Carbonell 1

Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources:

“1948 – The Miracle of Israel’s Birth.” 1948 – The Miracle of Israel’s Birth, United with Israel,

unitedwithisrael.org/1948-the-miracle-of-israels-birth/.

This is a picture of patriotic Jews holding the Israeli flag. It is a primary source.

“Arab Refugees in Northern Israel on the Road to Lebanon, November 1948.” Endless War, The

New York Times, 4 May 2008, www.nytimes.com/2008/05/04/books/review/Margolick-t.html.

This newspaper article helped me find a primary picture of Palestinian refugees leaving

Palestine. This picture helped me emphasize my tragedy.

“Arab Refugees from Villages near Tulkarm. Most Historians Say Ben-Gurion Knew in Real

Time about the Expulsion of Palestinians.” Catastrophic Thinking: Did Ben-Gurion Try to

Rewrite History?, Haaretz, 16 May 2013,

www.haaretz.com/.premium-ben-gurion-grasped-the-nakba-s-importance-1.5243033.

This primary picture taken during the exodus of the Arab peoples in 1948. It helped me

understand my tragedy better.

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“5 Arab League Declaration on the Invasion of Palestine- 15 May 1948.” ​Mfa.gov.il​, State of

Israel, www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/mfadocuments/yearbook1/pages/5 arab league

declaration on the invasion of pales.aspx.

This primary source helped me learn what was the short term impact of the establishment

of Israel. It helped me understand the five Arab country invasion.

“A/RES/181(II) of 29 November 1947.” ​United Nations​, United Nations,

unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf 0/7F0AF2BD897689B785256C330061D253.

This government issued document was used for evidence for what led to the

establishment of Israel (triumph). It helped me understand how this document led to the

creation of Israel.

“Arch of Titus, Rome, 1948.” ​Learning with the National Library of Israel​, The National Library

of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel, 1948, www.nli-education-uk.org/arch-of-titus-rome1948.

I used this website for a picture. This is a primary source and it helped me understand the

triumph in my topic.

“Armistice_Agreements_with_Egypt_Lebanon_and_Transjordan.”
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This primary source helped me learn what happened in the tragedy. It helped me

understand my tragedy better.

Black, Ian. “Journalist Examines a Century of Dueling Israeli-Palestinian Narratives.” ​Journalist

Examines a Century of Dueling Israeli-Palestinian Narratives,​ The Times Of Israel,

www.timesofisrael.com/journalist-examines-a-century-of-dueling-israeli-palestinian-narratives/.

This newspaper article helped me find this picture (untitled) that was taken during the

Israeli War of Independence. I used it for the tragedy section in my website.

“Border Skirmish Between Israelis and Palestinians.” ​Photos Of Palestine And Israel 1930-1949​,

Flashbak, flashbak.com/photos-of-palestine-and-israel-1930-1949-24753/.

This is a photograph of a border skirmish between Israelis and Palestinians. It is a

primary source.

“Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser Making a Public Speech in 1960, Bibliotheca

Alexandrina, Public Domain.” Gamal Abdel Nasser, International Relations,

internationalrelations.org/gamal-abdel-nasser/.

This photograph is of Gamal Abdel Nasser, former president of Egypt giving a speech in

1960. He was an important person in the impact of my topic.

“External Zionism Links.” ​What Are Israel's Primary Goals?​, Zionim-Israel,

zionism-israel.com/hdoc/Theodor_Herzl_Zionist_Congress_Speech_1897.htm.
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I used this website to find Theodor Herzl's speech to the First Zionist Congress. This

primary source helped me prove how Herzl spread these ideas.

“File:Albert Einstein WZO Photo 1921.Jpg.” ​File:Albert Einstein WZO Photo 1921.Jpg,​

Wikimedia Commons,

commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Albert_Einstein_WZO_photo_1921.jpg.

This is a photograph of Albert Einstein and Chaim Weizmann and other leaders in he

Zionist movement. It is a primary source.

