1 BYZANTINE STUDIES/ETUDES BYZANTINE
confused natures thie Coun of 754, bu their arguments ato Mon.
pjsinm. All the emphasis plced on the divinity of Christ. Bec they
"hooaht of Crist mony as Ge, the ted and crue the onopils of
"Nestorianism, when the onophes tol them tat He was ao aman an
such He could be crcumsbe Thee i 0 doubt tha the conoclst: Chie
‘ology had Monophyste tendencies Wat we cannot sy with certainty, dar
te the lack ofthe icnocate wings whether the onocats were Mone.
plyster by tenon, o without reasing they fll into Monoptyston
But ses, we su Keep in ind that many ofthe leaders and follower of
iconoclam were af Monophyste origin, Armenians sé Spins. NO msi
What thee te intentions were, however, heir attacks on the image forced
‘he Church to define he meaning andthe we ofthe ina a Chistian
"Tn conslasion we can sy thatthe tve tives of conch wer els
‘ous, based onthe spent of smal segnent within te Church opposing
the wie of te image ne antquy-Theman charge ofthe eonocss aan
the ue ofthe images was that of "wot." and was mail based on he
‘Old Tesameat pohibions. They slo maie ue ofthe ety obetions of
the Church guns the uw ofthe ager in worip.Astime went on Stig
‘he contorey the contac arguments ith Contatine V took Chis
Tope character, But apn this theology was ot something and
‘a, wat formulated by Euscis of Casa buted on Chilo ae
‘mens. The Eusebia nga of this theology, however, di not help the con
lat 100 much, Beng si-Arian, Evscias cool not be accepted tan
tuthorty of Orthodox theology Going deeper inthe examination of the
{heokegy of the konosats, we notice thelr Monoptc tendencies, The
Sin of Cit cng! we ham comits
So, deste the ancient orgin of the iconoclastic theological arguments
Seonoclass was a fale. Is aumeats were outdated, because they came
fom a small spent opposing the geaeral ekg ofthe Church AL these
tie the eon associ with the eunph of Cistanity andthe deve
ment ofthe orthodox theology ofthe Church, Ivar looked upon ape of
the pre and sited teaition of the Chueh, that why those who atcked
ine coudemoed as hee.
St. Nichols Grok Orthodox Ohh Bethe
‘conto dos Teen ur F999 036
YZANTINE STUDIESIETUDES BYZANTINE, 6 12.1979), 195
[NORMAN TOBIAS (Newark, NJ, US.A)
The Tacies and Strategy of
Alextus Comnenus at Calvrtae, 1078
“The rsonstnastion of bates a Byzantine story i iil, fr histo
califormation salmon invariably meager. Alsnople (378), Chalo 480,
Duras (530), Taine (352), and Manzker (1071) ae the best known of he
fare exceptions to this rl. Tots st Clavie shoul be added! Ii
tian foe itary history because it provides gimps ito the sate of he
"An mila” ofthe empeinthe crv seventh century and revel con
Lint in te Byzatioe tof wat tat post dates the callape of the teas
ona heme sate?
in this ore sal undertake wo thing. Fit, hal thoroughly analyz
tue bate for which we hate two parte and delalled accounts Oe pro
Wied bythe Alea of Picea Anna Connea, the daughter of the Domes
Teo the School, who Ted the imperil force) The ther by the eles
in Tie Contre Mest! roy. e413 buy, eva, 8 vin Pi (Cambri
ieee St ph cmp sot ne
fT een Te Bye Bowe te Be fhe Cnn. Pts
aan eee iene moment ax acai
[Sion em She Den of Ned ele Ae ore thereof
‘ten fone arth ih inh Sy By, Sop
sa Ae eae i cerca
‘ani by Haze 3 nen The Ae ofthe rine Ane Comnena Ben
SE 2th Reon ier Fer Ata Emp of te Romen08008
‘to. logon Ka nh, evn Co Li) On A Comota
Se Ceri Si Ac inn noe ye
‘Guage Ua en 192) 13950 Nro Mom oh
Fa eta ea 99). Foner dackon "Aon Comes Hb at,194 BYZANTINE STUDIES/ETUDES BYZANTINE
son ofthe leader ofthe insurgents, Niephors Brynn o named Nistpho
"ts Brjeniun® By comparing their two acount, 1 hope peel se no.
