PRACTICAL 8

COMPARISION OF DIFFERENCE DISTRICT BRICKS

(1) DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENTH OF BRICKS

AIM
To determine compressive strength of bricks.

BACKGROUND
 Compressive strength is very important property of bricks as different types of
bricks are used for different grade of work.
 It is essential to determine its compressive strength for given stock of brick.

REFERENCE
 The Indian Standard IS 5454 : 1976 ‘Method for sampling of clay building bricks’
is necessary adjunct to this method.

APPARTUS
 Compression testing machine.

1
 PROCEDURE

 The number of specimens for the test shall be selected according to IS 5454: 1976.
 Immerse bricks in water at room temperature for 24 hours.
 Remove the specimen and drain out any surplus moisture at room temperature.
 Fill the frog (where provided) and all voids in the bed face flush with the cement
mortar (1 cement, clean coarse sand of grade 3mm proportion).
 Store under the damp jute bags for 24 hours followed by immersion in clean water
for 3 days.
 Remove and wipe out any traces of moisture.
 Place the specimen with the flat faces horizontal, and mortar filled spacing upwards
between two 3-ply plywood sheets each of 3mm thickness and carefully centred
between plates of the testing machine.
 Apply load axially at a uniform rate of 14 N/mm2 per minute till failure occurs and
note the maximum load at failure.
 The load at failure shall be the maximum load at which the specimen fails to
produce any further increase in the indicator reading on the testing machine.
 Compressive strengths are given by following formula,

Peak load (N)

Compressive strength (MPa) = Area (mm2)

Classification: The common burnt clay shall be classified on the basis of average compressive
strength as given in table.

Class Designation Average compressive strength

Not less than Less than
(MPa) (MPa)
350 35 40
300 30 35
250 25 30
200 20 25
175 17.5 20
150 15 17.5
125 12.5 15
100 10 12.5
75 7.5 10
50 5 7.5
35 3.5 5

2
 1) Sample 1 - Chiloda

OBSERVATION TABLE

No. Peak load Area Peak stress

(KN) (Cm2) (MPa)

 Average Peak stress of bricks is MPa.

OBSERVATION

This area almost bricks fails in crushing when apply a load by CTM.

3
 2) Sample 2 - Adalaj

OBSERVATION TABLE

No. Peak load Area Peak stress

(KN) (Cm2) (MPa)

 Average Peak stress of bricks is MPa.

OBSERVATION

When apply a load by CTM, vertical cracks are generated in bricks and fails in excessive
loading.

4
 3) Sample 3 - Bavla

OBSERVATION TABLE

No. Peak load Area Peak stress

(KN) (Cm2) (MPa)

 Average Peak stress of bricks is MPa.

OBSERVATION

This area almost bricks fails in crushing and very weak in compressive strength rather than other
areas bricks.

5
 SUMMARY

SAMPLE PEAK STRESS

(MPa)

Chiloda
Adalaj
Raisan

CONCLUSION

6
 DETERMINATION OF EFFLORESCENCE OF BRICKS

AIM

 To determine the efflorescence of burnt clay bricks.

BACKGROUND

 To know presence any alkaline matter in bricks.

 The soluble salts, if present in cause efflorescence in brick work.

REFERENCE

 The Indian Standard IS 5454 : 1976 ‘Method for sampling of clay bricks’ is necessary
adjunct to this method.

APPARTUS

 Shallow flat bottom dish (180mm ×180mm ×40mm)

PROCEDURE

 Take five bricks shall be selected at random from the sample.

 Place the end of the bricks in the dish, the depth of immersion in water being 25mm.
 Place the whole arrangement in a warm (200cto 300c) well ventilated room until all the
water in the dish is absorbed by the specimens and the surplus water evaporates.
 When the water has been absorbed and bricks appear to be dry, place a similar quantity of
water in the dish and allow it to evaporate as before.
 Examine the bricks for efflorescence after the second evaporation and report the results.

