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Glyphosate Plot Study

Soil (mg/kg) Soil (mg/kg) Soil (mg/kg)


Before After After (Sankani)
Description
Glyphosate applied 4.5980
24 hour after Glyphosate application - R(1) 4.5980 4.3207 3.5021
3 days after Glyphosate application - R(2) 4.3207 3.8892 3.4298
7 days after Glyphosate application - R(3) 3.8892 3.8447 3.4224
14 days after Glyphosate application - R(4) 3.8447 3.8015 3.4219
28 days after Glyphosate application - R(5) 3.8015 3.7643 3.4219
35 days after Glyphosate application - R(6) 3.7643 3.6671 3.4218

TSP Plot Study - Glyhpo

Soil (mg/kg) Soil (mg/kg) Soil (mg/kg)


Before After After (Sankani)
Description
Glyphosate applied 4.5980
24 hour after Glyphosate application - R(1) 4.5980 4.3469 3.5142
3 days after Glyphosate application - R(2) 4.3469 3.9473 3.4301
7 days after Glyphosate application - R(3) 3.9473 3.7789 3.4219
28 days after TSP(8L) application(5)R 3.7789 3.7789 3.2869
14 days after Glyphosate application - R(4) 3.7789 3.7335
28 days after Glyphosate application - R(5) 3.7335 3.6911 3.1201
35 days after Glyphosate application - R(6) 3.6911 3.5069 3.032

TSP 1 - (4)R 0
TSP 2 - (5)R 0.057

Soil

Density 1546.99 kg/m-3 355.83 mg/m2

1.76g/cm3 1440

Setup Geometry Dimensions


1.2m*1m*0.2m
Glyphosate retaining soil depth 50mm
Assumed Values
Analysis Lab values
Calculated values

Glyphosate Reasearch -
Glyphosate Content in Surface Water and Gr

0.7
1; 0.660

0.6
2; 0.550

0.5
Water Concentration(mg/l)

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1
3; 0.039
2; 0.018 3; 0.025
1; 0
0
0 1 2 3

Rain N
Gl yphoste Surface Water
Glyphosate Plot Study - Glyphosate Suraj

Surface water Groundwater


Surface water Surface water Groundwater Groundwater
(mg/L) (mg/L)
(mg/L) (L) (mg/L) (L)
(Sankani) (Sankani)

0.66 0.239 39 0 0.203 0


0.550 0.112 72.000 0.018 0.03 25.25
0.039 0.011 88 0.025 0 28
0.038 0 82 0.027 0 33
0.036 0 96 0 0 18
0.096 0 94 0 0 15

TSP Plot Study - Glyhposate + TSP Chirath

Surface water Groundwater


Surface water (mg/L) Surface water Groundwater (mg/L) Groundwater
(mg/L) (Sankani) (L) (mg/L) (Sankani) (L)

0.63 0.228 37 0 0.193 0


0.535 0.131 68.000 0.026 0.04 27.25
0.18 0.012 84 0.016 0 32
0 0.179 0 0 0.098 4
0.052 81 0 35
0.041 0.215 96 0 0.104 20
0.19 0.098 90 0 0.087 18

426.996 1acre = 4046.856m2

0.3558317865
sate Reasearch -
ace Water and Ground Water(mg/l)

6; 0.096

3; 0.039 4;
4; 0.038
0.027 5; 0.036
3; 0.025
5; 0 6; 0
3 4 5 6 7

Rain Number
Gl yphoste Surface Water Gl yphos ate Ground Water

Glypho

0.7

0.6
Glypho

0.7

0.6

0.5

Water Concentration(mg/l)
0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 1

Gl yphos ate + TSP


Mass Balancing For Glyphosate(Ignori
Total
Absorbed water Remaining
Rain Rain
to Soil (L)

