering
ITU Requirements
 The ITU - IMT
Generations

• IMT 2000 (3G)

• IMT Advanced (4G)

• IMT 2020 (5G)

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 User experienced
ITU 5G Vs 4G specifications
Peak data rate data rate
(Gbit/s) (Mbit/s)

20 100
IMT-2020
10
1
Area traffic
capacity Spectrum
efficiency
(Mbit/s/m2 ) 10
1´ 3´
1
Peak Data Rate: 20Gbps 0.1

Spectral Efficiency: 3x
1´
Latency (UP): 1ms
350
10´ 400
100´ 500
Connection Density: 106/Km2 Network
IMT-advanced Mobility
energy efficiency (km/h)

5
10 10

6
10 1

Connection density Latency

2
(devices/km ) (ms)

M.2083-03

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 Use Case Scenarios

Peak User experienced

Enhanced mobile data rate High importance data rate
broadband
Medium
Spectrum
Area traffic
1. eMBB - Enhanced mobile broadband
efficiency
capacity Low

2. URLL - Ultra reliable low latency

3. mMTC - Massive MTC

Network Mobility
energy efficiency
Ultra-reliable
Massive machine and low latency
type communications communications
Connection density Latency

M.2083-04

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The New Radio
3GPP standards
 3GPP 5G Standardization

Accelerated We’re
Time lines Here

5G NR Work Item

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 Accelerated Timelines (RAN#75, Croatia)

New Radio (NR) Non Stand Alone (NSA) by

December 2017
• Non-Standalone (NSA) 5G NR will
utilize the existing LTE radio and core
network as an anchor for mobility
management and coverage while adding
a new 5G carrier.
• Standalone (SA) 5G NR implies full user
and control plane capability for 5G NR,
utilizing the new 5G core network
Release 15 specification remains unchanged,
June 2018
3GPP will now use the term “5G” on all
Release 15 and beyond specifications

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 Integrating the New Radio

 3GPP has defined a number of options for the NR

addition (See TR 38.801)
 All options are based on the former LTE Rel. 12
Dual connectivity with Master eNB (MeNB) and
Slave eNB (SeNB), 2 component carriers of 2 cells.

Option 3/3a/3x [eNB is MeNB, gNB is SeNB] Option 3/3a/3x

• Option 3 (split bearer):

• gNB S1-U via eNB
• Option 3a (SCG bearer: Secondary Cell Group)
• gNB S1-U direct to eNB

Option 3
• NR relies on eNB for its signaling on the Xx-C
interface
Option 3

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 Integrating the New Radio

 3GPP has defined a number of options for

the NR addition (See See TR 38.801)
 All options are based on the former LTE Rel. 12
Dual connectivity with Master eNB (MeNB) and
Slave eNB (SeNB).

Option 4/4a [gNB is MeNB, eNB is SeNB]

• Dual Connectivity can be realized, in which

the gNB (MeNB ) is connected to the NGC
with Non-standalone E-UTRA (SeNB)
• The E-UTRA user plane connection to the NGC
goes via the gNB (Option 4) or directly (Option
4a).
• Xn interface between eLTE eNB and gNB,

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 Integrating the New Radio

 3GPP has defined a number of options for

the NR addition (See See TR 38.801)
 All options are based on the former LTE Rel. 12
Dual connectivity with Master eNB (MeNB) and
Slave eNB (SeNB).

Option 7/7a/7x
 Dual Connectivity in which the eLTE eNB
(MeNB) is connected to the NGC with Non-
standalone NR (SeNB)
 The NR user plane connection to the NGC
goes via the eLTE eNB (Option 7) or directly
(Option 7a).
 Xn interface between eLTE eNB and gNB.

