CHAPTER A 28

*:fu
..i:
KINDS OFSENTENCES
I. INTRODUCTION
,{< qtctl3t cslim q{ilcs 1w{s e<t q{,I{) FFt{t sentence s.frs <rd vT
6qr{q r sentence qrqt s-5-sarqt qqfr{l{s.tfq-<:wE q-*t
t fl<*'f< s+fld fiRq q-flrr {&s
yFqK foE q$fr "tRf m-< s.tT et-sirfs-K I

.lRfr-ql flcrtB<qdqrqt, qsF sentenc" 694 qafr "tRf vd 6q-s tq<

qE qdscs 4r< RG{ <?Fr:Fl I Rslq s
I go to school. (qfrTffi{Q1
<fsifr< vd <n fr1trTo-+ (assertive). ,fis m'fd frl< c-k-6 q-sF frtG <t
<f+ mqnqc*cq tqt{Br,
I do not go to school. (qlfrTcEsRq)
++iFms qsft <ft cq\e$ qcscq, sc< EI qt-cdEa (negative); qFrFf,
Do I go to school? (qfi ft TrE llt,
<ITrEr qsF'E{' qFIFlv qc{cq I Rq <ffitr {fr qs q<?F:r,
C'o to school (}ffi TI\3 r)
€Rr{ sl sm ,{-sfr qrq" t <rF ET I qTcat {-c{-.r W fir<irts <{qt s-fl {l-{ I

May Allah bless you (qtgl.C FITK qq-q s-+-{ l)

Efi SF frm ConaFm aqld{ erdfi\5 Er I mt{ csrE Ts't firq< <l,TiF
sReFFf'l.'c<-
v1;1 q6;{-<i
frcqre
How nice the bird isl (ft 1q{ "ttfittrt)
€rs-cE qq< wq< Ge qs sf{ eroffiE <qt r qfr cffl stl-{qsF qfsFrs
gi-lr{'t erslfuccElt
{wfl( cq?fi crlE c{'{r{< elir fren-w< €rsT.l +<I {R I q<( qrqstr q?r
efsFlF-{Rrrr{ Tfr€t rrq€qcs qrr€rr{{-qtcs qr I qF eer<i {B qrscq
RfrX e-Ora< (FE (various kinds of sentences). ql effi{Nq'erql fo:u sfc{l.rn
q+tqcet r
 Grammar , Kinds of Sentences 509

II. CLASSIFICATION (G{fttuT't)

qd q-{'fir< sentence-cs FFRFIu {tu wul sl'l F-{tqrs {rcs s

A. Assertive sentence (EC{E-$ <l+i)-<{qt {<tlg I

B. Interrogative sentence (Ef,({S$ apai;--qgqBu +r< r

<l-si)-q&{, q$<tq {<il{

EoKq-t,
C. Imperative sentence (qrq-{Tq-s t

D. Optative sentence (slT{lc<t{s <lst)--qafu<f slT{ltr4ll{ |

E. Exclmatory sentence (Rq{ c{crc <Ist)-qfs1t$ qtr<{ GT{ qFlq,

* 'E;:r
srfifuffidrm r

,${K qsrEK R-gll?e wr{tFqF slsrl {ls s

III. ELABORATE DISCUSSION (fffi qtrqlFrt)

Asseriive sentence *hS#{,+K #l''"""

An assertive sentbnce is a sentence which simply asserts
something"
tthq e ,{E {{-cfi <lc$]-{ uth'q[qRqs subject + verb + extension-({ei
qC{ arlTs l 4{lc{ extension 3alF verb-q-<l ffi<qq<ftRTs {<iTm r

fraq 3

I go to school.
s v ext.
He is not a good man' 1'hey are playing. ?Sitfr r

qrtr &fr{ Trq firfm 3 Assertive sentence El-{t rsl{ Ei $s 4I {1, qt

q< c'lc\ eXr{Itrs E"€ (O qlrs q.|; €< El{i csr{ qlr<{ (fr{'{, ffi, Es"l, W)
ers.rfts q-s'ql, \518 q< c{c{ qlr4'Fr{ fie (!) <rc il t ql{F q< qRl (Sl-{ FIT-{I,
<.[qtd{sT<lRqt I

Classification (ci{ftFM{) c
Bplc-q{ W{<qerql ffisA {il {1'{ G assertive sentence nE er+t< e

(a) Affirmative (qt-fCq-e) senterrce.