426.788
81 R(1) 1 R(1) 426.788
22.75 R(2) 2 R(2) 401.048
4 R(3) 3 R(3) 360.994
4 R(4) 4 R(4) 356.862
6 R(5) 5 R(5) 352.855
9 R(6) 6 R(6) 349.399

Mass Balancing For Glyphosate(Ignori


Total
Absorbed water Remaining
Rain
(L)

426.788
83 R(1) R(1) 426.788
24.75 R(2) R(2) 403.478
4 R(3) R(3) 366.390
4 R(4) * R(4) 350.758
4 TSP R(5) * Before TSP R(5) 350.758
R(5) * R(5) 346.546
12 R(6) * R(6) 342.610

Concentration
Glyphosate Rounup concentration 360g/L applied
In Plot 53.374mg/L
applied(L)
Glyphosate 8L
applied(mg)
Glyphosate
Hardness as per
CaCO3 426.996mg
In Plot 255mg/L
Glyphosate + TSP
Glyphosate Content in Surface W

0.7
1; 0.630

0.6
2; 0.535

0.5
Water Concentration(mg/l)

0.4

0.3

0.2 3; 0.180

0.096
0.1

2; 0.026 3; 0.016
6; 0 1; 0 4
0
6 7 0 1 2 3
Rain

Gl yphos ate + TSP Surfa ce Water

Glyphosate Content in Surface Water and Ground Water(mg/l)

0.7

0.6
Glyphosate Content in Surface Water and Ground Water(mg/l)

0.7

0.6

0.5
Water Concentration(mg/l)

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Rain Number

Gl yphos ate + TSP Surfa ce Water Gl yphos ate + TSP Ground Water Gl yphos ate Surfa ce Water Gl yphos ate Gro
Balancing For Glyphosate(Ignoring AMPA Concentration)
Soil (mg) Surface Groundwater Total Total sprayed
water (mg) Glyphosate
(mg) (mg) Mrs. Sanakani Chirath
426.788 0 0 426.788 426.788 426.788 ? ok no
401.048 25.74 0 426.788 426.788 402.7415 14.6985 9.2365 405.254
360.994 39.6 0.4545 401.048 426.788 394.427 7.448 0.819 401.0775
356.862 3.432 0.7 360.9935 426.788 393.576 0.7502 0 398.8015
352.855 3.116 0.891 356.8615 426.788 393.5185 0 0 397.2625
349.399 3.456 0 352.8545 426.788 393.5185 0 0 395.2465
340.375 9.024 0 349.3985 426.788 393.507 0 0 394.1665
84.368 2.0455 22.8967 10.0555
426.788 426.4592
426.788
s Balancing For Glyphosate(Ignoring AMPA Concentration)
0.3288
Soil (mg) Surface Groundwater Total Total sprayed
water (mg) Glyphosate
(mg) (mg) Mrs. Sankani Suraj
426.788 0 0 426.788 426.788 no no no
403.478 23.31 0 426.788 426.788 404.133 14.25 8.3955 401.048
366.390 36.38 0.7085 403.478 426.788 394.4615 8.5805 0.78 360.9935
350.758 15.12 0.512 366.3895 426.788 393.5185 0.8316 0 356.8615
350.758 0 0 350.7575 426.788 377.9935 12.7806 2.7048 352.8545
346.546 4.212 0 350.7575 426.788 377.9935 352.8545
342.610 3.936 0 346.5455 426.788 358.8115 15.8025 3.068 349.3985
325.510 17.1 0 342.6095 427.788 348.68 7.5852 2.4795 340.3745
100.058 1.2205 59.8304 17.4278
426.788 425.9382

4L/acre mg/ m2 355.831786453


Glyphosate + TSP Reasearch -
ontent in Surface Water and Ground Water(mg/l)

535

3; 0.180 7; 0.190

5; 0.052 6; 0.041
026 3; 0.016
4; 4;
0.000
0 5; 0 6; 0 7; 0
3 4 5 6 7 8
Rain Number

