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Calculations [35]
EXPERIMENT HT - 305
FINNED TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
Contents
1. Raw Data 2
2. Observations 2
3. Calculations 3
4. Error Calculations 5
5. Results 6
6. Plot 7
7. Discussion 8
8. Hypothesis 8
9. Source of Errors 9
10. Precautions 9
11. References 9
12. Suggestions 9
2
1. Raw Data
2. Observations
15 82 Not Observed
30 69 55
45 62 Not Observed
60 62 48
75 66 Not Observed
90 62 48
3
3. Calculations
g. Heat given out by steam through finned tube heat exchanger (Q1)
= m1*λ
= V1/time*Rho*λ
= 0.062L/0.25hr*0.958Kg/L*535 kcal/K
= 127.107 Kcal/hr
ΔT = (TSteam - Tambient)
= 105-28 o C
= 77 o C
m = √(hC/KAc)
= √15.071*1.006/13.97*0.0015
= 26.899
4. Error Calculation
ΔQfin/Qfin = 3.092/88.812
= 0.035
Δηfin(observed) = 0.059*0.271
= 0.016
5. Results
168.110 - - - -
127.107 - - - -
135.308 - - - -
6. Plot
Plot of condensed volume(in mL) v/s time(in minutes) with error bars showing error
approximation:
8
7. Discussion on observations
1. Since the ratio (area of fin edge):(side area of fin) is very small, our
assumption of adiabatic edge holds good.
2. The ηfin, observed is less than ηfin, theoretical
3. The volume of condensate collected from finned tube is nearly 1.3 time the
condensate collected from bare tube {(62/48)=1.29~1.3)}.
4. The volume of condensate decreases with time and attains a steady state
value (when two or more consecutive values become same).
8. Hypothesis
. The temperature of the fin decreases along the height(L, ”away from tube”) of
1
the fin. The values obtained from Infrared Thermometer are as follows:
x 0 mm 14 mm 28 mm 42 mm 56 mm 70 mm
2. The above temperature variation shows, why the ηfin, observed(=0.271)is less
than the ηfin, theoretical (=0.507).
While calculating our theoretical we have assumed
whole fin to be at temperature T=105oC . Whereas, in reality the temperature
decreases and is a distribution along L.
9
9. Sources of Error
1. Latent heat of vapourization was taken at a specific temperature (set point)
and may generate some error.
2. We’ve taken fin temperature to be constant. In reality it varies along the
height of fin. This results in our observed efficiency to be less than the
theoretical efficiency.
3. Density of water was taken at 105oC. Since the ambient temperature low,
change in density may occur affecting calculation.
4. The finned tube was only laterally covered leaving the above portion open
for parallel movement of changing fan winds in the lab, along the finned
tube. This in turn affects the rate of heat exchange from the finned tube.
5. Some small amount of steam always comes out when collecting water from
the nozzle.
10. Precautions
a. Take great care and use safety gloves while collecting the condensate from
the valve.
b. Keep dead weight safety valve free during the experiment.
c. Steam should not come out when collecting the water for measuring.
d. Keep some empty space above the condensate in the steam generator.
11. Suggestions
1. Finned tube can be coupled with a uniform airflow to prevent random
airflows in the lab entering from the top of exchanger from creating errors
2. Better insulation can be provided for the system.
12. References
1. Heat of vapourization taken from:
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/saturated-steam-properties-d_457.html
2. Density of water taken from:
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html