VI.

ANALISIS DE DATOS

De la tabla N° 1

Sea X las medidas tomadas en cm

PARA EL LARGO DE LA MESA :

n X ∑ 𝑋𝑖
𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) =
1 𝑋1 = 298 𝑐𝑚 𝑛
2 𝑋2 = 299 𝑐𝑚
Remplazando datos:
3 𝑋3 = 298 𝑐𝑚
4 𝑋4 = 298.8 𝑐𝑚 298 + 299 + 298 + 298.8 + 298.6 + 298.9 + 298.8
𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) =
5 𝑋5 = 298.6 𝑐𝑚 7
6 𝑋6 = 298.9 𝑐𝑚
𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) = 298.59 𝑐𝑚
7 𝑋7 = 298.8 𝑐𝑚

Hallamos las desviaciones (𝑆𝑖 )

𝑆𝑖 = 𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋̅
𝑆1 (298.59-298)cm =0.59 cm
𝑆2 (299-298.59)cm =0.41 cm
𝑆3 (298.59-298)cm =0.59 cm
𝑆4 (298.8-298.59)cm =0.21 cm
𝑆5 (298.6-298.59)cm =0.01 cm
𝑆6 (298.9-298.59)cm =0.31 cm
𝑆7 (298.8-298.59)cm =0.21 cm

Hallando la desviación estándar:

∑ 𝑆𝑖 2
𝜎= √
𝑛−1

0.592 + 0.412 + 0.592 + 0.212 + 0.012 + 0.312 + 0.212

𝜎=√
7−1

1.0488
𝜎=√ = √0.1748
6

𝜎 = 0.42 𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝜎 = ∆𝑋(𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜) → 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 0.42 𝑐𝑚
El resultado se expresa como:

𝑋 = 𝑋̅ ± ∆𝑋
𝑋 = 298.59 𝑐𝑚 ± 0.42 𝑐𝑚
𝐸𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑅 𝑅𝐸𝐿𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑉𝑂
∆𝑋
𝑒𝑟 =
𝑋̅
0.42 𝑐𝑚
𝑒𝑟 = = 0.0014 … = 0.001
298.59 𝑐𝑚
𝑒𝑟 = 0.001
𝐸𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑅 𝑃𝑂𝑅𝐶𝐸𝑁𝑇𝑈𝐴𝐿
∆𝑋
𝑒% = 𝑒𝑟 𝑥100% =
𝑋̅
𝑒% = 0.001𝑥100%
𝑒% = 0.1%
PARA EL ANCHO DE LA MESA:

n X ∑ 𝑋𝑖
𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) =
1 𝑋1 = 135 𝑐𝑚 𝑛
2 𝑋2 = 134 𝑐𝑚
Remplazando datos:
3 𝑋3 = 134 𝑐𝑚
4 𝑋4 = 134.5 𝑐𝑚 135 + 134 + 134 + 134.5 + 134.4 + 134.5 + 134.3
5 𝑋5 = 134.4 𝑐𝑚 𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) =
7
6 𝑋6 = 134.5 𝑐𝑚
𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) = 134.39 𝑐𝑚
7 𝑋7 = 134.3 𝑐𝑚

Hallamos las desviaciones (𝑆𝑖 )

𝑆𝑖 = 𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋̅
𝑆1 (135-134.39)cm =0.61 cm
𝑆2 (134.39-134)cm =0.39 cm
𝑆3 (134.39-134)cm =0.39 cm
𝑆4 (134.5-134.39)cm =0.11 cm
𝑆5 (134.4-134.39)cm =0.01 cm
𝑆6 (134.5-134.39)cm =0.11 cm
𝑆7 (134.39-134.3)cm =0.09 cm

Hallando la desviación estándar:

 ∑ 𝑆𝑖 2
𝜎=√
𝑛−1

0.61 2 + 0.392 + 0.392 + 0.112 + 0.012 + 0.112 + 0.092

𝜎=√
7−1

0.7087
𝜎=√ = √0.118
6

𝜎 = 0.34 𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝜎 = ∆𝑋(𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜) → 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 0.34 𝑐𝑚

El resultado se expresa como:

