CAPE 2017 Paper 2 SOLUTIONS

QUESTION 1

(a) (i) ~𝑝 ∨ 𝑞

(ii) 𝑝 → ~𝑞

(b) (i) ∗ is commutative since 2 ∗ 1 = 1 ∗ 2 The table is symmetric about the diagonal hence * is commutative or
showing that a*b =b*a for all a,b.
(ii) 1 ∗ 3 = 1

2∗3 =2 3*a=a*3 for all a in {1, 2,3,4} therefore 3 is the identity element of *.

3∗3 =3

4∗3 =4

(c) (i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 9𝑥 − 11𝑥 + 𝑏 (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 9𝑥 − 11𝑥 − 30

𝑓(2) = 0

𝑎(2) + 9(2) − 11(2) + 𝑏 = 0

8𝑎 + 𝑏 = −14

𝑓(−2) = 12
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 + 13𝑥 + 15)
𝑎(−2) + 9(−2) − 11(−2) + 𝑏 = 12
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 5)
−8𝑎 + 𝑏 = −46
3
𝑥 = −5, − , 2
2
2𝑏 = −60

𝑏 = −30

𝑎=2

(d) Let 𝑃 : ∑ 8𝑟 = 4𝑛(𝑛 + 1) ∀𝑛∈ℕ

𝑃 : 8(1) = 4(1)(1 + 1)

8=8

Therefore 𝑃 is true.

40
 Assume 𝑃 is true for 𝑛 = 𝑘

𝑃 : 8𝑟 = 4𝑘(𝑘 + 1)

𝑃 : 8𝑟 = 4(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)

𝑃 = 𝑃 + (𝑘 + 1)term

= 4𝑘(𝑘 + 1) + 8(𝑘 + 1)

= (𝑘 + 1)(4𝑘 + 8)

= 4(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)

Therefore 𝑃 is true ∀ 𝑃 is true.

Hence by mathematical induction 8 + 11 + 24 + 32 + ⋯ + 8𝑛 = 4𝑛(𝑛 + 1) for all 𝑛 ∈ ℕ.

QUESTION 2

2. (a) (i) (𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑎 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏

𝑎+𝑏 1 Therefore
ln = (ln 𝑎 + ln 𝑏)
4 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 14𝑎𝑏
𝑎+𝑏 1
ln = (ln 𝑎𝑏) 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 14𝑎𝑏 = 0
4 2
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑏 − 16𝑎𝑏 = 0
ln = ln(𝑎𝑏)
4
(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 16𝑎𝑏
𝑎+𝑏
= √𝑎𝑏 (𝑎 + 𝑏)
4 = 𝑎𝑏
16
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 4√𝑎𝑏
𝑎+𝑏
(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 16𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏
4
𝑎 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 = 16𝑎𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
ln = ln 𝑎𝑏
4
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 14𝑎𝑏
𝑎+𝑏
2 ln = ln 𝑎 + ln 𝑏
4
Alternately 𝑎+𝑏 1
ln = (ln 𝑎 + ln 𝑏)
4 2

41
(ii) 2 + 3(2 ) = 4 1
2 =
3
1
+ 3(2 ) = 4 1
2 ln 2 = ln
3
1
+ 3𝑦 − 4 = 0 1
𝑦 ln
𝑥= 3 = − ln 3
3𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 1 = 0 ln 2 ln 2

(3𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 − 1) = 0 2 =1
𝑥=0
1
𝑦= ,1
3

(b)

(c) 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = − = 0

𝑐
𝛼𝛽 + 𝛼𝛾 + 𝛽𝛾 = =3
𝑎
𝑑
𝛼𝛽𝛾 = − = −2
𝑎

𝑥 − (𝛼𝛽 + 𝛼𝛾 + 𝛽𝛾)𝑥 + (𝛼𝛽)(𝛼𝛾) + (𝛼𝛽)(𝛽𝛾) + (𝛼𝛾)(𝛽𝛾) 𝑥 − (𝛼𝛽)(𝛼𝛾)(𝛽𝛾) = 0

𝛼𝛽 + 𝛼𝛾 + 𝛽𝛾 = 3

(𝛼𝛽)(𝛼𝛾) + (𝛼𝛽)(𝛽𝛾) + (𝛼𝛾)(𝛽𝛾)

= 𝛼 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛽 𝛼𝛾 + 𝛾 𝛼𝛽

= (𝛼𝛽𝛾)(𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾)

= (−2)(0)

42
 =0

(𝛼𝛽)(𝛼𝛾)(𝛽𝛾)

= (𝛼𝛽𝛾)

= (−2)

=4

𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 4 = 0

QUESTION 3

3. (a) (i) tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) = (ii) sin 𝐴 =