“File:PROF. CHAIM WEIZMAN AND DAVID BEN GURION (R) MEETING IN

SWITZERLAND.” ​File:PROF. CHAIM WEIZMAN AND DAVID BEN GURION (R) MEETING

IN SWITZERLAND.​, Wikimedia,

commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PROF._CHAIM_WEIZMAN_AND_DAVID_BEN_GURIO

N_(R)_MEETING_IN_SWITZERLAND._

‫פגישת_פרופסור_חיים_ויצמן_)משמאל(_עם_דוד_בן_גוריון_בשוויץ‬.D71-105.jpg.

This primary source is a picture of the first prime minister and first president of Israel in a

meeting.

“From Left to Right: Lebanese Prime Minister Riad Al-Sulh, King Abdullah of Jordan, Syrian

Prime Minister Jamil Mardam Bey, Jordanian Prime Minister Samir Al-Rifaii, Prince

Abdul-Illah of Iraq, President Shukri Al-Quwatli, and Abdul Rahman Azzam, the
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Secretary-General of the Arab League. Source: Syrianhistory.com Archive.” ​Syrian History,​

Haykal Media, www.syrianhistory.com/en/photos/802.

This website helped me find the primary picture of Arab leader talking about war

strategies in the 1948 Israeli War of Independence. I used this picture in my tragedy

section of my website.

“Girls Push Their Belongings in Prams and Carts as They Leave Jaffa.” ​UNRWA PHOTO AND

FILM ARCHIVE FOR PALESTINE REFUGEES,​ United Nations Relief and Works Agency for

Palestine Refugees in the Near East, 1948, www.unrwa.org/photo-and-film-archive.

This photograph helped me understand how much the Palestinian refugees suffered after

the war. It is a primary source.

Herzl, Theodor. “Texts Concerning Zionism: ‘The Jewish State.’” ​The Jewish State,​ Jewish

Virtual Library, 1896, www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/quot-the-jewish-state-quot-theodor-herzl.

I used Jewish Virtual Library to find "The Jewish State," a pamphlet by Theodor Herzl. It

helped me understand how it influenced the Jewish people. This is a primary source.

“Impromptu Street Celebrations in Jerusalem after Israel Declared Independence in 1948.”

Memories of Presidents: Israel's First Ever Independence Day,​ Yedioth Internet, 25 Apr. 2015,

www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4649805,00.html.
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This is a primary source photograph. It helped me learn what happened in the triumph of

my topic.

“Israel Before the State.” ​Israel Before the State​, My Jewish Learning,

www.myjewishlearning.com/article/israel-before-the-state/.

This photograph was used to support the challenges in my topic. It is a primary source.

“Israel War of Independence: Israel-Syria Armistice Agreement.” ​Jewish Virtual Library​,

American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise,

www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-syria-armistice-agreement-1949.

In this website I found a primary source. The official Israel-Syria Armistice document.

This source helped me understand my tragedy better.

“Israeli Declaration of Statehood/Independence - Israeli-Palestinian Conflict - ProCon.org.”

What Are the Solutions to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict?​, ProCon.org, 23 Apr. 2008,

israelipalestinian.procon.org/view.background-resource.php?resourceID=000908.

This primary source helped me learn what caused my tragedy. It helped me understand

why the Arabs started a war (tragedy).

“Jewish People Immigrating to Israel.” Al-Nakba: 1948 Palestinian Exodus: Jewish Immigration,

University Libraries, aub.edu.lb.libguides.com/c.php?g=342715&p=2477016.

This photograph shows the Jewish people immigrating to Israel. It is a primary source.
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“Jews in Tel Aviv Celebrate Following the UN’s Decision to Partition Palestine, Nov. 30, 1947.”

On This Day: UN Votes to Partition Palestine​, Dulcinea Media, Inc.,

www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/November/UN-Votes-to-Partition-Palestine.html.

I used this photograph to understand the triumph in my project better. It is a primary

source.

jmantime. ​YouTube​, YouTube, 22 Sept. 2015, www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8AYnfZsDUk.