Un of he stateny and tacts employed by the contests In nion th
tats of Calanytae will be sompared withthe fates outed by Leo the
Wise (856911) a his Tacrca® BY comping the emit in heya (ent
cena) with the eleventh century. one wl be abet detente to what Je.
tue there was continuity Byzantine mitay pasts
Phe Pree
“The ttl of Calaryae aon from areata advance on Constantin
ple by NiceporusBryeunns. the Dux of Dacian. Sent to thie tte
Bi outpost by the Emperor Michie VIL Ducas (107178), Byres tk
‘as to gual the ree sebelions” According obs eet wo, the suces
‘Ot his ison led to innsendor at cour tht wis cospn gant the
‘emperor? Aana Comen, however, ins tht Brenna sed des
‘ain his Former benefacor? Be asst. elon broke Ov and Mi
‘hel Deas payed his wal inet in deaing with 2°
“Theinstents onthe other band acted cl. Whe Jha Beyennins, the
pretsders brother, won ver the lca Thracian nobility, Neephosfl.
{owing the eraional iasion route (he Via Fanaa, arched gh the
western pronnss without meting reistance! Probably saesmancip
Well as lary stength wee factor nha sucess, for Ana Compene
describes his progres: with these words: “On his approaching ny ta
rapes (New York Alred&» Koop 1963) pp 196-97"2nd Due Anne Ct
se New Yor: Tae, 1973)
‘SNe Berni ae fm tages mt ayn ie mae
BES 10, The eon tnd ns Nephotvena Comment cs. Mea,
Een vol Cra srr tae trina os an Wane
Salih ns reach tn of fo fur woke oy Haake, Nee
ai elie beh ao 389) ABS ST OS
Stes wet wa Lc, Tat, Foote ca comptes See psoding
he Tt Wi i tan sro
|ALEXIUS COMNENUS AT CALAVRYTAE, 1078 ws
‘woud reeme him with splat hands, and snd hin on othe nxt with
‘Shin."" His progres int is aie Thrace ws, therefore apd and unl
ered. Only at Traanpole dl he meet any eppostin, though i wa a
{he ed theft to actually aecaim hi “Emperor of th Rosana" From
Trajanopolis he advanced t is hose town Adsanopl, Al hong hismarch
he was fue ws “Emgroe by the oa populace At Adianople the st
tepy ofthe campaign was decled. The deion was ot to adrance with the
ttre aon agit Constantinople Bt 10 send 4 pew with feat for
‘eeto septate with Michael Das! This tak wasenttel ooh Bye
ris, the Cupar and Domestic of the Schools forthe argent The
frapetor refused 1 negation, he pt hts in the ys inpesn
ble walls nd inthe abity of hs generals A sege ensued, butt wasindect.
sae and the insurgents withdrew. The deg an the proxy ofthe ns
{es however, toppled Michael Duss, sd NephonsBotanates (07881)
fecceded hi”
From Beyenis fet attempt to win the cpl on can vine some idea
otis sate. Bakaly twas dic approach wih single geographic ob
este Constuatinopl” And this es the eo for i fli, Asstoder
‘heods, Liddell Hart sys, "Asie move on an opponent consoliates an
enemy's bln, physical an pyehoogal, and by consoling increas
is esting power" The ner fore, therefore, nly pared Bren
Uy iat effore Undaunted by eh setback, he tune to ache hija
through aslwer and mor method suatepe ddbcation i it step wa,
therefore to const hs as, especially i Thrace, By thi state, By
Enlus hoped to upet the emperor dpostions, separate hm fom hor
Ges, endanger his spies (ow that Trace war the emp’ ed bk),
Be lal 9,2 9901 6 824: a era rele dre
Dorm nacre scipanny
Stapp 11321-12116: a Bde Ra Ma
hai 8 11.0 hoo th Copley 1, Bay, Te Dp
tin Stn he ia Cay Wats Reed Tet fhe Kegon
ie TS i Ay rm 858
Ie BH tla, Stery, 2a. fem Yok: Far 1967) po. 34041
seam yer see ae ral a anh
‘Seino dt aon ncn Bese bt Sa eg pt,
seein on nn woo ea en196 [BYZANTINE STUDIESVETUDES BYZANTINES
and secure his own base within seking tance of the capital. Pycholog
ily this move added to the dacomffare of lin the cy, with Turks 99
‘ee side and insurgents om the eter Hens, Bryennivs changed his State
from a dict to an indrect approach. Te occupation of Trace wih ism
terl and poychologkal effect wa calculated to dsocate the emperor's bs
lee.