3
sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) tan 𝐴 =
4
cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) 1
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + sin 𝐵 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 = −
2
=
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 tan 𝐵 = −√3
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 sin 𝐵 cos 𝐴
= +
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐵
÷ − tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 1 − tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵
tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐵 3
+ −√3
=
1 − tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 = 4
3
1− −√3
4

ALTERNATELY 3 3√3
= − √3 ÷ 1 +
4 4

tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐵 3 − 4√3 4 + 3√3

= ×
1 − tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 4 4
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 3 − 4√3
= + ÷ 1− =
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 4 + 3√3
3 − 4√3 4 − 3√3
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + sin 𝐵 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵
=
= ÷ 4 + 3√3 4 − 3√3
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵
12 − 9√3 − 16√3 + 36
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + sin 𝐵 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 16 − 27
= ×
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 48 − 25√3
=
−11
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + sin 𝐵 cos 𝐴 48 25√3
= =− +
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 11 11
sin(𝐴 + 𝐵)
=
cos(𝐴 + 𝐵)
= tan(𝐴 + 𝐵)

43
 (b) sin 𝜃 − 2 cos 𝜃 + 3 cos 𝜃 + 5 = 0 cos 𝜃 = −1
(1 − cos 𝜃) − 2 cos 𝜃 + 3 cos 𝜃 + 5 = 0 𝜃=𝜋
−3 cos 𝜃 + 3 cos 𝜃 + 6 = 0 𝜃 = 3𝜋
cos 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 − 2 = 0 By using the graph of cos 𝜃.
(cos 𝜃 − 2)(cos 𝜃 + 1) = 0

(c) (i) 𝑓(𝜃) = 6 cos 𝜃 + 8 sin 𝜃 (ii) 10 sin(𝜃 + 36.87°) = 2

𝑟 = √6 + 8 = 10 sin(𝜃 + 36.87°) = 0.2
6 𝑅𝐴 = sin (0.2) = 11.54°
𝛼 = tan = 36.87° 𝐼: 𝜃 + 36.87° = 11.54°
8
𝑓(𝜃) = 10 sin(𝜃 + 36.87°) 𝜃 = −25.33°
𝐼𝐼: 𝜃 + 36.87° = 180° − 11.54°
= 168.46°
𝜃 = 131.59°
General solution:
𝜃 = −25.33 + 360°𝑛, 𝑛 ∈ ℤ
𝜃 = 131.69° + 360°𝑛, 𝑛 ∈ ℤ

QUESTION 4

(a) (i) 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2 = 0 (ii) 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2 = 0

(𝑥 − 2) + (𝑦 + 1) = 2 + 4 + 1 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 3 → 𝑥 = 3 − 3𝑦

(𝑥 − 2) + (𝑦 + 1) = 7 (3 − 3𝑦) + 𝑦 − 4(3 − 3𝑦) + 2𝑦 − 2 = 0

Centre (2, −1) 9𝑦 − 18𝑦 + 9 + 𝑦 − 12 + 12𝑦 + 2𝑦 − 2 = 0

Radius of 𝐶 = 10𝑦 − 4𝑦 − 5 = 0

2 − (−1) + −1 − (−2) = √10 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐

𝐶 : (𝑥 − 2) + (𝑦 + 1) = 10 (−4) − 4(10)(−5) > 0

Since discriminant is positive the

quadratic has 2 distinct roots therefore
the 𝐿 cannot be a tangent to 𝐶 .

(b) (i) 𝑃𝑄⃗ = −2𝑖 − 3𝑗 + 2𝑘

(ii) 𝑟. 𝑛 = 𝑎. 𝑛
𝑥 −2 1 −2
𝑦 . −3 = −2 . −3
𝑧 2 4 2
−2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = −2 + 6 + 8

−2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 12

44
(c) 𝐿 = −𝑖 + 𝑗 − 2𝑘 + 𝛼(−2𝑖 + 𝑗 − 3𝑘) Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously

𝐿 = −2𝑖 + 𝑗 − 4𝑘 + 𝛽(𝑖 − 𝑗 + 𝑘) 2𝛼 + 𝛽 = 1

−𝑖 + 𝑗 − 2𝑘 − 2𝛼𝑖 + 𝛼𝑗 − 3𝛼𝑘 𝛼+𝛽 =0

= −2𝑖 + 𝑗 − 4𝑘 + 𝛽𝑖 − 𝛽𝑗
+ 𝛽𝑘 𝛼=1

(−1 − 2𝛼)𝑖 = (−2 + 𝛽)𝑖 𝛽 = −1

−1 − 2𝛼 = −2 + 𝛽 Checking in (3)

2𝛼 + 𝛽 = 1 (1) 3(1) + (−1) = 2

Therefore 𝐿 and 𝐿 intersect.