𝑋 = 𝑋̅ ± ∆𝑋
𝑋 = 134.39 𝑐𝑚 ± 0.34 𝑐𝑚
𝐸𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑅 𝑅𝐸𝐿𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑉𝑂 𝐸𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑅 𝑃𝑂𝑅𝐶𝐸𝑁𝑇𝑈𝐴𝐿
∆𝑋 ∆𝑋
𝑒𝑟 = 𝑒% = 𝑒𝑟 𝑥100% =
𝑋̅ 𝑋̅
0.34 𝑐𝑚
𝑒𝑟 = = 0.0025 … = 0.002 𝑒% = 0.002𝑥100%
134.39 𝑐𝑚
𝑒% = 0.2%
𝑒𝑟 = 0.002

De la tabla N° 2

Sea X las medidas tomadas en mm

PARA LA ALTURA DEL CILINDRO:

n X ∑ 𝑋𝑖
1 𝑋1 = 66.72 𝑚𝑚 𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) =
𝑛
2 𝑋2 = 66.72 𝑚𝑚
Remplazando datos:
3 𝑋3 = 65.98 𝑚𝑚
4 𝑋4 = 65.94 𝑚𝑚 66.72 + 66.72 + 65.98 + 65.94 + 65.72 + 65.74 + 65.76
5 𝑋5 = 65.72 𝑚𝑚 𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) =
7
6 𝑋6 = 65.74 𝑚𝑚
7 𝑋7 = 65.76 𝑚𝑚 𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) = 66.08 𝑚𝑚
Hallamos las desviaciones (𝑆𝑖 )

𝑆𝑖 = 𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋̅
𝑆1 (66.72-66.08)mm =0.64 mm
𝑆2 (66.72-66.08)mm =0.64 mm
𝑆3 (66.08-65.98)mm =0.10 mm
𝑆4 (66.08-65.94)mm =0.14 mm
𝑆5 (66.08-65.72)mm =0.36 mm
𝑆6 (66.08-65.74)mm =0.34 mm
𝑆7 (66.08-65.76)mm =0.32 mm

Hallando la desviación estándar:

∑ 𝑆𝑖 2
𝜎= √
𝑛−1

0.64 2 + 0.64 2 + 0.102 + 0.142 + 0.362 + 0.342 + 0.32 2

𝜎=√
7−1

1.1964
𝜎=√ = √0.1994
6

𝜎 = 0.45 𝑚𝑚
∴ 𝜎 = ∆𝑋(𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜) → 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 0.45 𝑚𝑚

El resultado se expresa como:

𝑋 = 𝑋̅ ± ∆𝑋
𝑋 = 66.08 𝑚𝑚 ± 0.45 𝑚𝑚
𝐸𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑅 𝑅𝐸𝐿𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑉𝑂
∆𝑋
𝑒𝑟 =
𝑋̅
0.45 𝑚𝑚
𝑒𝑟 = = 0.0068 … = 0.006
66.08 𝑚𝑚
𝑒𝑟 = 0.006
 𝐸𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑅 𝑃𝑂𝑅𝐶𝐸𝑁𝑇𝑈𝐴𝐿
∆𝑋
𝑒% = 𝑒𝑟 𝑥100% =
𝑋̅
𝑒% = 0.006𝑥100%
𝑒% = 0.6%

PARA EL DIAMETRO DEL CILINDRO:

n X ∑ 𝑋𝑖
𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) =
1 𝑋1 = 34.62 𝑚𝑚 𝑛
2 𝑋2 = 35.52 𝑚𝑚
Remplazando datos:
3 𝑋3 = 33.76 𝑚𝑚
4 𝑋4 = 33.34 𝑚𝑚 34.62 + 35.52 + 33.76 + 33.34 + 33.74 + 32.42 + 32.72
5 𝑋5 = 33.74 𝑚𝑚 𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) =
7
6 𝑋6 = 32.42 𝑚𝑚
𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) = 33.73 𝑐𝑚
7 𝑋7 = 32.72 𝑚𝑚

Hallamos las desviaciones (𝑆𝑖 )

𝑆𝑖 = 𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋̅
𝑆1 (34.62-33.73)mm =0.89 mm
𝑆2 (35.52-33.73)mm =1.79 mm
𝑆3 (33.76-33.73)mm =0.03 mm
𝑆4 (33.73-33.34)mm =0.39 mm
𝑆5 (33.74-33.73)mm =0.01 mm
𝑆6 (33.73-32.42)mm =1.31 mm
𝑆7 (33.73-32.72)mm =1.01 mm

Hallando la desviación estándar:

