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Aerospace engineering
Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned
Aerospace Engineer
with the development of aircraft and spacecraft.[3] It has two major and
overlapping branches: Aeronautical engineering and Astronautical
Engineering. Avionics engineering is similar, but deals with the electronics
side of aerospace engineering.
Aeronautical engineering was the original term for the field. As flight
technology advanced to include craft operating in outer space
(astronautics), the broader term "aerospace engineering" has come into
common use.[4] Aerospace engineering, particularly the astronautics NASA engineers, seen here in
branch, is often colloquially referred to as "rocket science".[5] mission control during Apollo 13,
worked diligently to protect the lives
of the astronauts on the mission.
Contents Occupation
Names Aerospace
Overview
engineer
History
Engineer
Elements
Occupation Profession
Degree programs type
In popular culture Activity Aeronautics,
See also sectors astronautics,
References science
Further reading Description
External links
Competencies Technical
knowledge,
management skills
Overview (see also glossary
Flight vehicles are subjected to demanding conditions such as those of aerospace
produced by changes in atmospheric pressure and temperature, with engineering)
structural loads applied upon vehicle components. Consequently, they are Education Bachelor's
usually the products of various technological and engineering disciplines required Degree[1][2]
including aerodynamics, propulsion, avionics, materials science, structural
Fields of Technology,
analysis and manufacturing. The interaction between these technologies is employment science, space
known as aerospace engineering. Because of the complexity and number of
exploration,
disciplines involved, aerospace engineering is carried out by teams of
military
engineers, each having their own specialized area of expertise.[6]
History
The origin of aerospace engineering can be traced back to the aviation pioneers around the late 19th to early 20th
centuries, although the work of Sir George Cayley dates from the last decade of the 18th to mid-19th century. One of
the most important people in the history of aeronautics,[7] Cayley was a pioneer in aeronautical engineering[8] and is
credited as the first person to separate the forces of lift and drag, which are in effect on any flight vehicle.[9]
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Orville and Wilbur Wright flew the The first definition of aerospace engineering appeared in February 1958.[4]
Wright Flyer in 1903 at Kitty Hawk, The definition considered the Earth's atmosphere and the outer space as a
North Carolina.
single realm, thereby encompassing both aircraft (aero) and spacecraft
(space) under a newly coined word aerospace. In response to the USSR
launching the first satellite, Sputnik into space on October 4, 1957, U.S. aerospace engineers launched the first
American satellite on January 31, 1958. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration was founded in 1958 as a
response to the Cold War.[11]
Elements
Some of the elements of aerospace engineering are:[12][13]
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Additionally, aerospace engineering addresses the integration of all components that constitute an aerospace vehicle
(subsystems including power, aerospace bearings, communications, thermal control, life support, etc.) and its life
cycle (design, temperature, pressure, radiation, velocity, lifetime).
Degree programs
Aerospace engineering may be studied at the advanced diploma, bachelor's, master's, and Ph.D. levels in aerospace
engineering departments at many universities, and in mechanical engineering departments at others. A few
departments offer degrees in space-focused astronautical engineering. Some institutions differentiate between
aeronautical and astronautical engineering. Graduate degrees are offered in advanced or specialty areas for the
aerospace industry.
A background in chemistry, physics, computer science and mathematics is important for students pursuing an
aerospace engineering degree.[15]
In popular culture
The term "rocket scientist" is sometimes used to describe a person of great intelligence since rocket science is seen as a
practice requiring great mental ability, especially technically and mathematically. The term is used ironically in the
expression "It's not rocket science" to indicate that a task is simple.[16] Strictly speaking, the use of "science" in "rocket
science" is a misnomer since science is about understanding the origins, nature, and behavior of the universe;
engineering is about using scientific and engineering principles to solve problems and develop new technology.[5][17]
However, "science" and "engineering" are often misused as synonyms.[5][17][18]
See also
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
American Helicopter Society International
Flight test
Glossary of aerospace engineering
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References
1. "Required Education" (http://study.com/articles/Aeronautical_Engineer_Educational_Requirements.html).
study.com. Retrieved 2015-06-22.
2. "Education, Aerospace Engineers" (http://www.myfuture.com/careers/education/aerospace-engineers_17-2011.0
0). myfuture.com. Retrieved 2015-06-22.
3. Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, 2010. ISBN 978-0-470-75440-5.
4. Stanzione, Kaydon Al (1989). "Engineering". Encyclopædia Britannica. 18 (15 ed.). Chicago. pp. 563–563.
5. NASA (2008). Steven J. Dick, ed. Remembering the Space Age: Proceedings of the 50th Anniversary Conference
(https://history.nasa.gov/Remembering_Space_Age_A.pdf) (PDF). p. 92. "The term “rocket scientist” is a
misnomer used by the media and in popular culture and applied to a majority of engineers and technicians who
worked on the development of rockets with von Braun. It reflects a cultural evaluation of the immense
accomplishments of the team but is nevertheless incorrect. ..."