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 NR Scalable Slot Duration (Time Domain)

Sub Frame

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 NR Scalable Slot Duration (Time Domain)

eMBB URLLC

Mini Slot (IoT)

• NR Subframe length is 1 ms (Similar to LTE)
• A Subframe is composed of an integer number of slots (LTE has 2 TS)
• Different subcarrier spacing (15KHz LTE) have different symbol durations (7 symbols/TS LTE)
Source: IEEE Comm. magazine
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 NR Scalable OFDM Numerology (Frequency Domain)

LTE
SCS:15KHz
SC/RB:12 (12x15=180KHz)

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 NR Scalable OFDM Numerology (Frequency Domain)
LTE
SCS:15KHz
SC/RB:12 (12x15=180KHz)

Source: Qualcomm
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 NR flexible Resources

Source: Qualcomm
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Spectrum for 5G
The 3.5GHz Dominance
 Operators Proposals for New Radio (NR) Spectrum

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Around the world, countries are updating regulation to make more spectrum available for upcoming
5G requirements. The allocated bands for 5G-NR reveal that 3.5 GHz is closer to a global effort than
higher frequencies, which represent a fragmented market.
Licensed Allocated and Targeted Bands for 5G NR Source: Qualcomm,
2017
Unlicensed/Shared
Sub 1 GHz Sub 6 GHz mmWave
Existing
<1 GHz 3 GHz 4 GHz 5 GHz 24-28 GHz 37-40 GHz 64-71 GHz
Targeted
USA 600MHz 2.5GHz 3.5GHz 27.5-28.5 37-37.6 37.6-40
5.9-7.1GHz GHz 64-71GHz
(2x35MH (LTE Band (150MHz GHz GHz
z) 41) )
600MHz 3.5GHz 5.9-7.1GHz 27.5-28.5 37-37.6 37.6-40
Canada (2x35MH GHz GHz GHz 64-71GHz
(150MHz
z) )
26GHz,
UK 3.4-3.8GHz
28GHz

26GHz,
Germany 3.4-3.7GHz
28GHz

26.5-29.5
South Korea 3.4-3.7GHz
GHz

27.5-29.5
Japan 3.6-4.2GHz 4.4-4.9GHz
GHz

3.4-3.7GHz 28GHz 39GHz

Australia
24.5-27.5
700MHz 3.4-3.8GHz 5.9-6.4GHz
EU GHz

3.46- 26GHz
France 3.8GHz

3.6-3.8GHz
Italy
24.5-27.5
3.3-3.6GHz 4.8-5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz
GHz
China

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Spectrum in the 3.5 GHz bands
(3.3-4.2 GHz) is being made
available across the globe. Global Spectrum Availability:
3.3. – 4.2 GHz identification globally
(including additional designations in EUR countries)
In 2015, the WRC-15 identified
the 3.4-3.6 GHz spectrum band
for mobile communication
services globally.

However, global availability

remains subject to national
regulators’ discretion, as
exemplified in the US case with
the CBRS band and the FCC 400 MHz
rulemaking 300 MHz

200 MHz

0 -100 MHz
Source: GSA (2017)

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For spectrum bands around 3.5 GHz, several of the world’s largest economies have
established, or are in the process of establishing, rules for allocation.
Band 42 (3.4-3.6 GHz) Band 43 (3.6-3.8 GHz) 3.8-4.0 GHz 4.0-4.2 GHz)
USA
Canada
EU
UK
Germany
France
Italy
Spain
China
South Korea
Japan
Australia
Argentina
Brazil
India
Mexico
Russia
Saudi Arabia
South Africa

Designated Use but Allocation Plans Allocation Plans Allocated but In Use by
Unavailable for Allocation Ready Underway Not in Use Legacy Technologies Source: National regulations.

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 Small Cell: Deployment Scenario
m
5G would allow for widespread adoption of 3.5 GHz
Small Cells products at the macro site level.
Providing capacity at the right levels
in the right locations. Macro
Site
Legacy LTE bands
How would it work? for channel control
Macro
• Idea: Deploy additional network layers Site

using small cells either within (intra-cell) or Macro – small cell Intra-cell
between (inter-cell) the area of a macro carrier deployment to
cell coverage where needed the most. aggregation. boost capacity in
congested area.

• Advantages:
- Allows for consistent data performance Single cell
regardless of user’s location in relation carrier
aggregation.
to base station.
- Allows for new set of players to enter
the wireless market with small cell
networks running on shared spectrum Small cell transmitting
(US). at 3.5 GHz spectrum. Aerial small cell
network on HFC
• Opportunities: Small cell networks offer
flexibility and easier deployments than Deployment Threshold:
When operators cross beyond the 0.02
macro sites, which could be used to target Gbps/KM2/MHz threshold, it makes sense
key areas for better coverage and capacity. to add a small cell layer to complement the
macro network.
(Mobile Experts, Small Cell Forum)
Source: Plums. (2015). Use of C-Band (3400/3600-4200 MHz) for mobile
broadband in Hungary, Italy, Sweden, and the UK.