Botaites'suation deteriorated dally. “The treasury was oi of mone:
says th historian Bryenioe ~The Army,” als Ann Coren asin
Ferment 2 a tesonse, Botanites sought to bay pope. He ik th
fees of the state wth sycopbant The historanBryeninsGesrbes thsi
ne ply with these worde “He tted the highest dignites ofthe emp
fot tovalat waco: ov hero ier of 0 members ofthe senator ls
‘rst to tho who showed some zal, but oll those who asked or bed
tim
Finally, lamed by he news that Bryennits was masing alse sale
forces of Thrace and Macon aunt Bi, Botaniates took two dese
‘tepe Fhe appointed Alexi Commens tothe post of Domestic of te
Sols! Second, he sought miltry ai from the Turkish Princes Mansi
{od Sulsyran, who responded with 200 men and ssuice of ro to
lme 2 Meanie, he soudht to delay the insrent hugh potions
Peaps i this way Hotnltes hoped to buy sme vial tine. On the ether
ands he may hve gevinly Ben seking Covet an open ont By meas
fof some compromise. The soiance of tle war alnays.a cardinal pice
[St Byentne strategy, whic found an ely proponent in Besar? and
Sthch repeated inthe Sato of Mace, the Taetey of Lo ante
see 3 she ee ot
‘Redes e Chlan, at Comméne Ener tr mp been aux TF XT
Sey aia pete comm rio nam
i aaraceiits aks on camrttae ame
Sires
|ALEXIUS COMNENUS AT CALAVRYTAE, 1078 wr
ictea of Nicephoras Phocas25
“To cary ou thi diplomatic manuover Botaits wet the veteran dpe
Iomat, the Prados, Constantine Choirorpactes® and his kita, Sto.
romans Those delezter met the pretender at Theodoroplie in Tha,
‘there he was marsaling his amy. Tey greted Beenie acon tothe
{som demanded by protocol He, in tum, responded with cord, fr
he was spb eth the razon fr the mission Storms the
pact of che smbassdor poe fit followed by Constantin Choos
{en eur fra suspension of hse Bryentius wa offered the ite of
(Coes with the strane that he wb tesed Bota?
Bryenins responded that be to wished peace and concord and was ready
to ase the honor which the emperor tad feed him, Bt, he se, tht
it sar no or hima tat he deed the benefits of ese. ais oral
thos who were asocted wih the enterpie: gener, sles and not
‘es°30 Beant however agreed to atep the empeor' ffer with he
Tollowing proves: 1) The emperor should cont al hat he had promised
hs suport 2.) The coronation shoud take places Damosrania (Tha)
‘the church ofthe Archangel Mikal" Obvisuy Brynn waseoncermed
about hit fF he sa“ eta one but God, ut Lave no conience
sda Stet rs te
‘amen ete ofp, em. 0 ater nn
Syirnarre bemoans ona tenes
SiS iis Wheat Siwomenceomnae ea,
12 md Nero we A Sear ete be
‘iy, Vil dCs north 9 (1900.18 we
roe eee eer eee mm
{icon tie de Prot Byeance," noes ofa d Cater Sek
Epp incaacanamennceetaaien cari
Peers Ss wn cremannet
re ome tte
SL cam ae a Sera cert ont iste
Spr ogme ny dae Foray oer ou heey ch co.
Baoan sae et