(b) Nesative (c't-6{l{-s) sentence.
Affirmative sentence : C{ fr1BEto 4 assertive sentence-€ r'sl4
(a)
ftg< q€-,rd ql-cElrc (affirmative) Sfu +-gt ql vlr$ T(4 affirmative
sentencg.
An affirmative sentence is an assertive sentence which affirms
something.
crE;T t I do it. fqTft s-slqsR r)
He is a boY. (Cti qS-qE {6l.s 1)
Man is mortal. (rrgx<{fte r)
They came here" (9-3i e"fcq efilRE l)
ErrFts{ c Eqc<{ c-sl{ war? coiq frqrs irftot< s-<1 qctq4t; qfrfr <TrsiQ
co-q frl-*r+ fi-or< o'fl qcq <I sl{ c?ffi ft-Gt'{s Efu <r<t q@ I W{t( <t+lem
affirmative.
 510 A Passage to the English Language
(b) Negative sentence : C{ assertive sentence-€ CflqftRTs
$A-S.KS<I
q{ vl6s TFI negative sentence.
A negative sentence is an assertive sentence that denies something
6{sFT 3 He is not good. (frslqTS r)
He did not come here. (cq e{fcq qffi r)
Man is not immortal. ({{S ET{ CrS t)
I have no pen. (q1q;g mfl +-ql OE r)
qrFi sir c qffsl< #<l
E1t{< qGm <Trsji crr{ fr-{-flcs (aenv) qcq | {e--{r(
<f$i'ef{l RC{l negative.
uth g Prnsent indefinite tense-4 negative <lFj qcq verb-€i
.:.n.!
"ft{ S-fcs
9krt do not,/does not Tqks {S I (verb {fr ordinary verb eF t)
CFFT t I eat rice. (affirmative)
I do not eat rice, (negative)
She eats rice. (affirmative)
She does,not eat rice. (negative)
Ttrl Tt{C{, does iFl-{kt S?tC{ negative sentence-( verb-4i qT[ql s,/es
{GE{at r

I Past indefinite tense-ei negative {f$I lt}{ T-{[s Er{ verb-€i E[Cd
did not T{fte q{ i (verb qfr ordinary verb R{ r)
tr5Fi s I ate rice (qlft qE cliTk{..N r) (affir.)
I did not eat rice. (negative)
She went there. (6{ 6q"flrq {mq r) (affir.)
He did not go there. (negative)
:[C;I Tf{C{, verb-€R qlCtl did <{fq A verb-4i past
S't <I{{< S-{.1<H {l,
present fr1<Ffqfn sif(s EI I

. ! *uy, might, can, could, shall, am, is, are, was, were, need, dare
ffi'666u1, semi-modal or defective verb <ti-sj elfsrE (Use of some
modal, semi-modal, and defective verbs-g{IEl Ch'{) ElfS negative SF(E
qcE cof{ qeR"g5 do/does/did 3IE{< +-+re qs ql, sl6q< qr" sI
not cTlrl o{Cs
q{ I cr{{ 3

He may come. (6{ qF'rs 9llK*Cs|{{'l) (affir.)

fle may !ot.cg-mg. (cl at-e qFns 'ffK) (neg.)
I can do it. (affir.)
I can not do it. (neg.)
We shall go. (affir.)
shall not go. (neg.)
\tr/e
I am a student. (affir.)
I am not a student (neg.)
They were tired (Fl-s). (affir.)
They were not tired. (neg.) Qqtifr r

I Present €{( past indefinite tense (iGh q'{rl=B tense-€K negative

sentence-{bq OtrCs q5q & tense-€K affirmative sentence-q C{tr auxiliary verb
efir$ qT elK not Tql(s qS I
 Grammar : Kinds of Sentences 511

C{trFT 3 I am doing the work. (affir. present continuous tense)

I am not doing the work. (neg.)
They were walking. (affir. past cont. tense)
They were not walking. (neg.)
She has done this. (affir. present perfect tense)
She has not done this. (neg.)
You will go. (affir. future indefinite tense)
You will not go. (neg.)ffi r

frcr-?l exercise F ql o'm "r<-<6f en-ailuql 4g { r

EXERCISEI A. Fillin the blank.

1. q{ 65[Q sentence-ffifi I

2. I go. <ISJF {6fl sentence.

3. Assertive sentence ef$K'{afi,
(a) and -r.{SF
(b)
B. Make the following sentences negative. :
1. I go. 2.lamaboy.
3. He has- eaten rice. 4. He can make dolls.
5. She will come today.
Ans. B. 1. I do not go. 2. I am not a boy. 3. He has not eaten
rice. 4. He cannot make dolls. 5. She will not come.