∑ 𝑆𝑖 2
𝜎=√
𝑛−1

0.892 + 1.792 + 0.032 + 0.392 + 0.012 + 1.31 2 + 1.012

𝜎=√
7−1

6.8855
𝜎=√ = √1.1476
6
 𝜎 = 1.07 𝑚𝑚
∴ 𝜎 = ∆𝑋(𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜) → 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 1.07 𝑚𝑚

El resultado se expresa como:

𝑋 = 𝑋̅ ± ∆𝑋
𝑋 = 33.73 𝑚𝑚 ± 1.07 𝑚𝑚
𝐸𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑅 𝑅𝐸𝐿𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑉𝑂 𝐸𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑅 𝑃𝑂𝑅𝐶𝐸𝑁𝑇𝑈𝐴𝐿
∆𝑋 ∆𝑋
𝑒𝑟 = 𝑒% = 𝑒𝑟 𝑥100% =
𝑋̅ 𝑋̅
1.07 𝑚𝑚
𝑒𝑟 = = 0.03172 … = 0.03 𝑒% = 0.03𝑥100%
33.73 𝑚𝑚
𝑒% = 3%
𝑒𝑟 = 0.03

De la tabla N° 3

Sea X las medidas tomadas en mm

PARA EL DIAMETRO DE LA ESFERA METALICA:

n X ∑ 𝑋𝑖
1 𝑋1 = 29.84 𝑚𝑚 𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) =
𝑛
2 𝑋2 = 29.86 𝑚𝑚
Remplazando datos:
3 𝑋3 = 29.64 𝑚𝑚
4 𝑋4 = 29.64 𝑚𝑚 29.84 + 29.86 + 29.64 + 29.64 + 29.68 + 29.82 + 29.84
5 𝑋5 = 29.68 𝑚𝑚 𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) =
7
6 𝑋6 = 29.82 𝑚𝑚
7 𝑋7 = 29.84 𝑚𝑚 𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) = 29.76 𝑚𝑚

Hallamos las desviaciones (𝑆𝑖 )

𝑆𝑖 = 𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋̅
𝑆1 (29.84-29.76)mm =0.08 mm
𝑆2 (29.86-29.76)mm =0.10 mm
𝑆3 (29.76-29.64)mm =0.12 mm
𝑆4 (29.76-29.64)mm =0.12 mm
𝑆5 (29.76-29.68)mm =0.08 mm
𝑆6 (29.82-29.76)mm =0.06 mm
𝑆7 (29.84-29.76)mm =0.08 mm
Hallando la desviación estándar:

∑ 𝑆𝑖 2
𝜎=√
𝑛−1

0.08 2 + 0.102 + 0.122 + 0.122 + 0.082 + 0.062 + 0.08 2

𝜎=√
7−1

0.0616
𝜎=√ = √0.056
6

𝜎 = 0.24 𝑚𝑚
∴ 𝜎 = ∆𝑋(𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜) → 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 0.24 𝑚𝑚

El resultado se expresa como:

𝑋 = 𝑋̅ ± ∆𝑋
𝑋 = 29.76 𝑚𝑚 ± 0.24 𝑚𝑚
𝐸𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑅 𝑅𝐸𝐿𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑉𝑂
∆𝑋
𝑒𝑟 =
𝑋̅
0.24 𝑐𝑚
𝑒𝑟 = = 0.00806 … = 0.008
29.76 𝑐𝑚
𝑒𝑟 = 0.008

𝐸𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑅 𝑃𝑂𝑅𝐶𝐸𝑁𝑇𝑈𝐴𝐿
∆𝑋
𝑒% = 𝑒𝑟 𝑥100% =
𝑋̅
𝑒% = 0.008𝑥100%
𝑒% = 0.8%
PARA EL RADIO DE LA ESFERA METALICA:

n X ∑ 𝑋𝑖
𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) =
1 𝑋1 = 14.92 𝑚𝑚 𝑛
2 𝑋2 = 14.93 𝑚𝑚
Remplazando datos:
3 𝑋3 = 14.82 𝑚𝑚
4 𝑋4 = 14.82 𝑚𝑚 14.92 + 14.93 + 14.82 + 14.82 + 14.84 + 14.91 + 14.92
𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) =
5 𝑋5 = 14.84 𝑚𝑚 7
6 𝑋6 = 14.91 𝑚𝑚
𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) = 14.79 𝑚𝑚
7 𝑋7 = 14.92 𝑚𝑚

