METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction
Methodology can properly refer to the theoretical analysis of the methods appropriate to a
field of study or to the body of methods and principles particular to a branch of knowledge.
This chapter discusses about the method to achieve the objective of study. Here also discusses
the equipment and procedures used to collect the wave parameter data through sampling.
Lastly the wave parameter data will be analysing using the formula energy for the comparison
with the bottom shear stress and froud number wave theory that related with the river bank
erosion.

3.2 Methodology from other research

According to the research at Waikato River, New Zealand by Mcconchie and Toleman
(2003), wave train were generated using a 5 meter fibreglass jet boat travelling in the same
manner both upstream and downstream at a distance of approximately 15 meter from the bank
at all sites. The boat travelled past the sites in a straight line at two speed of approximately 10
km/h (slow) and planning speed of approximately 50 km/h (fast). The actual speed across the
bed, however, will be either increased or decreased by the water velocity, depending on the
direction of travel.

Wave amplitudes were measured using Greenspan Model PS225 Pressure Sensor,
which have a range of 0 – 2.5 m and linearity and repeatability of ± 0.2% of full scale. The
transducers were connected to Unidata Yellow Logger. Values were logger at four hertz. The
sensors were attached to poles either driven into the riverbed or supported from a frame
suspended above the water. Measurements were made at three or four location within 7 m of
the water’s edge and perpendicular to the river flow.

The spacing between measurement positions was determined by the morphology of the
riverbank; however, the first position was always located near to the bank. All sensors were at
a nominal depth of 300 mm below the water surface. The depths were corrected to a common
datum during processing to accommodate variations in water level during sampling and the
shallow depth at the near bank sampling point. Where the riverbank sloped gradually, the
outer-most sensor was placed in water close to one meter in depth. Where the riverbank was
steep, the outer-most sensor was placed in water greater than one and half meter in depth.

The previous study from William (2008) by using the Decision Support Tool to
determine the natural wind wave energy. The energy of the passing boat wave train is then
determined based
on previous field measurements. The third step involves assessing the potential for the
bank to erode based on a series of weighted factors that incorporate physical and
ecological features of the bank. Once these initial steps have been undertaken, the wake
wave energy is compared to the average recurrence interval of the wind wave energy.
This comparison is undertaken for both the maximum generated wake wave and the
total wave energy generated from a typical day involving multiple boat passes. The
comparison of these wake wave energies with the average recurrence interval of the
wind wave energy provides an indication of the likely impact of the boat waves on the
shoreline. These results are then compared with a ‘bank erosion rating’ to determine the
most appropriate boating management strategy for the site.
3.2 Instrument of Data Collection
was used to collect the parameter of wave characteristic. The
parameters record includes depth, pressure and water temperature. Wave gauges were
deployed during low tide and the reading will be obtained during high tide. The data of
water height was recorded at one second intervals. Wave data transfer to the computer
and analyze for rate of wave reduction using software’s.

3.3 Observation and Survey

Survey of the study location should be done before data collection. During the
observation, the type of boats that use the estuary can be noticed. Speed of the ship that
moving in that location was recorded. (See appendix B)
3.3.1 Department of Fisheries
Data of boat specification was collected at Fisheries Department, Perak and
matched with the information that gets from the observation during gauge deployed. The
details were including:-
a. Types of boat
b. Length overall (LOA)
c. Speed of boat
d. Capacity of boat
e. Type of hull
3.3.2 Surveying at study area
The water level logger was located at the study area and when the boats pass
through the river the measurement of time and water elevation were recorded. It is
necessary to match boats information with the data recorded by the water level logger in
order to get the true picture what is the kind of boat induces the every each wave. (See
appendix C)
3.4 Calculation
The wave energy formulation comprises of potential and kinetic energy was used
in this study. Here with the derivation of the equations is shown below as:

3.5 Analysis of Data

The result from the wave energy and bottom shear stress will be compared between
Class A and Class B boats. Then analysis the relationship between these two data that
obtained in this experiment. If the value of the shear stress of sediment larger than shear
stress that produce by wave, the river bank was free from the negative impact, otherwise,
it will affected to the sediment. These analyze also using Microsoft Excel software to plot
the graph using the parameter as well as speed, wave height, depth of water and also
wave length.
Correlation and regression are used to determining whether a relationship between
two or more numerical or qualitative variables exists. The scatter plot on Microsoft
Excel is used to see whether a relationship exist between the independent and dependent
variables. Simple relationships have two variables, an independent variable and a
dependent variable. Correlation is a statistical method used to determine whether a
relationship variable exists. Regression is a statistical method used to describe the nature
of the relationship between variables, that is, positive or negative, liner or nonlinear.
Correlation coefficient, r, is used to determine the strength of the relationship between or
among the variables. The predictions can be made. That is the stronger the relationship is
between variables, the more accurate the prediction. This is due to the strength of the
relationship. The range of the correlation coefficient is from -1 to +1. If there is a strong
positive linear relationship between the variables, the value of r will be close to +1. If
there is a strong negative linear relationship between the variables, the value of r will be
close to -1.