B. Interrogative sentence
Gi sentence-El-fl qSE qi {<flT glftF interrogative sentence ?[FI I

CT:FT3

Do you know me? (gR ft gfi'165 65-a7)

<f+lB qRI <-wt q-ll qs <lftr$ qsF efi sfl6e I qfr {6;II interrogative
sentence. ERfq' <-EI Tl{-
An interrogative sentence is a sentence which asks a question.
r f{fiB' 3 Interrogative sentence-q< a\rsqrfl ?<rFtB qt'cq r firu-<
EqRnqqrfl m?n-q @?<FBrerq't (slrEq<T<11s5<i3 {r{4 r

I eai rice. (affirmative)

I do not eat rice. (negative)
Do I eat rice? (interrogative) (qfR ft qs q?l)
qSI Tif t Inierrogative sentenceFCg subject €3 qfC{ auxiliary verb
<r:rc{ {do). q<s. q< 6.16{ €-sF el$<tsrs fiQ (note of interrogation'?') {I{-{io
qf$Cq I qeIFfi qffl interroqative sentence rl-gffi1b ,.' r
{hq g A*, is, are, was, were, have, has ffi yst6 e({'l qfr assertive
sentence-{ auxiliary u".6 frf+C{ <I{ds {[ {C{ principal verb Rc{C-{ <l<A-s Cn
sl{E & sentence-CQ interrogative q SflgRs T-?fCs qfE & verb afElCs'
t-,{< ql['t {FlG sentence-4l c-lc{ qT,F (l) Fg <{(E ER r frrFI s
512 A Passage to the English Language
I am a teacher. (assertive)
Am I a teacher? (interrogative)
He is honest. (assertive)
Is he honest? (interrogative)
They are happy. (assertive)
Are they happy? (interrogative)
She was hungry (T$6). (assertive)
Was she hungry? (interrogative)
I have a cow. (assertive)
Have I a cow? (interrogative)
(or, Do I have a cow?)
They were tired (Sl9). (assertive)
Were they tired? (interrogative) ffi r

EfsFt Slt s S9|CT{ <fs}elqtcs am, is, are Egfifr verb e6{T fte
auxiiiary
verb Rccr< <I{Q-s q-<fr r T'RI$ verb g& Tle-$] Tfq qsF I auxiliary verb v;[
verb c$ tense $6{ qTqRi sri r verb {fr qsfrt qcql sRre sl qF T.Irs qrqFl
s-{C{? Iq<li qe({i qtr$fq auxiliary verb T{, principal verb. frq I arn
eating rice Fl6{i am {6{1 auxiliary verb. FR6l "am" "eating" verb FtrS tense
urarq{RRir-fcq r

I Assertive sentence-€ can, could, would, may, might, dare, must

should, ffi (modal, semi-modal) verb s{{I auxiliary v€rb RCq-r< aI-€6E
9-[-S interrogative GIC-9 qCE & verb aI-{i-6S subject-€i qftrl {CRE qTI r

m${3
t.
S
Can he do it? (interrogaitive)
S
They may come today. (assertive)
May they come tod^y? (interrogative)
You should do it. (assertive) (Flffi ,q-sfq S-<1Btru r)
Should you do it? (interrogative)
She could do ii. (assertive)
Could she do it? (interrogativs)
She dared not say so. (negative) (Cc qsclt <EIro qftc qmfr r)
Dared she say so? (interrogative) (c{ ft ereE <Efrl- cRq ctes&Ef)
f Present indefinite tense-{? assertive sentence-C$ irrterrogative
l:-fF qrq vF subject-4-( 9lI4 (verb qfr ordinary verb $) do,/docs <qfs W
e<(<lr$t< c.tcq (r) se <qR€ Es | 6{T{ s
I go. (\ffiq qlQ) (assertive)
Do I go? (ffi ft 4Qr) (interrogative)
He goes. (assertive)
Does he go? (interrogative)
Rahim reads a book. (assertive)
Does Rahim read a book? (interrogativei
 Grammar : Kinds of Sentences 513
lN Past indefinite tense-€i asseriive sentence-fs .tegatiue Ffiv qro
{verb Tft ordinary verb Rr qdR modal, semi-modal, defective verb 4I {T')
\tlK subject q< qt{tf did T{f('s {.{, verb {K present ft+t <Fl-qF F{F g;
q<'(<16$I<, C"lCr (r)
{q
Fe<qlFq{'i c{T{ s
He went there (assertive) (fC Ccrl.t(q
Did he go there? (inierrogative) (m ft cqrfirq it"TfrEl)
She came. {asseriive)
Did she come? {interrogaiive)
We played football. {assertive)
Did we football? (i
I q"4tf$ tense-4? interrogaiirre sentence ufbl E-<no qfe & tJn;
S-{F G auxiliary verb Tl{-dl{ {Sfg q{ vlTS subject-q< qft{ <{Re E{ I dtR(
qlrnl* elF (?) fi-a <qI65 qs t4r{-{ 3

continuous I am eating rice. (assertive)

tense Am i eating rice? (interrogative)
Fresent
Perfeci She has done ihis. iassertive)
tense Has she done this ? {interrogative)
Present
perfect I have been readig a book for an hour. {assertive}
continuous Have i been reading a book for an hour?
tense (interrogative)
Past
continucus She was swimn-rlrrg. (assertive)
tense tffas she s'ruimming? {interrogative)
i:ulure
indefinite They will go. (assertive)
tense Will they go? {interrogative)
Future
continuous They will be eating. (assertive)
tense Will they be eating? (interrogative) ?-'cffi r