34 PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL © 2017 CommScope, Inc. | v1-17-10 Adapted from Plums (2015).
 Macro Cell: Deployment Scenario
m
5G would allow for widespread adoption of 3.5 GHz
Macro Cell Sites products at the macro site level.
Reuse existing macro cell sites with
5G-NR tech and 3.5 GHz spectrum.
RAN-CU 1.7 KM inter-site
distance.
How would it work?
Key Technologies:
• Idea: Use 5G-NR technologies, such as Massive MIMO and
Massive MIMO, beamformed control channels, Beamforming
and beam scanning, in tandem with LTE-TDD
in order to achieve increased capacity and
throughput. Key
Technologies: 80 MHz Bandwidth
Beam scanning
• Advantages: with LTE-TDD

- Achieve optimal channel capacity and Beam k

improved spectral efficiency with little
interference. N-Antenna
Base Station
- Large antenna arrays concentrate transmit UE K
power at receivers, thus radiated power is
Key Technologies:
also reduced. Beamformed Control Channel
+10 dB
• Opportunities: 5G-NR would allow for the use
of 3.5 GHz spectrum at the macro cell level Beam 1
Key Technologies:
without requiring operators to incur in costly Supplemental Uplink
infrastructure deployments. • Extend DL by
Sources: Yang and Quek. (2017). Massive MIMO meets Small Cell; increasing power at
Qualcomm. (2016). “Making 5G NR a reality”; high band.
Forbes. (2016). “Qualcomm demonstrates first sub-6 GHz 5G New Radio prototype at
MWC Shanghai 2016”; Adapted from on infrastructure in Yang and Quek (2017), • Extend UL by using
Internal CommScope Reseach. User low band.
and specifications in Qualcomm (2016). Equipment 1
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 Hotspot: Deployment Scenario
m
5G would allow for widespread adoption of 3.5 GHz
Hotspots products at the macro site level.
Hyperdense networks to support
large number of users and very high Key Technologies:
data requirements. LTE-TDD, Massive
MIMO, Beamforming.
How would it work?
• Idea: mMIMO’s multi-user spatial division
and narrow beam coverage* to support
hotspot’s user and data demands.
• Advantages:
- Increased single-user link performance
(up to 10x) and system capacity (from 4x
up to 8x) with a 64T64R antenna. 3.5 GHz
spectrum.
- Increased spectrum efficiency, reducing
the need to lease new spectrum.
- Increased outdoor coverage (up to 2x).
• Opportunities: Not only will hyperdense
networks improve the overall network’s
capacity, but it will also unlock the potential
to roll our new use cases (IoT, smart cities,
etc.), adding new revenue streams for
operators.
Source: GTI. (2017). “Massive MIMO Whitepaper”; Huawei. (2017). “Massive
MIMO is the future of wireless networks.”
*High spatial multiplexing and beamforming.
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 3GPP 5G NR bands and ranges