Gl yphos ate + TSP Surfa ce Water Gl yphos ate + TSP Ground Water

Ground Water(mg/l)
Ground Water(mg/l)

5 6 7 8

e Surfa ce Water Gl yphos ate Ground Water


G ly p h o sa te M a ss in S u rfa ce W a ter (m g )
G ly p h o sa te M a ss in G ro u n d W a ter (m g )
Chirath
? ok
21.534 0
3.468 0.7085
1.764 0.512
1.539 0
2.016 0
1.08 0

Suraj

25.74 0
39.6 0.4545
3.432 0.7
3.116 0.891
3.116 0.891
3.456 0
9.024 0
Rainfall Da Soil(mg-300mg)
Without Hardness(Sankani) Hardness Hardness + TSP
1 126.788 126.79 126.788
1.25 102.7415 101.048 103.478
2 0 0 0
3 102.7415 101.048 103.478
3.25 94.427 60.994 66.39
4 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
7 94.427 60.994 66.39
7.25 93.576 56.862 50.758
8 0 0 0
9 0 0 0
10 0 0 0
11 0 0 0
12 0 0 0
13 0 0 0
14 93.576 56.862 50.758
14.25 93.5185 52.855 50.758
15 0 0 0
16 0 0 0
17 0 0 0
18 0 0 0
19 0 0 0
20 0 0 0
21 0 0 0
22 0 0 0
23 0 0 0
24 0 0 0
25 0 0 0
26 0 0 0
27 0 0 0
28 93.5185 52.855 50.758
28.25 93.5485 49.399 42.61
29 0 0 0
30 0 0 0
31 0 0 0
32 0 0 0
33 0 0 0
34 0 0 0
35 93.5485 52.855 42.61
35.25 93.507 40.375 25.51
36 0 0 0
37 0 0 0
38 0 0 0
39 0 0 0
40 0 0 0

D
Glyphosate Mass in Soil(mg)

140

120

100

80

60

40

G 20R R R
A F F F
E01 E02 E03
0
1 1.25 2 3 3.25 4 5 6 7 7.25 8 9 10 11 12

Glyphosate in soil without Hardness


0
1 1.25 2 3 3.25 4 5 6 7 7.25 8 9 10 11 12

Glyphosate in soil without Hardness


G ly p h o sa te M a ss in S u rfa ce W a ter (m g )

Days V
40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
1 1.25 2 3 3.25 4 5 6 7 7.25 8 9 10 11

Glyphosate in Surface water without Hardness G


Glyphosate in Surface water without Hardness G
G ly p h o sa te M a ss in G ro u n d W a ter (m g )

Days V
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1 1.25 2 3 3.25 4 5 6 7 7.25 8 9 10 11

Glyphosate in Ground water without Hardness G


Suraj
SW(mg-300mg) GW(mg)
Without Hardness(Sankani) Hardness Hardness + TSP Without Hardness(Sankani)
0 0 0 0
14.6985 25.74 23.31 9.23
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
7.448 39.6 36.38 0.819
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0.7502 3.432 15.12 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 3.116 4.212 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 3.456 3.936 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 9.024 17.1 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

Days Vs Glyphosate mass in Soil(mg)

R
F
E04

7.25 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14.25 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Rainfall(Day)
sate in soil without Hardness Glyphosate in soil with Hardness Glyphosate wi
7.25 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14.25 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Rainfall(Day)
sate in soil without Hardness Glyphosate in soil with Hardness Glyphosate wi

Days Vs Glyphosate mass in Surface Water(mg)

5 4 5 6 7 7.25 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14.25
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28.25
29 30

Rainfall(Day)
water without Hardness Glyphosate in Surface Water with Hardness Glyphosate mass
Rainfall(Day)
water without Hardness Glyphosate in Surface Water with Hardness Glyphosate mass

Days Vs Glyphosate mass in Ground Water (mg)

5 4 5 6 7 7.25 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14.25
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28.25
29 30