I Cf;F 3l(4.l interrogative {Fff Sfi (when), C$lpll{ {whereJ,

(how), F
.ffi {which), fs (who), EFift word {interrogative pronoun,
adverb) {m {6s EIE slcs tq6qr.F qgq1q s-{65 EC-{ €8 word 6s {r<rj6
qeE{ qq-fs q$ I EI{+IS auxiliary verb
{cio, did, ha,",e, has is, was, lvera
fufi) <'citr er I

When did he go? (c{ crra

When will he go? {fr 6?f.i sldE?)
Where did he gc? C4 eeTq,rt'S filrs&Er
Where will he go? ({-{ ffieiH sffi4
How does he do it? {6{ Rnsle{ € F|q F6S?)
How did he do it? (fi ft-Etr< e'<Ec EaQtr)
APTEL*33
574 A Passage to the English Language
How has he done it? (CC C$T{'sfC< qslq $f,nlq?)
How will he do it? (cl c+m Tr< q-sfq FTc{?)
Which pen do you want? 19fi renomtrute4
Which pen will you buy? ($fr m.l16a1qFft-467;
Who went there? (6s crytkq {Amtrql)
Who did it? (cs$ffioc<Rqz
Who will do it? (sIsF Cs elrci?)
qsl Tit 3 When, where, how-ql word eC{l-S {f{ auxiliary verb
<rqrq TER"FI <[T'Cq subject. frg which q< efdt <-c{A s?FF noun (41116{
pen) 4{i 9lneK {CuKR 3sg11ut verb, r5iR"l{ {C{Ce subject (q?tl6{ you). qFIR
who €-<trof{ 6$Ft auxiliary verb 4l <fC ri-<fCR principal verb <Ififq r sKeRI 6S.l-{
subject 6{Q I ft-q continuous, perfect 4{( future tense-( who 4i el6d

auxiliary verb T64 I ,

NOTE: 4SF negative <l=lsif$ Rrl4 interrogative T-SI ER \5{{ Elf$ Tffi
negative interrogative sentence.
c{5FT 3

He goes to school. (affirmative) (c{ EC{ {tT t)

He does not go to school. (negative) (fr Tt.T <Ft iI r)
Does he not go to school? (neg-interrogative) (C{ ft {6t Tlff 1l)
qrF F?t s frfr{ <t+iF W-q.I negative q<( qr$t interrogative s6 yeT
<miF "tts*t CtlE I <Flf<, interrogative-( subject qfr noun q{, sGt
ql6{t r[Cq
not subject-4< qlCtl <{.f< I tr5lq-Does not Rahim go io school ?
frru-< exercisefr qt sr< q<r+qqlcqlu;lt fl9-6< i'l r

1. Am, is, are, was, were. have, has {Q verb gl{l

ff6ST principal verb Rmm <iqq.o- qT sl-qcq Vkat interrogative-€ Se||gfts
{r6eq6qfto<r\tq3? 7 fr€qTq3qfrm{<ns r

2. May, might, can, dare, could, should, must Igfifr modal € semi-
rnodal verb C$f{ <tf$] auxiliary RmC< RlTq.r- qfq slfs interrogative T-{6s q{
ft-emr z FEqrqaqft.-T{4fie r

3. .4FF affirmative Tt+ir+ negative $K q<( & negative <T-SjfrfS

negative interrogative ffi I

C. Imperative sentence
('{ sentence-€ 514 vlch=t (order), $oy6qq (advice), q{'c-<lq (request)-
A$FIE CT $l"Cs TFI imperative sentence. CsT{ s
Mother : Rahim, go home. (order) (<fu A& {re (wl[q"l))
Doctor : Take this medicine every other day (advice <l E"nm) (qR
s{{EE& q+fi-{ fl< e-$ft-{
"rTcr{)
 Grammar : Kinds of Sentences 515

Customer : Give me two seer of rice, please. (request) (q-{l s13

qrTlr$EE crKDIEfr{)
TE<I({EI STT-
An imperative sentence is a sentence that expresses an order, a
request, or an advice.
frq imperaiive sentence al F{rEt ft qc<l ET lft{ <tfie q{ fr-sfr{ sl
q-{.tfte1l46.6EC{ I

uttl c Imperative sentence-q< {w{jfr (qfm{, q{rd{, Bol[q't) second

"s! person {l you 6$ qTT TC{ {ql qT I fuq q? you {lcol E-q e[r$ r q{q
:t:l I Imperative sentence-€K subject q[4l second person (you) {t E"{
ellr{ r