Hallamos las desviaciones (𝑆𝑖 )

𝑆𝑖 = 𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋̅
𝑆1 (14.92-14.79)mm =0.13 mm
𝑆2 (14.93-14.79)mm =0.14 mm
𝑆3 (14.82-14.79)mm =0.03 mm
𝑆4 (14.82-14.79)mm =0.03 mm
𝑆5 (14.84-14.79)mm =0.05 mm
𝑆6 (14.91-14.79)mm =0.12 mm
𝑆7 (14.92-14.79)mm =0.13 mm

Hallando la desviación estándar:

∑ 𝑆𝑖 2
𝜎= √
𝑛−1

0.132 + 0.142 + 0.032 + 0.032 + 0.052 + 0.12 2 + 0.132

𝜎=√
7−1

0.0721
𝜎=√ = √0.0120
6

𝜎 = 0.11 𝑚𝑚
∴ 𝜎 = ∆𝑋(𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜) → 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 0.11 𝑚𝑚

El resultado se expresa como:

𝑋 = 𝑋̅ ± ∆𝑋
𝑋 = 14.79 𝑚𝑚 ± 0.11 𝑚𝑚
 𝐸𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑅 𝑅𝐸𝐿𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑉𝑂
∆𝑋
𝑒𝑟 =
𝑋̅
0.11 𝑚𝑚
𝑒𝑟 = = 0.0074 … = 0.007
14.79 𝑚𝑚
𝑒𝑟 = 0.007
𝐸𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑅 𝑃𝑂𝑅𝐶𝐸𝑁𝑇𝑈𝐴𝐿
∆𝑋
𝑒% = 𝑒𝑟 𝑥100% =
𝑋̅
𝑒% = 0.007𝑥100%
𝑒% = 0.7%
De la tabla N° 4

Sea X las medidas tomadas en mm

PARA EL GROSOR DE LA HOJA:

n X ∑ 𝑋𝑖
1 𝑋1 = 0.07 𝑚𝑚 𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) =
𝑛
2 𝑋2 = 0.07 𝑚𝑚
Remplazando datos:
3 𝑋3 = 0.07 𝑚𝑚
4 𝑋4 = 0.09 𝑚𝑚 0.07 + 0.07 + 0.07 + 0.09 + 0.09 + 0.09 + 0.08
5 𝑋5 = 0.09 𝑚𝑚 𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) =
7
6 𝑋6 = 0.09 𝑚𝑚
7 𝑋7 = 0.08 𝑚𝑚 𝑋̅(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜) = 0.08 𝑚𝑚

Hallamos las desviaciones (𝑆𝑖 )

𝑆𝑖 = 𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋̅
𝑆1 (0.08-0.07)mm =0.01 mm
𝑆2 (0.08-0.07)mm =0.01 mm
𝑆3 (0.08-0.07)mm =0.01 mm
𝑆4 (0.09-0.08)mm =0.01 mm
𝑆5 (0.09-0.08)mm =0.01 mm
𝑆6 (0.09-0.08)mm =0.01 mm
𝑆7 (0.08-0.08)mm =0.00 mm
Hallando la desviación estándar:

∑ 𝑆𝑖 2
𝜎= √
𝑛−1

0.01 2 + 0.012 + 0.012 + 0.012 + 0.012 + 0.012 + 0.00 2

𝜎=√
7−1

0.0006
𝜎=√ = √0.0001
6

𝜎 = 0.01 𝑚𝑚
∴ 𝜎 = ∆𝑋(𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜) → 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 0.01 𝑚𝑚

El resultado se expresa como:

𝑋 = 𝑋̅ ± ∆𝑋
𝑋 = 0.08 𝑚𝑚 ± 0.01 𝑚𝑚
𝐸𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑅 𝑅𝐸𝐿𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑉𝑂
∆𝑋
𝑒𝑟 =
𝑋̅
0.01 𝑚𝑚
𝑒𝑟 = = 0.125
0.08 𝑚𝑚
𝑒𝑟 = 0.13
𝐸𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑅 𝑃𝑂𝑅𝐶𝐸𝑁𝑇𝑈𝐴𝐿
∆𝑋
𝑒% = 𝑒𝑟 𝑥100% =
𝑋̅
𝑒% = 0.13𝑥100%
𝑒% = 13%