Rainfall(Day)
water without Hardness Glyphosate in Ground water with Hardness Glyhposate mass
Rainfall
Intesity = 120L/ 3h

GW(mg) Total Sprayed


Hardness Hardness + TSP Glyphosate= 426.788mg
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0.4545 0.7085
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0.7 0.512
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0.891 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0

Soil(mg)

s
es
dn
H ar
o ut
i th
w
il
R so
in
F te
o sa
E05 h
yp
Gl
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28.25 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 35.25

Glyphosate with Hardness and TSP


Gl
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28.25 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 35.25

Glyphosate with Hardness and TSP

ce Water(mg)

25 26 27 28 28.25
29 30 31 32 33 34 35 35.25

s Glyphosate mass in Surface water with hardness and TSP


33 34 35 35.25

s Glyphosate mass in Surface water with hardness and TSP

nd Water (mg)

25 26 27 28 28.25
29 30 31 32 33 34 35 35.25

s Glyhposate mass in Ground Water with Hardness and TSP


s
es
dn
H ar
o ut
i th
w
il
so R
in
at
e F
os E06
Chirath
Days Soil(mg) SW(mg)
Without Hardness(Sankani) Hardness Without Hardness(Sankani)
1 404.133 403.478 14.25

2 0 0 0
3 394.461 366.39 8.5805

4 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
7 393.518 350.758 0.8316

8 0 0 0
9 0 0 0
10 0 0 0
11 0 0 0
12 0 0 0
13 0 0 0
14 377.9935 350.758 12.7806

15 0 0 0
16 0 0 0
17 0 0 0
18 0 0 0
19 0 0 0
20 0 0 0
21 0 0 0
22 0 0 0
23 0 0 0
24 0 0 0
25 0 0 0
26 0 0 0
27 0 0 0
28 358.8115 342.61 15.8025

29 0 0 0
30 0 0 0
31 0 0 0
32 0 0 0
33 0 0 0
34 0 0 0
35 348.68 325.51 7.5852

Days Vs Glypho
Glyphosate Mass in Soil(mg)

450

404.133
403.478
400 394.461 393.518
377.9935
366.39
350.758 350.758
350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
1 2 030 4 5 060 070 080 9 10 0110 0120 0130 0140 0150 0160 17 18

Rainfall
Gl yphos ate i n soi l wi thout Har
0
1 2 030 4 5 060 070 080 9 10 0110 0120 0130 0140 0150 0160 17 18

Rainfall
Gl yphos ate i n soi l wi thout Har

Glyphosate Mass in Surface Water (mg)

Days Vs Glyphosate m
40

36.38

35

30

25
23.31

20

15.12
15 14.25
12.7806

10
8.5805

0.8316
0
1 2 030 4 5 060 070 080 9 10 0110 0120 0130 0140 0150 0160 17 18

Rainfall
Glyphos ate in Surfa ce water without Ha r
1 2 030 4 5 060 070 080 9 10 0110 0120 0130 0140 0150 0160 17 18

Rainfall
Glyphos ate in Surfa ce water without Ha r

Glyphosate Mass in Ground Water (mg)

Days Vs Glyphosate m
90

80 78

70

60

50

40

30

20

108.3955

2.7048
0.7085 0.512
0
10 2 030 4 5 060 070 080 09 10 0110 0120 0130 0140 0150 0160 170 18

Rainfall
Gl yphos ate i n Ground water wi thout Har
W(mg) GW(mg)
Hardness Without Hardness(Sankani) Hardness
23.31 8.3955 0

0 0 0
78 0.7085

0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
36.38 0 0.512

0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
15.12 2.7048 0

0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
3.936 3.068 0

0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
17.1 2.4795 0

ys Vs Glyphosate mass in Soil(mg)

377.9935
358.8115
350.758
342.61

40 0150 0160 17 18 0190 0200 0210 0220 0230 0240 0250 0260 0270 0280 0290 0300 0310 32 33 0340 0350 0360 0370 0380 0390