I Sentence EF qS principal verb fi-C{ t

sft: Verb + Extension

verb-€i "feqffqqg q(.lrs q{fr{ extension <-{l qrq I

G:l-{ s (you) Do the work. (atufr o-< r)

*q5q 'ffi s-{" ltc{ 'S" sIsTtr s-{ I frE qf qfr <I(qt <l Ecr<ff 6st{
qTICEt <Kqrd S-$< E6{|q-{ q{ { r q<{t {f{q< T-{rq\e Fcctl9|?Falr{ qr{s {illl
T-<l{lT r

Take care of your health. (cslTl{'tftrg< W qlte r)

Verb
q3r rki'qrE[ 'qR" ffou) 6,c-1ff{ {fu-<< <F 1t€ r ft-q uR 'qfr" (you) E{
K-CTR I

q{fE mqt C{4 6{ second person-4 imperative sentence verb EI=II eF

q{t
o+F eq1{ Frc{-
EFF'g- fiTiT ql-{ 4"{ frrrlu grammav 3Q6oQ 6?fi qcT cfl1s fr first r3 third
person € imperative sentence "Let"-El{l \9T q{, 6T5FT 3

Let me go. (qqlcs R'ce qt€ l)

Let him go. (qrs c{F n€ l)
fiF-qqfr q <netrc( fr1rc c{T.t s-rcs Ee q $Kc"l c{ stc<rs <l+lern]ru
firsrt person s third person <-"165 ft n<nm <ce q 1? irtr I Let me go-
{16$i first person qml me-{l (IC€Iil subject;l.rtr, object. q{ftqs subject {({l
'you' rt \F', <i<el qdRc<E-{l 5-6rEs &frril mt<tt :rF r

q.|{"fr$ 6Tcs qls I

tdrs'-verb-F{ frrs vrfirqQ c<l{fi rl-l R {rsrB qrftE qKsE-

efil vlqrs c{re- qts r qdts (you) Let me go :
qdls q{lr{<lr$]< subject {c{l you. Let Tl-64 ntBc-o cO-+ frE +-+co cn-<l r

<F qfl qsF verb. G{Kls Rl6sl Let {6{l finite verb, go q6fl bare infiniiive,
verb cll 1 6a44'\;q-66 cqF q'ts" {-r+l-"t c{cs to go = infinitive frpE, let-q<
 516 A Passage to the English Language
fl<qQ toEq fiSfqI'c{cE'<l'to go'{CTl infinitive Tl verbal, verb;t{tr€F
verb celm sp vr+ <f6f,i verb q< rE srq r"F r} EI{6{ let rfcr sfr csrwfl
r
qfr ?tre' sfi Es wT't "cs FGi?" Rr$q fufl" nqF q6ql ?le' f,{rp" ..cs"_Qt
B-€TErql qfr'<l you. {EKl( firtt {kq R-
{{TF6QQ imperative sentenec-€3f subject q6{l you-ll second person.
T6$i firsi € third person-q3l Sqlt e{lC{ lfuqia|s <'ffi q[q qT ql I

EqR{qF qRs uq$da frr<}T +-{t qt+;

Let me go. (qmr$ C\rfrc lite t)
qls'tB< Tst it speaker Cs sl qT-{l Wfr s} r q{q ..6s" <fiq .q.iqlr$
Rrs
qt€" El<IrsiqT.Fl€q{ tqF qtK cT-
Rahim said to Karim, "Let me go."
fil\'fE Rahim QFT speaker. q{q "Let me go"-Vi1ffi speaker. (g.{}
<lsi$T T$, sB <qrq ql<l< y"[ coB i) $f{ce speaker sfr qr€ <l<'ds Ts qx;{
cor* <ifu qg io-c< fr frs-{E & qtreia subject T{ r qr<R Let me go-(qqr{
*aT€Tk"
cqetr qis) <1-rsj? +-*1qrq,t me (ffi;. ft-q qfr \' infinitive-q< <6| r

{{ verb qrql "Let" <I "qle" I €{ "6qn1g' <6t c+l <l cqrg ..cq-K" csl clt
quT.l< T-6 I
{s<1( You-E qrq't Lq{fr{ subject <.,t E-{ TR"fq I qTs "fcF
irnperative sentence-€ "you" ES'l q{I CsT{ person-? subject R({6< <f<-qE
tcs "ttr<
al r

e-{.li Flln-s/ftfrrfi stT qq/qffoq<r+ 5a;a qBrnf"f cfr,s fit{IcTa sl Et{

Eqa? mrv ms$?tq.|fr qIsrc{R{tslTssc{TR r

EXERCISEi '?"= {si .{<q'fi"=fram rEq r

1. Imperative sertence 4K subject Bq enf+ .fi r

2. Imperative sentence verb frC{R9T{* t

3. qqfrs +t"efr $-{fe- {-lc=1*1 I do the work <ffi cfrs =i.q I

{{l? imperative sentence -dn q,r{€ s'Cn$fr BqlE{"i tr'3'

