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Table 1
Results of studies on Nasal microbiome in CRS

Mahdavinia et al.
Bacterial Microbiome Studies
Name and Study Sample Analysis Microbiome analysis Results
year of participants type method
publication
Microbial Microbial Differences Differences at Differences at Species
Diversity Abundance at Phylum order, family or level
Clin

level genus level

Stephenson et al, 18 CRS Anterior ethmoid Bacterial tag-encoded - - - Propionibacterium found in 83% of Staphylococcus aureus found in
Exp Allergy . Author

2010 (48) 9 controls mucosal biopsy FLX amplicon CRS vs. 67% of controls(no statistics 50% of CRS vs 100% of controls
pyrosequencing available) Diaphorobacter spp. And (no statistics available)
(bTEFAP) Peptoniphilus only reported in
CRS(78% and 72% respectively)

Stressmann et al, 70 samples from 43 Mucosal biopsy 16S-rDNA sequencing No control - - Most abundant: Pseudomonas, -
2011(49) CRS and terminal Citrobacter, Haemophilus,
No control restriction fragment Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus
manuscri

length polymorphism and Streptococcus

pt;

(T-RFLP)
Abreu et al, 7 CRS Endoscopically guided 16S rRNA PhyloChip Decreased in CRS: Not different - Decreased:order Lactobacillales Increased:Corynebacterium
2012(53) 7control maxillary sinus Phylogenetic tuberculostearicum
availabl

brushing microarray approach 1 Decreased Decreased: Lactobacillus Sakai,

e

richness (number Carnobacterium alterfunditum,

of bacterial types) Enterococcus mundtii, and
2 Decreased Pediococcus pentosaceus
in PMC 2017

evenness (relative
distribution of
bacterial types)
3 Decreased
Shannon’s
01Ja
nuar
y

diversity

Feazel et al, 15 CRS (2 wNP and Middle meatus swabs 16-rDNA Diversity was not different, A Not different - - Increased: a trend towards
2012(51) 13sNP) pyrosequencing and trend towards lower evenness increase for Staphylococcus
5 controls comparison with Silva in CRS aureus
version 104
Aurora et al, 30 CRS Lavage of the middle 16S rRNA sequenced Increased diversity in CRS: Increased in CRS No difference at phylum - Increased Corynebacterium
2013(52) 12control meatus and submitted to 2333 in controls vs 3780 in level accolens, Curtobacterium species
NCBI; analyzed using CRS S22, Pseudomonas DT3-61,
scripts in the QIIME Staphylococcus aureus
(Quantitative Insights Pseudomonas aeruginosa
into Microbial Decreased: Alicycliphilus and
Ecology) Cloacibacterium
Boase et al, 38 CRS and Ethmoid sinus mucosal Ibis T5000 analysis Trends towards increased Increased in CRS - - Increased: Staphylococcus aureus

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2013(50) 6 controls tissue PCR coupled with diversity; mean isolates per in abundance and frequency
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Bacterial Microbiome Studies

Name and Study Sample Analysis Microbiome analysis Results
year of participants type method

hda
Ma
vin
ia
publication
Microbial Microbial Differences Differences at Differences at Species
Diversity Abundance at Phylum order, family or level
level genus level
electrospray ionization masspatientspectrometryincontrols was 2, in Less frequently:
electrospray ionization massCRSsNPspectrometrywas2.5 and in Propionibacterium acnes
CRSwNP was 3.2
Clin Exp Allergy

Choi et al, 8 CRS (5wNP and Nasal lavage (NAL) 16S-rDNA high- Decreased diversity in CRS Increased abundance in Increased: Proteobacteria Increased: Staphylococcus, Increased: Staphylococcus
2014(54) 3sNP) fluid throughput CRS Decreased: Bacteroidetes Corynebacterium and epidermidis, Pseudomonas
3 controls pyrosequencing decreased, from 25.42% to Propionibacterium monteilii
followed by 7.37% Decreased: Prevotella, Streptococcus Decreased: Prevotella
identification using and Veillonella melaninogenica
.

ExTaxon database. *Pseudomonas increased in CRSwNP Staphylococcus aureus increased

compared with CRSsNP in CRSwNP compared to CRSsNP
Author

Ramakrishnan et 56 CRS and Swabs from Ethmoid 16-rDNA Not reported between CRS No difference No difference Decreased: Propionibacterium and Not reported between CRS and
al, 2015(58) 26 controls region obtained during pyrosequencing and and Controls, Diversity was Peptoniphilus at genum level controls
surgery comparison with Silva associated with optimal *Multiple Genera different when
manuscri

Fungal Microbiome Studies version 111. surgical outcome in CRS comparing CRS with and without
pt;

asthma(detailed in the text)

inavailabl

Aurora et al. 30 CRS Lavage of the middle 18S rRNA deep Increased diversity in CRS - Increased: Ascomycota - Increased: Cryptococcus
e

Study participants Sample type Analysis method Microbial Diversity Microbial Abundance Differences at Phylum Differences at order, family or Differences at Species level
level genus level

2013(52) 12 controls meatus sequencing Decreased: Basidiomycota neofromans, Rhodosporidium

PMC 2017 January

diabovatum, Davadiella Tassaiana

Decreased: Malassezia-uncultured
stramenopile
Boase et al 38 CRS and 6 Ethmoid sinus mucosal Ibis T5000 analysis Fungi were only detected in 3 - - - Only 3 positive samples; 2
2013(50) controls tissue PCR coupled with CRSwNP cases and in none CRSwNP cases had Aspergillus
electrospray ionization of the control or CRSsNP Fumigatus and 1 CRSwNP case
mass spectrometry had Penicilium Chrysogenum
.01

Cleland et al. 23 CRS Middle meatus or 18S rDNA tag- Not different - - Increased: Scutellospora -
2014(88) 11 controls anterior ethmoid swabs encoded FLX 33 genera had differential abundance
amplicon in CRS vs. Controls
pyrosequencing

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