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Our objective is, for a second order circuit, learn how to apply the operator
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This builds on a second order circuit is modeled by a second
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The motivation for this method is that allows one to
the direct method where we are aiming at trying to use the derivatives.
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There may be increased algebraic complexity however,
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The summary of the operator method is first,
decide the best standard circuit analysis method for your circuit.
Write the circuit equations for that method, using either the derivative or
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For integrals, assume zero initial conditions.
Even though this may not be the case, do it because the correct initial
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We will obtain a quadratic equation in s,
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Substitute each factor of s with d by dt.
We're going to do two examples, so the same ones from the direct method lesson.
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This one is the parallel RLC and
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Write a Node Voltage Analysis equation.
Why?
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So in the Node Voltage Analysis we're going to be adding up all the currents
flowing out of the top node so we will have this equation at the top and notice
that the current through the inductor is expressed as 1 over L integral of VDT.
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But we're aiming at a differential equation in terms of i, so
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Now we convert to the s domain.
And what that means is that we take each term that has either an integral or
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And we also do that for
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So we do that.
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And now our goal will be to put this quadratic expression in standard form.
The first step, we will move the IS term, that's the forcing function term,
And then finally, standard form has the S squared term first,
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Finally, we will exchange the s, each factor of s, with d by dt.
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So you see the s squared becomes a second order derivative.
you can compare this to the one that we got with the direct method.
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Now, here's the other example, in this case,
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So here I've defined the mesh currents.
Because I'm defining mesh currents, the currents I want in i are going to
be a little bit different in this example than they were in the direct method.
It's the same example and we're seeking the same differential equation.
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In Mesh 1, we write the KVL equation.
Mesh two,
I'm coming around and I'm leading notice I'm leading with the I2 here.
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Now, we map to the S domain, so every d by dt is going to be replaced by S.
There's the first mesh equation, there's the second mesh equation.
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Now, since we want to end up with a differential equation in i2,
So, we look at which equation has the fewest i1 terms, and we'll use that one.
The second equation here has only one i1 term, so we can solve that for i1.
Now this gets messy and I'm showing you all this for a point.
I want you to see that while this method is very straightforward it can get pretty
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Now, I need to clear the fractions.
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And what I'm doing here is, I'm distributing all these terms,
this term is the negative of this term, so we can cancel those out.
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Then what I want to do is start grouping terms according to s.
Single powers of S.
So I've got this one, this one, and this one, excuse me,
this one over here, I can write and show you those.
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Those are all three going to get grouped together into this coefficient.
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And then, to put this quadratic expression into standard form,
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Finally, I replace all the factors of s with d by dt, and I have what
And you can compare this to what we did with the direct method.
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Okay, to summarize this lesson, when using the operator method,
choose the most convenient circuit analysis technique for your circuit.
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Substitute d by dt with s, and the integral dt with 1 over s.
Then eliminate the unwanted variable through substitution and
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Finally, substitute s with d by dt and
Thank you.
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