Geometric relations between coordinates and unit vectors for Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems Cartesian Cylindrical Spherical x = rcos é = rsin 6 cos @ y = rsing = rsin Osing z = z rcos@ iy = cos i, —sin dig = sin @ cos di, +cos 8 cos dig —sin dig i, = sin pi, +cos dig = sin @ sin hi, +c08 4 sin diy +cos pis i, = iy = cos Bi,~ sin Big Spherical Cartesian Cylindrical r = vet +7427 = Vee G0 = OS Vitayhre ¢ = cot”! x/y = é ir = sin @cos di, +sin @sindi, = sin 81, +cos Bi; +cos Bi, ig = cos 8 cos di, +cos 6 sin bi, = cos 6i,—sin Bi, —sin 6i, is = -sin bi, +c0s diy = iy Table 1-1 Differential lengths, surface area, and volume elements for each geometry. The surface element is subscripted by the coordinate perpendicular to the surface CARTESIAN CYLINDRICAL SPHERICAL dl=dei,tdyi,tdei, dl=dri,tr dd igtdzi, dl=dri,+rd0 ig tr sin Odd ig dS,=4 dd de dS, =1° sin 6 d0dg dS4 = dr dz dS,=r sin Odrdp dS, =r dr dé dSy=rdr do dr dp de dV =r" sin 0dr de dpJip rd, dv —dedyds Coordenadas rectangukwes: a Feet ree (F.26) (F.27) wea 242) 4, 9) oy = 28, DO , Ho v= Foe toe (F29) Coordenadas cilindri 2 dl = Jas deed, dW =pdpdeds vo (FD) 1dAy , OAs +e oe (F.31) aay, 1/8 aa, a) ena Ge) (F.32) ae de Le ap * pip” Pag ro=i2 (522) Ve Fay ("op) + Coordenadas esféricas: d= JET COP a ronda: dV =r? send draddg Lov + Fen Be =) 10 1a 1 oA tad +b Sdoseni Se VAR GRAD + Fen 30 AY * rend Op Oa) ptf aa a VxA (Ag sen) ~ FR or +t ae — FF (P36) (P37)