Do it at once. {order) letQ c+f,n o< r)
Speak the truth. {advice} (:lsI Safi Sq t)
Please (or, Kindly), show me the way to the nearest market"
(requesr). (rutF'r<qNRs Fr"qrefl{fus<R-{
qfi At{fq g q'{f<t{ 't{ cqfarcn cqq r)
(requset) T{$CE imperative sentence-€R eCfeq <l
{"16{ please ?l Kindlv *fqfr csFt ?-{fs qT i

EIESIISEj 1. lmperative senrence-€-rr subjecr ft qFr trl ft ee qree

qtft qlr e$mr fu{E Eqt{<.i fr-cT
Tu;ts r

2. Imperative sentence e+ q{ ft frCgl Order, advice, request 1<fCs

ffiqfu<lsrthqsn r
 Grammar : Kinds of Sentences 5t7
q'K-+tr Fqqsl< &frq a Let-s{ {lT{l{
fr60-{ example E"F qV;
Let me go. qls l)
(q'l'Ilm cscE
Give me a book. (qllt.s <oF .€ nts r)
qsll, <lrsF E-t€= 1"1, ft-q fr-qT Tlmt3t fire=give. Give q].{ Let fug
GtrtR qa frfic qR r Give fic{ qmf c$|{fu {Kp qTs q{.rrs fi'Tt; f{f{ <q,
E"iffi{ W cqitT r qfr {cql ss €r+t< qlt <t RRffi r ftq rct-qq1a1Q6E 6qa
i#f fiq s-{ca cqTl, csf{frR q{q F-{t (CqTt) l-{ r G:t{ Let me do the work-4i
':; qdqnl 'ffi-$ ofsF €cs ql€ t" sFFIli{t q{1 n', qtfr TIsTtr o<&, gfr AC
frc.rtqt r Let-€K qfu{ril-{ s 'trte'<K{< s-<l qr vR qtT't (<t$Tr{) qFfr
qq$Frsl fult (fuxt+re; c{5Ft, e+cs) e166 r fr5r{ 3 Let me go. 9l{lfs c{cE
(s>R+66) qt€ I

ft-$ give s<q-{i4CA-{ R 'trTe" <raqf< F-fl q{ g-f{ qlcrf q-64'qffi n6un
<tfui;qqltft$Tfr$q'{ r

c{q{-Give me a book. (qm-$ qsB <t (RrW) nie r)

.!fifi-E.{t{<|C\e "l|-{s<l(qls'qle" ctfsrEafi Let {hq<t give q-{q;4 E'6tr
iotro Rqreftco Ery{E s-{cs qr I fr68-{ bqR{q ES ffi{ "lTdsjfr sTK€ sFrqr<
sluT-fls 'F<r{ s
Let me read now. (qlTfrs €rlT efpco Ele t)
Give me a book. (qlllrc erF <Q qt\e r)
qdts, qelT qTltrcs "n€"-q< qri (<lcER) flg+is=etgcs (qq'fif-"[rl
ftn) <r<quqrrcq .!<( frqT <lTifts'?ts"-c< w{ (<t) qsB Rr.Rl <l
noun {FfQs {6{KQ I

EXERCISEI Translate into English.

1. qltrfrs qsts ql{ qts
2. qlqlrs qFfr c"tco qtrs
r r

3. vfmOsrF<'Tcatt€ I 4. R-sfs.c-sFF'lq (job)qls r

5. lq]i-rs qcHY{rr\5fi€ |

D. Optative Sentence
cs <FT El-fl qr{iT Ret <t Tlffil, qt?f* q{< T<fl{ \5R-S Tf{ optative
sentence.
c{:l{ s May you live long. (EF ftdQR qs r)
<f$IFIp Ts;l (speaker) q-il qs-q-{ vfu< (you-c<) ft{€i<-{ sfil{T grcq I

qE Ef{l optative sentence. sRCq' TEt <l{-

An optative sentence is a sentence which expresses a wish or
desire of the mind.
 518 A Passage to the English Language
5l}* e Optative sentence frqr< rffts qT
Ei {t gi]T[E qi efs]I<-{
sentence-fs n1SSt calrs ICr<-Q6s qT{qS-dt qq{ q54 q1 I
WRT( q1 ,ft{ gifTrg
EC<;
I optative sentence-€i EalC{ Cl{tR"le= may_verbfr Tm I C<T{
s
------)May.....
r qReR {k q-{'i stw sjll q[q \e-l{ noun itrl pronoun Tcq I cqsFl
s
-------+Mayyou.....
iJn
I qsteR c{ s.BTtr Si-*s <'c{ s.lT-{.T T_{t RCEq' st ftare infinitive;
'',*',.
s,/es,zing,zed -Rl-g) qc6{ r