(1 + 𝛼)𝑗 = (1 − 𝛽)𝑗 (ii) 𝐿 = −𝑖 + 𝑗 − 2𝑘 − 2𝑖 + 𝑗 − 3𝑘 since 𝛼 =

1
1+𝛼 =1−𝛽
𝐿 = −3𝑖 + 2𝑗 − 5𝑘
𝛼+𝛽 =0 (2)
When 𝛽 = −1

𝐿 = −2𝑖 + 𝑗 − 4𝑘 − 𝑖 + 𝑗 − 𝑘
(−2 − 3𝛼)𝑘 = (−4 + 𝛽)𝑘
𝐿 = −3𝑖 + 2𝑗 − 5𝑘
−2 − 3𝛼 = −4 + 𝛽
Point of intersection is −3𝑖 + 2𝑗 − 5𝑘
3𝛼 + 𝛽 = 2 (3)

QUESTION 5

(a) lim =𝑘 lim 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑘

→
→

(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1) 1 +1 +1 +1+1=𝑘
lim =𝑘
→ 𝑥−1 5=𝑘

45
(b) (i) 𝑥 = 5𝑡 + 3, 𝑦 = 𝑡 − 𝑡 + 2 When 𝑡 = 0

𝑑𝑥 𝑥 = 5(0) + 3 = 3
=5
𝑑𝑡
𝑦=0 −0 +2=2
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑡 − 2𝑡 (3, 2)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
= ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
When 𝑡 =
𝑑𝑦 3𝑡 − 2𝑡
=
𝑑𝑥 5 2 19
𝑥=5 +3=
3 3
(ii) =0
2 2 50
3𝑡 − 2𝑡 = 0 𝑦= − +2=
3 3 27
𝑡(3𝑡 − 2) = 0 19 50
,
3 27
2
𝑡 = 0,
3

(c) (i) (a) 𝑦 = √2 + 2𝑥 = (2 + 2𝑥 ) (b) = 2(2 + 2𝑥 ) + 2𝑥 − (2 + 2𝑥 ) (4𝑥)

𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑 𝑦
= (2 + 2𝑥 ) (4𝑥) = 2(2 + 2𝑥) − 4𝑥 (2 + 2𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑥(2 + 2𝑥 ) 𝑑 𝑦 4
𝑑𝑥 −
𝑑𝑥 𝑦

= 2(2 + 2𝑥 ) − 4𝑥 (2 + 2𝑥 ) − 4 (2 + 2𝑥 )
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 − 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
= 2(2 + 2𝑥 ) − 4𝑥 (2 + 2𝑥 ) − 4(2 + 2𝑥 )
= (2 + 2𝑥 ) 2𝑥(2 + 2𝑥 ) − 2𝑥
= 2(2 + 2𝑥 ) [2 + 2𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 2]
= 2𝑥 − 2𝑥

=0 = 2(2 + 2𝑥 ) (0)

=0

(ii) when 𝑥 = 0

= 2 2 + 2(0) − 4(0) (2 + 2(0) )

= √2

46
QUESTION 6

(a) (i) Equation of 𝑄𝑅

3−2
𝑚= = −1
3−4
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 (3, 3) 𝑚 = −1

3 = −1(3) + 𝑐

𝑐=6

𝑦 = −𝑥 + 6

(ii) Equation of 𝑃𝑄 Equation of 𝑃𝑅

3−1 2 2−1 1
𝑚= = 𝑚= =
3−0 3 4−0 4
2 1
𝑦= 𝑥+1 𝑦= 𝑥+1
3 4

(iii) ∫ 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ −𝑥 + 6 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

2 𝑥 3 𝑥 4 1 𝑥 4
= +𝑥 + − + 6𝑥 − +𝑥
3 2 0 2 3 4 2 0

(3) 0 4 3 4 0
= +3 − +0 + − + 6(4) − − + 6(3) − +4 − +0
3 3 2 2 8 8

27
= (6 − 0) + 16 − − (6 − 0)
2
5
=
2

47
(c) ∫ [3𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥 = 5 (1) × 2: 6𝑚 + 2𝑛 = 10

(2) 5𝑚 − 2𝑛 = 1
and ∫ [5𝑓(𝑥) − 2𝑔(𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥 = 1
11𝑚 = 11

[3𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥 = 5 𝑚=1

𝑛=2

3 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 5
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 1

5 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − 2 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 1
𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 2

Let ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑚 and ∫ 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑛

3𝑚 + 𝑛 = 5 (1)

5𝑚 − 2𝑛 = 1 (2)

48