This primary source was used to strengthen my tragedy. This video helped me understand

how the Palestinians were affected.

“Six-Day War Tanks.” Six-Day War - HISTORY, HISTORY,

www.history.com/topics/middle-east/six-day-war.

This is a photograph of Six Day War tanks. This was impact of the creation of Israel.

Stettinius, Edward. Received by President Harry Truman, 18 Apr. 1945.

This primary source was used to help me learn who was involved the triumph.

“Suez Canal.” How The Suez Crisis Set The Sun On The British Empire, Medium,

medium.com/@harrystead17/how-the-suez-crisis-set-the-sun-on-the-british-empire-4b8771807f3

0.
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This is a primary source and it is a photograph of the Suez Canal. It is an impact of my

topic.

“Theodor Herzl.” ​Theodor Herzl (1860-1904)​, The Herzl Institute,

herzlinstitute.org/en/theodor-herzl/.

I used this website to find a picture of Theodor Herzl (primary source). I used this picture

of Herzl to incorporate it into my website.

Webb, James E. “ Progress Report by the Under Secretary of State on the Implementation of

United States Policy toward Israel and the Arab States (NSC 47/2).” 26 Jan. 1951.

This is a government issued source that helped me learn the impact my triumph had. This

source helped me understand how Israel was involved in the Cold War.

vipertact. ​YouTube,​ YouTube, 8 Nov. 2011, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vy_LlKE9OMQ.

This primary source was used to help me strengthen my topic’s triumph. This video was

used to help me understand the Israeli Declaration of Independence.

“Zionist Congress.” 120 Years After the 1st. Zionist Congress: a Reconsideration,

Audiatur-Online,

www.audiatur-online.ch/2017/08/31/120-years-after-the-1st-zionist-congress-a-reconsideration/.

This is a photograph of the Zionist Congress meeting. I incorporated it into my website.

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Secondary Sources:

“A Brief Economic History of Modern Israel.” ​EHnet​, Economic History Association,

eh.net/encyclopedia/a-brief-economic-history-of-modern-israel/.

This is a secondary source. This source was used to help me learn about the economy

during the creation of Israel.

Benson, Sonia G. “The Arab-Israeli Conflict: 1948 to 1973.” ​Gale Virtual Reference Library,​

Gale,

go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T001&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsT

ype=SingleTab&searchType=AdvancedSearchForm¤tPosition=5&docId=GALE|CX402110001

6&docType=Topic

overview&sort=Relevance&contentSegment=&prodId=GPS&contentSet=GALE|CX402110001

6&searchId=R3&userGroupName=mira63459&inPS=true.

This secondary source helped me learn more about a effect the creation of Israel had. It

helped me understand these effects.

Carbonell, Andrea, and Jeremy Katz. “Interview with Jeremy Katz, Director at Breman

Museum.” 14 Jan. 2019.

I interviewed Jeremy Katz, director at the Breman Museum. This was secondary source

because he was not alive during the creation of Israel.

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“Creation of the State of Israel.” ​Adl.org,​ Anti-Defamation League, 2018,

www.adl.org/resources/backgrounders/creation-of-the-state-of-israel

This secondary source helped me learn what influenced the creation of Israel locally.

Bowen, Jeremy. “1967 War: Six Days That Changed the Middle East.” ​BBC News​, BBC, 5 June

2017, www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-39960461.

This secondary newspaper article helped me learn how the tragedy in my topic affected

future wars that occurred such as the Six Day War

“Do We Divide The Holiest Holy City?” ​Razor Tie Artery Foundation Announce New Joint

Venture Recordings | Razor & Tie,​ Rovi Corporation, 2008,

web.archive.org/web/20080603214950/http://www.momentmag.com/Exclusive/2008/2008-03/2

00803-Jerusalem.html.

This secondary source helped me know the statistics of how many times Israel was

conquered. I was able to incorporate this in my website to prove my triumph.

