Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
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PERFORMANCE ON VESSELS
Tadeusz Borkowski
Maritime University of Szczecin
Contents:
1. Background – wet scrubber types
• Wet Scrubbing – classic functional principle of operation
• Wet and Dry Scrubbing – current approach
2. Exhaust Gas Cleaning System – list of manufacturers
3. EGCS installations number in service
4. Regulatory requirements
5. On board survey methodology
6. Ship’s routine voyage and relevant EGCS operation
7. Exhaust emission in open loop mode
8. Sea and washwater parameters in open loop mode
9. Exhaust emission and sea water parameters in closed loop mode
10. Conclusions
Wet Scrubbing – classic functional principle of operation
Wet scrubbers
Exhaust Exhaust
Exhaust
outlet outlet
outlet
Washwater
inlet
Packed
Washwater
Bed
Washwater inlet
Exhaust
inlet inlet Exhaust
inlet
Exhaust
inlet Packed
Bed
Washwater
outlet
Washwater Washwater
outlet
outlet
Exhaust
outlet Exhaust
Washwater inlet Exhaust outlet outlet
Exhaust
inlet
Washwater
inlet Exhaust inlet
Membrane
Venturi SO2
outlet
Exhaust
Washwater Washwater outlet inlet
outlet
WARTSILA
WÄRTSILÄ MOSS
AEC MARITIME
CHINA
ANDRITZ AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ECOSPRAY
POLLUT. CONTROL PROJECT LANGH TECH PURETEQ
TECHNOLOGIES
SAACKE MARINE
ALFA-LAVAL CLEAN MARINE FUJI ELECTRIC MAN DIESEL SYSTEMS
DUPONT BELCO
BLUESOUL CLEAN AIR IONADA™ MUNTERS YARA MARINE
EGCS installations number in service
TANKER 500
39
400
SERVICE 2
300
RORO SHIP 113
200
GENERAL CARGO 25
100
CRUISE SHIP 110 0
CONTAINER… 27
BULK CARRIER 24
0 50 100 150
EGCS
Operational survey
SOx Emissions
EGCS Exhaust emissions Ship s speed
Compliance Plan - SECP
efficiency
Washwater
EGCS Technical Main engine power
EGCS discharge
Manual - ETM
running
cost Operating Auxiliary electric
Onboard Monitoring
parameters load
Manual - OMM
EGCS Electrical
Electronic Logging Fuel oil consumption
reliability consumption
System - EGC
NaOH consumption
Emission
factors
Sludge discharge
Ship’s propulsion and EGCS layout
Multiunit Hybrid Exhaust Gas Cleaning
System
Ship’s Diesel-Electric main/auxiliary SO2
CO2
SO2
CO2
SO2
CO2
SO2
CO2
propulsion
4.5 MW
4.5 MW
4.5 MW
4.5 MW
G G G G
~ ~ ~ ~
6.6 kV 6.6 kV
440 V 440 V
6.5 MW
6.5 MW
PEM
PEM
20 20000 14000
12000 Steaming
Full steaming Open Loop
Observations
Ship speed [kts]
8000 Port
Manoeuvring approaching
10 10000 6000 Open Loop Open Loop
4000
5 5000
2000
Ship speed
Propulsion power 0
0.0 4.5 9.0 13.5 18.1 22.6 27.1
0 0
21-Jul 21-Jul 21-Jul Ship's speed [Kts]
24 10
Steaming - Open Loop At berth - Closed Loop
20
OP/CL Ratio
6
Density 150C 981.0 kg/m3
12
Viscosity 500C 375 cSt
4
Water % 0 8
Sulphur % 1.75 2
4
0 0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
Open Loop/Closed Loop Ratio
Day of the month
EGCS in open loop mode - compliance monitoring
Engine sulphur combustion chemistry:
HSO3- H+ + SO32-
PAH Sea
pH Water
SO3 2- + 0.5 O2 SO42-
Tur. inlet
SO 2 [ppm]
CO 2 [%]
SO 2 [ppm]
CO2 [%]
20
4
0 3
0
2
Faulty SO2 indications * SO2 * SO2
Faulty SO2 indications
0 -20 0 -20
15-Jul 4-Aug 24-Aug 13-Sep 15-Jul 4-Aug 24-Aug 13-Sep
25-Jul 14-Aug 3-Sep 23-Sep 25-Jul 14-Aug 3-Sep 23-Sep
10 8 40
CO2 [ppm]
SO 2 [ppm]
6
CO2 [%]
4
20
4 3
0
2
2 0
Faulty SO2 indications
* SO2
1
* SO2
0 -20 0 -20
15-Jul 4-Aug 24-Aug 13-Sep 15-Jul 4-Aug 24-Aug 13-Sep
25-Jul 14-Aug 3-Sep 23-Sep 25-Jul 14-Aug 3-Sep
Sea and washwater parameters in open loop mode
10 8.0
pH [-]
6 6000 4000
5000