R5FI 3-----) May you live . . . . .

f EF'f< er3Tefu word {-\F F,c{ <IsI cs qd"l{ s-{-C\9 qr{ I mFI s
May you live long.
---)ftq sfr Tllll <I eFffi q+i aTn€ sre & <lfu< s-{ +-fi qrs_qr"t x+F
ErSrE qft-mqr<fimr"t s
Qql({May.....
st{eR c{ $tsiB sts, <'cE $chT s-fl qcq eK
verb (s/ es/in9,/ed-qt-91;,
CTiFi S May Allah bless . . . . .

sEt'lT {l{q.6{igFffiT.-${cqE6t nouniil pronoun. g 6{:FT

May Altah bless you. (qffiC CSFRqfis_f{
qq<$$qfu< opiative sentence uff,q F-{.cs qTl
r)

EtqTq firF-{ exercise ft q"tli TT s.l

I s-{re qE$ct Tt FI{rq sT{ q<ftRt
D'{Ssl-< qC< qFrq s-{-Cs flKr< r

EXERCTSEi G'rr< qqFlb {tflardl q{c-{cl T'6< <fslerElrs

Q(I<-QFEq<tqaR r

1. ca ft-<T"Rr. (safe} fr.c< vtlq.r (return).

2 qf-SR vlK qqtT c{t{ (hetp).
3. <R{ ftrfi.ffi cqro r

4. qTkq< cqFnsB q"ffsfrq ara qff-q

5. vRllft cCIs
r

q<n frcu< Eqq{qq@} 1s

e
May she return safe.
May Allah help hirn.
May Rahim live long.
May our president live long.
May they be happy.
NOTE , €"rcc< exercise ft-a qqs6a66 gfr cwn< vx<m +m&cq frertK
wq qQEqRiq erEr{frE
*cq e{so-{ r
 Grammar : Kinds of Sentences 519

E. Exclamatory Sentence
6{ sentence-q <E'R qr'r-{ q-$fu-s-q'lc{tt-Es?t, <ltt, frqr, {?I
qsilfr-
qfur-v-rc<efoft 4{glrs?I'ffi exclamatory sentence- 6<l'l;[ 3
How nice the bird is ! (ft T{< ffilFD
qqBT-d s <lsl'FF<s1-<46"< q-sBqlsfr.s qr{ f qFft<lfr{'{CfuR-\,ftq
sFIFlq qcr-cq I qF qcEl qrft exclamatory sentence. sR6{ {q.l {l{-
An exclamatory sentence is a sentence which expresses a
sudden emotion or strong feeling of human mind'
g'q-{ $elr$d sqt-{<q q<(
ffi$t 3 Exclamatory sentence-q< ?<FiB q6q1,
c(ER frv*q a
Fr?iR,
6 ffi qFKrr{-{ qr+Fn+etrqtt qsFi4?6{ |

! q{E verb €K 9ttrt subject 3C{ I

r €< r-RF qrB note of exclamation <l Rm'g'c<Iqs F€ (!) <Kqe S{ I

uflT g Exclamatory sentence qFIICE-{ ffi{ fr<T{ <-€ +ifrqfcq <r-<-ds

q{ I {s-fli qQ qTqT <]r$j< ird{ q-{fi q]qcs Er< I ftfud-sir< exclamatorv
sentence ut'l-q a-<l {l{ r

n:r{ 3 --------------)@
GTfi 3
-F6r;ti"a -M -E U
ft Uq< <ffit = How nice the house ill
abj. NP be
ftwq+t<4fr-slF!: How interesting the poem is I
ffilsF ft qq! = How honest the man is !
c{ ft vH &Et = How good she was !

qqElsit s efrfr Tfc€J-R noun (<l(ElT) 'fi enF 't" (=tt-te) "lvitRE firf'lsfr
q6{Cq
<.r<-qo qC$re I q|<l qq-fl \51rc W{EfE GIIE the+noun TIif{I{ F{Cg
I

(T5f{s The bird= 1RF

The Poem = $ffi
The man = ffiTFtsitft r

<lqq|g <Irsj-< q? s'tfB ercrEe slrs

q{Kqs Eelc<'{ qq-g structure q.{clr<
+3l q$ r ftq foF{ structurefr cr."l q<( or3-Eff afalq5al
e1-s 3
?qrtrq1s translaie

c{'n;i 3

How hgnest is i or$ frl)

1ft cq '{T-qd
# #
How beauiiful a flower it is ! (ft fl< srfr {4
q !)
How nice a pen this is ! (ft qr< c+F T-4q € !)
 520 A passage to the English Language
How interesting a poem ius ! (frT-q]R qsfroR_s}
qbilq t)
How big an ant it is I ({s7ft <-\s.qS
f{"trg e r;
Elr<-< <l(Et <lslerER-s .qrF, .i-q.trT
t${-$rs. a,/an v{dE{c$6q
Ers, ;-* s_{ r q< sttrc.tg
r

.crl<fiLE<Eqffiqtil
"lg I

How fine the picture is I (ft

Tq< qfrB t)
How fine a picture it is I (ft
fi< qsD qfr efi t)
How good the man is! (fi.f+Fftumr;
How good a man he isl (fr C+-W-{\r-|{ qf$ 6T!)

