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Home Assignment No 1
General:
This is an individual assignment. Fill in your details as listed above. Each student
will attempt all these questions in this document and upload the completed
document to LMS by the deadline. Submission of pdf is not allowed. Show your
calculations in any numeric question (Simply stating the answer would not
suffice). Please avoid plagiarism; any such case would result in award of zero
marks both to the “sharer” and the “acquirer”. Maximum score is 15 points that
would be scaled back to 10 marks.
Q1. Provide details about the Internet infrastructure of Pakistan. You must include
the following as bare minimum: (10 marks)
Q3. Provide feed back about this ACN course/your instructor by suggesting any
improvement that is required to enhance the quality and learning experience of this
course (2 points)
IT877 Advance Computer Networks SEECS, NUST
Home Assignment No 1
Answer 1:
In Pakistan, Internet came into existence in 1990’s and is being used largely now a
days, eventually Information and communications technology (ICT) is one of the
largely growing industries in our country Pakistan. Now more than 32 million people
in Pakistan Surf internet. Following is a description of infrastructure of internet across
the country.
In the year 2005, a little part of the cable SEA-ME-WE 3,that was located 35 kilometres
in the south region of Karachi city and also was a major source of Pakistan's
communications became faulty so ultimately it affected all sort of communications,
along with the 10 million Internet users. In the year 2017, again a fault was observed
in IMEWE (India-Middle East-Western Europe) undersea cable in the country Saudi
Arabia that eventually disrupted the internet in our country Pakistan.
Pakistan has now also connected with a newer submarine cable system which has
much advance design capacity that is at least 40 Terabits per second across 5 fibre
pairs. AAE-1 is one of the world’s largest cable that spans for over 25,000 KMs. It
connects Hong Kong, Middle East, Singapore, with Europe and Africa.
A new submarine landing station for the proper traffic flow of internet, and a digital
TV service for all has been proposed recently in the pact of CPEC among Pakistan and
China, providing an upgraded and a cross-border fibre optic cable. In 2019, PEACE
cable will also be released and is a part of Pak China agreement.
In 2019, Arfica-1 will also be launched and its landing point will be Pakistan as well. Its
length will be 12000km. and also for the year 2019 Silk-route cable has been proposed
that will pass through Pakistan (Gwardar and Karachi) and Oman, its length will be
1030km.
111.68.99.194 Islamabad
210.56.22.99 Lahore
180.178.187.109 Rawalpindi
121.52.146.56 Peshawar
The above mentioned few DNS servers are those which provide a greater reliability.
Another root server project that included Pakistan was APNIC's root server project. In
the year 2002, APNIC announced a project in order to help the people and community
to establish several new root server sites into the Asia Pacific region. APNIC helps to
deploy root servers and eventually provide technical support. In 2005, F-Root name
servers were installed in Pakistan’s city Karachi and her allies Dhaka, Bangladesh.
d) PERN2
The Higher Education Commission Pakistan designed PERN (Pakistan Education and
Research Network again and then established a National Research and Research
Education Network (NREN), which was named further as PERN2, for all of the
educational sectors running in Pakistan. Round about 59 public and private institutes
have been connected using PERN2. NRENS also connected to PERN2 from all over the
world including APAN (Asia), GEANT2 (Europe) and `Internet2 (USA).
PERN2 connections:
PERN2 provides a connection to more than hundred public and other private sectors
in academics and other research institutes of the country via an IP based
infrastructure. It is connected internationally connected via TIEN3 which is in actual
the third generation of the Trans-Eurasia Information Network TEIN3 .
IT877 Advance Computer Networks SEECS, NUST
Home Assignment No 1
PERN2 Network design:
PERN design is made using the latest technology available in this field, using Gigabit
Metro Ethernet, SDH, and DWDM (OADMs/OLAs). The network architecture was
supposed to possess a 10 GE of Metro Ring Networks in cities like
Islamabad/Rawalpindi, Karachi, and Lahore metro cities, whereas in other over
populated cities of Pakistan like Hyderabad, Quetta and Peshawar, the network was
established using hub-and-spoke topology. Due to this three data centres have been
established.
PERN is a very cost-effective investment in the networking area for purpose of
education and research sector. Following are its benefits:
PTCL: Telenor and PTCL have signed an agreement and also have executed back-to-
back fiber-leasing agreements that were two in number in the years 2016 and 2017
respectively.
Wateen: Wateen claims to be the largest optic network of our country Pakistan,
providing a global revolution to our country.
Mobilink: Recently, Mobilink has contracted Huawei to Deploy Pakistan’s First Optical
Network that will provide a speed of about 100Gbps
Answer 2 :
To transfer the data over a certain channel, rdt3.0 protocol is quite useful and reliable
protocol, the sender can transmit the packet to the receiver end and the receiver
acknowledges the sent packet by means of an ACK. It also handles duplicate packets.
It is quite similar to Rdt 2. Following is the finite state machine at the end of the
receiver.
IT877 Advance Computer Networks SEECS, NUST
Home Assignment No 1
ANSWER 3 :
The course is being taught in quite interactive way, yet quizes must be announced
with lesser difficulty level because of limited time span it is not that much easy to brain
storm all concepts in ten minutes.