“Former Iranian President: No Other Nation Suffered like Palestinians.” ​Academic OneFile​,

Gale, 26 Sept. 2008,

go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T004&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsT

ype=SingleTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm¤tPosition=2&docId=GALE|A185636551&docT

ype=Article&sort=Relevance&contentSegment=&prodId=GPS&contentSet=GALE|A18563655

1&searchId=R1&userGroupName=mira63459&inPS=true.
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This secondary source helped me learn the significance in my tragedy. It helped me

understand how the significance affected the Arabs in a bad way.

“History of Israel, Problems of the New State, 1948-67.” ​History of Peru, Mass Politics and

Social Change, 1930-68,​ motherearthtravel.com/history/israel/history-13.htm.

This secondary source helped me understand the challenges Israel faced.

HUMAN the movie. YouTube, YouTube, 17 Nov. 2015,

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dqz1aUj7Yek.

This is an interview of a Israeli father and a Palestinian father who lost their daughters to

a suicide bomber and an Israeli soldier respectively. It shows the lasting impact in my

topic. It is a secondary source.

“Immigration to Israel: Graph (1948-2010).” ​Immigration to Israel: Graph (1948-2010)​, Jewish

Virtual Library, www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/immigration-to-israel-graph-1948-2010

I used this website to find a graph and I used it to prove that immigration rates were high

in the 1950's.

“Jewish Instrumental Music (MP3).” ​Jewish Instrumental Music (MP3)​, Archive.org, 2014,

archive.org/details/HasidicViolinist.

This music was used to bring my website to life. I used it in my home page.
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Kleinmann, Tomer. “Did the Holocaust Play a Role in the Establishment of the State of Israel?”

Brief History of the City of Lviv​, H. Marcuse, Mar. 2002,

www.history.ucsb.edu/projects/holocaust/Research/Proseminar/tomerkleinman.htm.

This website is a secondary source. It helped me understand how the Holocaust

influenced the creation of Israel.

Map of Israel.​ Lonely Planet, www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/middle-east/israel/.

This picture shows the map of Israel. It is a secondary source and I used it to show how

much land Israel took from Palestine.

“Microsoft Word - 4 - Why Israel2.Doc.” American Israel Public Affairs Committee .

This secondary source helped me learn the importance of my triumph.

Rosenberg, Jennifer. “The War Years: A Timeline of the 1940s.” ​ThoughtCo​, ThoughtCo, 12

Jan. 2018, www.thoughtco.com/1940s-timeline-1779951.

This is a secondary source. I used this source to help me learn what was happening at the

time of my topic.

Senker, Cath. ​The Arab-Israeli Conflict.​ Arcturus, 2008.

I used this book to learn about my topic and understand what it is about. It is a secondary

source.
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Slavicek, Louise Chipley. ​Israel​. Chelsea House Publishers, 2003.

This book helped me understand who Chaim Weizmann was and David Ben-Gurion was.

It is a secondary source.

“Territorial Changes in Israel/Palestine.” Conflict in the Middle East,

content.openclass.com/eps/pearson-reader/api/item/33c1ac75-46ce-4867-ae30-5281538f14a6/1/f

ile/RubensteinCHG3-071415-MB/OPS/s9ml/chapter06/filep7000496834000000000000000001b

db.xhtml.

This source is a secondary map. I used this digital image to show how Palestine/Israel

changed.

Wheatcroft, Geoffrey. "Outside Factors Contributed to the Birth of Israel." The Creation of the

State of Israel, edited by Myra Immell, Greenhaven Press, 2010, pp. 102-107. Perspectives on

Modern World History. Gale Virtual Reference Library,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX1347700023/GPS?u=mira63459&sid=GPS&xid=352a43

This secondary source helped me understand why my topic happened. This source is a

viewpoint essay, found on Gale Databases.

Wolfman, Marv, et al. ​Homeland: the Illustrated History of the State of Israel​. Nachshon Press,

2008.
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This book helped me learn where and when my topic happened. It is a secondary source.

Yomtov, Nelson. ​Israel.​ Children’s Press, 2012.

I used book this source to learn about Theodor Herzl who had a key role in the creation of

Israel. It is a secondary source.