3000 Washwater outlet
Observations
Observations
4000
Sea Water inlet 4.0
3000 2000
4 2000
1000
1000
0 0
5.90 7.02 8.14 5.800 6.175 6.550 6.925 7.300
2 2.0
15-Jul 4-Aug 24-Aug 13-Sep 15-Jul 4-Aug 24-Aug 13-Sep
25-Jul 14-Aug 3-Sep 23-Sep 25-Jul 14-Aug 3-Sep 23-Sep
10000
40
8000 Sea Water inlet
Observations
6000
30 4000
PAH [µg/L]
2000
0
EGCS Starting up
0.1 9.1 18.1 27.0
20
10
PAH: 2.2
0
15-Jul 4-Aug 24-Aug 13-Sep
25-Jul 14-Aug 3-Sep 23-Sep
Sea and washwater parameters in open loop mode
160 120
10000 10000
140 8000
Sea Water inlet 100 8000
Observations
120
Observations
6000 6000
Turbidity [NTU]
Turbidity [NTU]
4000 80 Washwater
100 4000
2000 outlet
2000
80 60
0
4 48 92 136 0
60 EGCS Starting up 6.00 29.75 53.50 77.25
40
40
20 20
Turbidity: 8.9
Turbidity: 6.2
0 0
15-Jul 4-Aug 24-Aug 13-Sep 15-Jul 4-Aug 24-Aug 13-Sep
25-Jul 14-Aug 3-Sep 23-Sep 25-Jul 14-Aug 3-Sep 23-Sep
EGCS in closed loop mode - compliance monitoring
for SO3
SO3 + H2O H2SO4
150
15
5000 1200
Rated power 100
1000
Observations
800 12
4000 50
Engine power [kW]
At berth 600
SO 2 [ppm]
0
9
CO2 [%]
400
3000 Faulty SO2
1221
Engine 200
indications -50
3 -150
1000
* CO2 * SO2
-200
0
0
15-Jul 4-Aug 24-Aug 13-Sep 15-Jul 4-Aug 24-Aug 13-Sep
25-Jul 14-Aug 3-Sep 23-Sep 25-Jul 14-Aug 3-Sep 23-Sep
10.0 100
9
Sea Water outlet
8.0 80
pH: 6.9
Turbidity [NTU]
pH: 6.3
6.0 6 60
2000
pH [-]
pH [-]
1500
4.0
Observations
40
1000
Process Water * pH
inlet 3 * Turbidity
500
2.0 20
0
Turbidity: 11.8
5.2 6.2 7.2 8.2 9.2
0.0 0 0
15-Jul 4-Aug 24-Aug 13-Sep 15-Jul 4-Aug 24-Aug 13-Sep
25-Jul 14-Aug 3-Sep 23-Sep 25-Jul 14-Aug 3-Sep 23-Sep
Conclusions
1. Hybrid EGCS performance measurements were carried out on board the ship during
two month service operation period.
2. On average EGCS operation in open loop mode was 17 hrs at sea and 7 hrs a day in
closed loop at port.
3. SOX and CO2 emissions results are characterized by strong scattering of values, which
in principle makes it impossible to assess compliance with the relevant limits,
expressed in MEPC.184 (59) 2009 guidelines.
4. Undoubtedly, this has to do with variable EGCS mode of operation, which is
determined by the load of propulsion engines.
5. Sea water system exhibits much more stable parameters, qualifying for compliance
assessment. Results of measurement of seawater parameters showed a slight lower
pH value; 6.2 (OL) and 6.3 (CL) below the limit value 6.5.
6. No Turbidity of 8.9 NTU (OP) and 11.8 NTU (CL) over 25 NTU limit was exceeded.
1. The EGCS and related facilities introduce significant increases in electricity consumption, both:
at sea and berth and this transfers into an increase in fuel consumption of 12.85 % of the total
actual ship’s flowrate.
𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡
𝑆𝑂2 − 𝐸 𝑆𝑂2
2. The EGCS efficiency was estimated using the formula: 𝜉1 = ∙ 100%
𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡
𝑆𝑂2
and reached: 93.8 %.
3. Actual consumption of NaOH solution remains at 6.8 ltr/t of fuel oil.
4. The SOx emission for a ship equipped with EGCS was estimated at 0.47 g/kWh.
120 2.00
3000
SO2 specific emission [g/kWh]
2500
100
Scrubber efficiency [%]
2000
1.50
Observations
1500
80
SO 2 [g/kWh]
6000 1000
5000 500
60
SO2 emission - outlet [ppm] Scrubber unit 1.00 0
4000
efficiency: 93.8% -0.1650 1.1332 2.4313
Observations
0.4841 1.7823
3000
40 SO2 spec.: 0.47
2000
0.50
1000
20
0
1.26 43.10 84.94
0 0.00
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Engine power [kW] Engine power [kW]
Thank you for your attention