6. "Career: Aerospace Engineer" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060509023617/http://www.princetonreview.com/ct
e/profiles/dayInLife.asp?careerID=5). Career Profiles. The Princeton Review. Archived from the original (http://ww
w.princetonreview.com/cte/profiles/dayInLife.asp?careerID=5) on 2006-05-09. Retrieved 2006-10-08. "Due to the
complexity of the final product, an intricate and rigid organizational structure for production has to be maintained,
severely curtailing any single engineer's ability to understand his role as it relates to the final project."
7. "Sir George Cayley" (http://www.flyingmachines.org/cayl.html). ?. Retrieved 2009-07-26. "Sir George Cayley is
one of the most important people in the history of aeronautics. Many consider him the first true scientific aerial
investigator and the first person to understand the underlying principles and forces of flight."
8. "Sir George Cayley (British Inventor and Scientist)" (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/100795/Sir-Geor
ge-Cayley-6th-Baronet). Britannica. n.d. Retrieved 2009-07-26. "English pioneer of aerial navigation and
aeronautical engineering and designer of the first successful glider to carry a human being aloft."
9. "Sir George Cayley" (http://www.centennialofflight.net/essay/Dictionary/Cayley/DI15.htm). U.S. Centennial of
Flight Commission. Retrieved 31 January 2016. "A wealthy landowner, Cayley is considered the father of aerial
navigation and a pioneer in the science of aerodynamics. He established the scientific principles for heavier-than-
air flight and used glider models for his research. He was the first to identify the four forces of flight--thrust, lift,
drag, and weight—and to describe the relationship each had with the other."
10. Kermit Van Every (1988). "Aeronautical engineering". Encyclopedia Americana. 1. Grolier Incorporated.
11. "A Brief History of NASA" (http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/factsheet.htm). NASA. Retrieved
2012-03-20.
12. "Science: Engineering: Aerospace" (http://open-site.org/Science/Engineering/Aerospace/). Open Site. Retrieved
2006-10-08.
13. Gruntman, Mike (September 19, 2007). "The Time for Academic Departments in Astronautical Engineering" (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20071018045825/http://aiaa.org/agenda.cfm?lumeetingid=1808&viewcon=agenda&page
view=2&programSeeview=1&dateget=19-Sep-07&formatview=1). AIAA SPACE 2007 Conference & Exposition
Agenda. AIAA SPACE 2007 Conference & Exposition (http://www.aiaa.org/content.cfm?pageid=230&lumeetingid
=1808&viewcon=submit). AIAA. Archived from the original (http://www.aiaa.org/agenda.cfm?lumeetingid=1808&vi
ewcon=agenda&pageview=2&programSeeview=1&dateget=19-Sep-07&formatview=1) on October 18, 2007.
14. "Aircraft Structures in Aerospace Engineering" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151109124154/http://aerospaceeng
ineering.aero/aircraft-structures-in-aerospace-engineering/). Aerospace Engineering, Aviation News, Salary, Jobs
and Museums. Archived from the original (http://aerospaceengineering.aero/aircraft-structures-in-aerospace-engi
neering/) on 2015-11-09. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
15. "Entry education, Aerospace Engineers" (http://www.myfuture.com/careers/education/aerospace-engineers_17-20
11.00). myfuture.com. Retrieved 2015-06-22.
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16. Bailey, Charlotte (7 November 2008). "Oxford compiles list of top ten irritating phrases" (https://www.telegraph.co.
uk/news/newstopics/debates/3394545/Oxford-compiles-list-of-top-ten-irritating-phrases.html). The Daily
Telegraph. Retrieved 2008-11-18. "10 - It's not rocket science"
17. Petroski, Henry (23 November 2010). "Engineering Is Not Science" (http://spectrum.ieee.org/at-work/tech-career
s/engineering-is-not-science). IEEE Spectrum. Retrieved 21 June 2015. "Science is about understanding the
origins, nature, and behavior of the universe and all it contains; engineering is about solving problems by
rearranging the stuff of the world to make new things."
18. Neufeld, Michael. Von Braun: Dreamer of Space, Engineer of War (First ed.). Vintage Books. pp. xv. "There has
been a deep-rooted failure in the English-speaking media and popular culture to grapple with the distinction
between science and engineering."
Further reading
Dharmahinder Singh Chand. Aero-Engineering Thermodynamics. Knowledge Curve, 2017. ISBN 978-93-84389-
16-1.
External links
NDTAeroTech.com, The Online Community for Aerospace NDT Professionals (https://web.archive.org/web/20090
601084901/http://ndtaerotech.com/)
Kroo, Ilan. "Aircraft Design: Synthesis and Analysis" (https://web.archive.org/web/20010223232617/http://adg.sta
nford.edu/aa241/AircraftDesign.html). Stanford University. Archived from the original (http://adg.stanford.edu/aa24
1/AircraftDesign.html) on 23 February 2001. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
Air Service Training Aviation Maintenance UK (http://www.airservicetraining.co.uk/)
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