RESULT OBSERVATION
Nil No perceptible deposit
Slight Not more than 10% are covered with deposit of salt
Moderate Up to 50% area covered with deposit of salt without any powdering
or flaking surface
Heavy Heavy deposit of salts covering 50% or more of the exposed area
of brick surface but un accompanied by powdering or flaking
surface
Serious Heavy deposit of salts accompanied by powdering and/or flaking
of the exposed surface

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OBSERVATION TABLE

Sr. No SAMPLE Results Observation

1 Chiloda Heavy Around 60-65% area
cover with salt and
minor flaking surface
2 Adalaj Slight Not more than 15% are
covered with deposit of
salt
3 Raisan Moderate Almost 45-50% area
cover with salt
without any
powdering surface

CONCLUSION

 As per result of efflorescence test, Chiloda area bricks has very high percent of amount of
salt and Adalaj area bricks has very low amount of salt.
 Due to present of very high percentage of salt, it may be fail in joint and also spoiling
effect creates when use this bricks in a structure.
 According to result concluded that, Adalaj brick no more creates damage due to weather
effect during its life span than other area bricks.

8
 DETERMINATION OF DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE OF BRICKS

AIM

 To determine the dimensional requirement of bricks.

BACKGROUND

 Tolerance test requires that the dimensions of a clay masonry unit shall be declared by the
manufacturer in millimetres for length, width and height, in that order.
 The manufacturer shall declare also which of the tolerance categories the mean values fulfil
when measured to the test method detailed.

REFERENCE

 The Indian Standard IS 5454 : 1976 ‘Method for sampling of clay bricks’ is necessary
adjunct to this method.

APPARTUS

 Measure Tape
 Scale

PROCEDURE

 Twenty whole bricks shall be selected at random from the sample.

 All blisters, loose particles of clay and small projection shall be removed.
 They shall be than arranged upon a level surface successively as indicated in a figure in
contact with each other in a straight line.
 The overall length of the assembled bricks shall be measured with a steel tape or other
suitable inextensible measure sufficiently long to measure the whole row at one stretch.
 If, for any reason it is found impracticable to measure a bricks in one row, the sample may
be divided into row of 10 bricks each which shall be measured separately to the nearest
millimetre.
 All these dimension shall be added together.
 Measure dimension along three directions, variation within ± 3% to ± 8%.
 Dimension of tolerance is given by following formula,

L3−L1
Dimension tolerance (%) = L1
× 100

9
10
 1) Sample 1 - Chiloda

OBSERVATION TABLE

Measurement Overall One sample Total Dimension Tolerance

L1(cm) L2(cm) L3(cm) (%)
(L2×No.of bricks)
Length
Width
Height

 Average dimension tolerance of bricks is %.

OBSERVATION

There is no measurable difference in length and height tolerance, but measure difference in
width.

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 2) Sample 2 - Adalaj

OBSERVATION TABLE

Measurement Overall One sample Total Dimension Tolerance

L1(cm) L2(cm) L3(cm) (%)
(L2×No.of bricks)
Length
Width
Height

 Average dimension tolerance of bricks is %.

OBSERVATION

In this area bricks overall same difference while testing of tolerance.

12
 3) Sample 3 - Raisan

OBJERVATION TABLE

Measurement Overall One sample Total Dimension Tolerance

L1(cm) L2(cm) L3(cm) (%)
(L2×No.of bricks)
Length
Width
Height

 Average dimension tolerance of bricks is %.

OBSERVATION

While testing of Raisan area bricks, measure that this area bricks tolerance is zero, that indicates
that this bricks manufacturing is accurate.

13
 SUMMARY

SAMPLE Tolerance
(%)

Chiloda
Adalaj
Raisan

CONCLUSION

14
 SUMMARY

SAMPLE Compression Efflorescence Tolerance

Strength Result (%)
(MPa)
Chiloda
Adalaj
Raisan

CONCLUSION

15