Rainfall(Day)
phos ate i n soi l wi thout Hardnes s Gl yphos ate i n s oi l wi th Ha rdness
40 0150 0160 17 18 0190 0200 0210 0220 0230 0240 0250 0260 0270 0280 0290 0300 0310 32 33 0340 0350 0360 0370 0380 0390

Rainfall(Day)
phos ate i n soi l wi thout Hardnes s Gl yphos ate i n s oi l wi th Ha rdness

Glyphosate mass in Surface Water(mg)

15.8025
15.12

12.7806

3.936

0 0150 0160 17 18 0190 0200 0210 0220 0230 0240 0250 0260 0270 0280 0290 0300 0310 32 33 0340 0350 0360 0370 0380 0390

Rainfall(Day)
n Surface water wi thout Ha rdness Gl yphos ate i n Surfa ce Water wi th Hardnes s
0 0150 0160 17 18 0190 0200 0210 0220 0230 0240 0250 0260 0270 0280 0290 0300 0310 32 33 0340 0350 0360 0370 0380 0390

Rainfall(Day)
n Surface water wi thout Ha rdness Gl yphos ate i n Surfa ce Water wi th Hardnes s

Glyphosate mass in Ground Water (mg)

2.7048 3.068

0 0150 0160 170 18 0190 0200 0210 0220 0230 0240 0250 0260 0270 0280 0290 0300 0310 320 33 0340 0350 0360 0370 0380 0390

Rainfall(Day)
n Ground water wi thout Hardnes s Gl yphos ate i n Ground water wi th Hardnes s
348.68

325.51

0350 0360 0370 0380 0390 40


0350 0360 0370 0380 0390 40

17.1

7.5852

0350 0360 0370 0380 0390 40


0350 0360 0370 0380 0390 40

2.4795

0350 0360 0370 0380 0390 400


Glyphosate Plot Study

RemainingSoil (mg)
Surface Groundw
Soil water Surface ater Groundw
Description (mg/kg) (mg/L) water (L) (mg/L) ater (L)
Glyphosate 3.7112 426.788 426.788
24 hour af 3.7022 3.5021 0.239 61.5 0.203 45.5 0 402.7415
3 days after Glyphosa 3.4298 0.112 66.500 0.03 27.3 402.7415 394.427
7 days afte 3.4288 3.4224 0.011 68.2 0 24.3 394.427 393.576
14 days aft 3.4221 3.4219 0 70.5 0 26.5 393.576 393.5185
28 days aft 3.4219 3.4219 0 72.4 0 28.3 393.576 393.5185
35 days aft 3.4219 3.4218 0 75.5 0 29.5 393.576 393.507

TSP Plot Study

RemainingSoil (mg)
Surface Groundw
Soil water Surface ater Groundw
Description (mg/kg) (mg/L) water (L) (mg/L) ater (L)
Glyphosate 3.7115 426.8225
24 hour af 3.6997 3.5142 0.228 62.5 0.193 43.5 426.8225 404.133
3 days after Glyphosa 3.4301 0.131 65.500 0.04 19.5 404.133 394.4615
7 days afte 3.4304 3.4219 0.012 69.3 0 25.6 394.4615 393.5185
14 days aft 3.4216 3.2869 0.179 71.4 0.098 27.6 393.5185 377.9935
28 days aft 3.2861 3.1201 0.215 73.5 0.104 29.5 377.9935 358.8115
35 days aft 3.1198 3.032 0.098 77.4 0.087 28.5 358.8115 348.68

TSP 1 0.615
TSP 2 0.3
Surface Groundw Total
water ater (mg)
(mg)

0 0 426.788
14.6985 9.2365 426.6765
7.448 0.819 402.694
0.7502 0 394.3262
0 0 393.5185
0 0 393.5185
0 0 393.507

