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Arranging all the elements by their atomic number and their properties led to the creation of…
…the Periodic Table
The group number indicates “How many electrons in the outermost shell”
The period number indicates “How many (total number) shells the atom has”
Metals Non-Metals
Shiny Dull
High Melting & boiling point. Except Low Melting & boiling point. Except Br2
Hg is a liquid is a liquid
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Atom ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Element …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Lithium 3 180
Sodium 11 98
Potassium 19 63
Rubidium 37 39
Casesium 55 29 4
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K + __________________________________
Rb + _________________________________
All of them react vigorously with water giving hydrogen gas and an alkaline solution of
the hydroxide.
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C
They are nonmetals and Diatomic L
O
R
I
N
E
1) All elements have 7 electrons in the outer shell:
F: 2,7 Cl: 2,8,7 Br: 2,8,18,7 etc.
2) So they tend to gain electrons and form -1 ions (Anions)
3)
Fluorine 9 -220
Chlorine 17 -101
Bromine 35 -7
Iodine 53 113
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A more reactive Halogen will DISPLACE a less reactive Halogen from a solution of its
salt.
This is called Displacement Reaction.
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Catalyst: A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of reaction without taking part
in the reaction
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Element Uses
He Used in Baloons
Ar Used in Bulbs
Used in welding
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