Frequency range Corresponding frequency range NR Uplink (UL) operating Downlink (DL) operating Duplex
designation operating band band Mode
FR1 450 MHz – 6000 MHz band BS receive / UE transmit BS transmit / UE receive
(FR1) FUL_low – FUL_high FDL_low – FDL_high
FR2 24250 MHz – 52600 MHz
n1 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz FDD
n2 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz FDD
n3 1710 MHz – 1785 MHz 1805 MHz – 1880 MHz FDD
n5 824 MHz – 849 MHz 869 MHz – 894 MHz FDD
n7 2500 MHz – 2570 MHz 2620 MHz – 2690 MHz FDD
n8 880 MHz – 915 MHz 925 MHz – 960 MHz FDD
n20 832 MHz – 862 MHz 791 MHz – 821 MHz FDD
NR Uplink (UL) and Downlink (DL) Duplex n28 703 MHz – 748 MHz 758 MHz – 803 MHz FDD
operating operating band Mode n38 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz TDD
band BS transmit/receive n41 2496 MHz – 2690 MHz 2496 MHz – 2690 MHz TDD
(FR2) UE transmit/receive n50 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz TDD
FUL_low – FUL_high n51 1427 MHz – 1432 MHz 1427 MHz – 1432 MHz TDD
FDL_low – FDL_high n66 1710 MHz – 1780 MHz 2110 MHz – 2200 MHz FDD
n70 1695 MHz – 1710 MHz 1995 MHz – 2020 MHz FDD
n257 26500 MHz – 29500 MHz TDD n71 663 MHz – 698 MHz 617 MHz – 652 MHz FDD
n258 24250 MHz – 27500 MHz TDD n74 1427 MHz – 1470 MHz 1475 MHz – 1518 MHz FDD
n260 37000 MHz – 40000 MHz TDD n75 N/A 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz SDL
n76 N/A 1427 MHz – 1432 MHz SDL
n77 3300 MHz – 4200 MHz 3300 MHz – 4200 MHz TDD
n78 3300 MHz – 3800 MHz 3300 MHz – 3800 MHz TDD
n79 4400 MHz – 5000 MHz 4400 MHz – 5000 MHz TDD
n80 1710 MHz – 1785 MHz N/A SUL
n81 880 MHz – 915 MHz N/A SUL
n82 832 MHz – 862 MHz N/A SUL
n83 703 MHz – 748 MHz N/A SUL
n84 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz N/A SUL

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5G system architecture (5GS)
5G Core block diagrams
 5GS
…building blocks are now named as Functions
The MME is now called AMF,
HSS is UDM,
SGW and PGW split by control and user planes into UPF
and SMF

- Authentication Server Function (AUSF) - Session Management Function (SMF)

- Access and Mobility Management - Unified Data Management (UDM)
Function (AMF) - Unified Data Repository (UDR)
- Data Network (DN), e.g. operator services, - User Plane Function (UPF)
Internet access or 3rd party services - Application Function (AF)
- Unstructured Data Storage Function - User Equipment (UE)
(UDSF) - (Radio) Access Network ((R)AN)
- Network Exposure Function (NEF) - 5G-Equipment Identity Register (5G-EIR)
- NF Repository Function (NRF) - Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP)
- Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF)
- Policy Control Function (PCF)

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 Where does CommScope fit in?

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 0o
30o

8 (4 x-pol columns)

Steering Beam
(Horizontal Pattern)

• TDD 2.3 GHz, 2.6 GHz, 3.5 GHz

Stage1: • 8 RF Chains from Radio to Antenna (8T8R)
Planar Arrays • Radio Applies Phase and Amplitude shifts
8T8R • Horizontal Only Beam steering

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 Radio Unit
band1

Internal
element
Diplexers

Radio Unit
band2
16 (8 cross.pol columns)

• FDD 1.9 GHz & 2.1 GHz

Stage2: • 16+16 RF chains from Radio (NOKIA)
Integrated Radios • 224 Antenna Elements
32T32R • Horizontal Only Beam steering

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 1

Stage3: • 28 GHz, 60 dBm EIRP

Massive MIMO (FWA) • NBS =256 Antenna Elements
256AE • X-RAN open BBU interface

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 Open Ecosystem

Driving down costs with multi-vendor interoperability and open standards

Software-based, extensible Software-based, cloud

Radio Access Network (RAN) native network solutions
standards development 5G modems and chipsets including vEPC and vRAN
Fronthaul Working Group for the industry facilitates
CPE interoperability

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 mmWave Signal & Network Analyzers
RRH
Positione
r

CommScope
mmWave
Laboratory
20 GSa/sec Oscilloscope
mmWave Anechoic Chamber

5G mmWave Waveform Generators

10/40/100 GbE Optical Tester

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 Take Aways..

• 5G is not an unidentified
vague concept any more.
• 3GPP 5G first standards
published December 20th,
2017
• 5G Phase1 specs 3GPP
Rel15 freeze in June-2018.
• Expecting commercial NR
deployments in 2019.

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Thank You !

Dr. Mohamed Nadder, PhD.

Mohamed.nadder@commscope.com
+971 52246 1887