Surface Groundw Total


water ater (mg)
(mg)

14.25 8.3955 426.7785


8.5805 0.78 403.822
0.8316 0 394.3501
12.7806 2.7048 393.4789
15.8025 3.068 377.682
7.5852 2.4795 358.7447
59.8304 17.4278
425.9382
Glyphosate Suraj
SAMPLE ID Discription GLYPHOSATE (mg/L) AMPA (mg/L)

SU001 Spike Gly + hardness(Roundup) 43.6 0.027


SU002 Surface water S-SW(1)R 0.660 0.117
SU003 Surface water S-SW(3)R 0.039 0.006
SU004 Ground water S-GW(3)R 0.027 0.012
SU005 Surface water S-SW(2)R 0.051 ND
SU011 Ground water S-GW(2)R 0.018 ND
SU012 Surface water S-SW(4)R 0.016 ND
SU013 Ground water S-GW(4)R 0.001 ND
SU030 Spike Gly + hardness(Standard Gly) 42.500 0.012
SU031 Ground water S-GW(6)R 0.096 ND
SU032 Surface water S-SW(5)R 0.036 ND
SU033 Ground water S-GW(5)R 0.025 ND
C006 Spike Gly(Stabdard Gly) 54.900 0.288
C017 Spike Gly(Roundup) 64.200 0.423
Sample ID Discription Expected Glyphosate(mg/Kg)

SU019 S-B(6)R 4.1982


SU020 LAST SOIL SAMPLE ??
SU021 S-B(2)R 4.3207
SU022 S-A(2)R 4.2763
SU023 S-B(3)R 4.2763
SU024 S-A(3)R 4.2312
SU025 S-B(4)R 4.2312
SU026 S-A(4)R 4.2248
SU027 S-A(6)R 4.1224
SU028 S-B(5)R 4.2248
SU029 S-A(5)R 4.1982
Glyhposate + TSP Chi
Analysis Glyphosate AMPA SAMPLE ID
(mg/kg) (mg/kg)
C006
C007
C008
C009
C010
C014
C015
C016
C017
C018
C034
C035
C036
C037
C038
C039
C040
C041
C042
C043
C044
C045
C046
C047
C048
C049
C050
Glyhposate + TSP Chirath
Discription GLYPHOSATE (mg/L) AMPA (mg/L)

Spike Gly (Standard Gly) 54.9 0.288


Surface water C-SW(1)R 0.582 0.105
Surface water C-SW(2)R 0.051 0.012
Ground water C-GW(2)R 0.026 ND
Surface water C-SW(3)R 0.012 ND
Ground water C-GW(3)R 0.016 ND
Surface water C-SW(4)R 0.019 ND
Ground water C-GW(4)R ND ND
Spike Gly (Roundup) 64.200 0.423
Ground water 2ndTSP C-GW()R 0.264 0.009
Ground water C-GW(5)R 0.021 ND
Surface water C-SW(5)R ND ND
Surface water C-SW(6)R 0.0117 ND
Ground water C-GW(6)R 0.012 ND
Soil C - B(5)R 0.009 ND
Soil C - A(5)R ND ND
Soil C - B(6)R ND ND
Soil C - A(1)R Soil C - B(2)R ND ND
Soil C - A(2)R ND ND
Soil C - B(3)R ND ND
Soil C - A(3)R ND ND
Soil C - B(4)R ND ND
Soil C - A(4)R ND ND
Soil C - B[1st TSP](4)R ND ND
Soil C - A(6)R 0.066 ND
Soil C - B[2nd TSP](5)R 0.057 ND
Soil C - Last ND ND
Rain Day Surface water
Source Percentage
Wells 73.2
Tube wells 13.7
Pipeborne Water 9.6
Surface Water 1.3
Other 1.9 Percentage(%

Wells Tube w
Pipeborne Water Surfac
Other
rcentage(%)

Tube wells
ne Water Surface Water

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