1. ft qcTRq (charming)@r
2. ls Tcrl_{-n qsF T$. qr
3. ftDIErc erqfir '
4. fturqls q$F ezE.{r

f What-frG$e exclamatory sentence ,ilq

o-* qR I CtT{ s

R{;I 3

What a (ft mtTtqfr!)

{gol you are!
I'rP- NP-
What a scoundrel he is! (ft \,.?-qr.l cCt)
qFl et s E'lc$s <fsj' efEks
Csl{ adjective 6{R r fool €rf(
scoundrel {6{l
noun, adjective {S I fool (t adjective_
foolish <f_{qR S<Ig-t'.*
'How-frR {ri {t{ +-scv
{s;
How foolish you are! (= what a
q-{\3 qSj'4-9, fool you are!)
adjective_€i qlCE CfF article
qkel <m,cq r
(a,/an) Wfi; fu noun €i
{fi <rrsl' adiective allrs vfi E-lfs What*ERl translate €{ru
firo.cl <rsr tit{ s-{5', E{. s q6_a

_--->
 Grammar r Kinds of Sentences 527

Cqq;I s

What a fine picture it isl (flo 1t< coF Rfr ct; =11o* fine a picture it is!
abj. NP NP
(what 4R( how frcr 4Ss a1-aq'fi-6 'th.r< tqt+i <lB s;T r q{TFt'6
adjective €< qlTtt a,/an €R( l-<-<-qBLg adjective-€i "lI-{ a,/an <C{[q I

qalTftFo adjective q< efc< €sfr noun (Np) <r<-q\5 W-TCR fuq 6{TT{EN
adjective-43tr 4C4 a/an tIl{(EK1-< noun (NP) {CCfq I

What a big ant it is! (ft <-v .cs Pt4i9 et;

. = How big an ant it is!
What an interesting poem it is!
: How interesting a poem it is!
What a good man he is!
= How good a man he is!
What a profitable (Etsef;f$) business it is!
= How profitable a business it is!
Tfqtefseftn s|{t qq-{,rK exclamatory sentence <I<Ids q{ { CfF verb
WVt?'rftoq* r

(q5l{ s How silly! (fte-.IsfRt)

How fat! (ft o.FID
How fine! (ft c-{<!)
How interesting! (ft T-qKl)
Hcw sad! (ft q errf< frwt;
qdl\ lHo*l-[aaFctiE
E- *-t* <w {68 ere r qmt<
What a chancel (ft {t<llfl)
What a luck! (ftUant)
What a fooll (ft r<f+rt)
What a scoundrel! (ft<nrntl)

-,tslc{ <t-q
qctq, et6ic-

wrcq I

q|<]<fi[F<<]TtqrEl efs s

What a fine picture! (ft qq< .!sF Rfr')

What a good luckl 1ft d-Otl;
What a lucky chancel (ft n<{ Wqltt!)
What a bad time! (ft 5 amll.l
What a bad man! (fr <lrsr .la 6lo!)

<FF
-qv.lr{
ufft\5 qc*cq r
 522 A Passage to the English Language
C+T{ qt{fu dq-{i {<tlcIo subjunctive mood-€ (Mood-S{Il6{
q?Fqft{,
(Erl) exclamatory sentence ttffro SS, E{{ <lE {6s
E{ fiTqCq c
'q€{t'qir{ 8 trerel-M-M E
6rFt B Were i a kingt (vlfr {fr WIT!)
Tlatl
Were I a bird! (vlfr {fr qstr "nft Wnr)

ftia e

6{:Ff B Were I a rich manl (qfi {fr {s-q{ qft @Ts WIT!)
Were he an honest boyl (c{ <ft qos-{ cs cqfs qo!)
Were I an educated man! (qtfr <fr esq-{ Fifrs etl_o WT{D
ftr<teF q-M-FaFctiq n
rfla. s Were I richl (Wft {fr {fr Nt{!)
Were I strong! (qfr {fr tffi CqN!)
Were I strong enough to kill the tiger!
(qtfr {fr<ttfuT qkm rE {ffi Nr{r)
"{1'Ef" q6ef g

@-ME
3 Had I the wings of a dove ! (qTI{
6{:14 Sfr TIcl|IE< IE 'fl?tl
alr6\g !)

Had I two wings! (sfl.ffi<frq$E:l-+tc[-su:)

Had I a houset (q1"q;s {fr s-sF <lfr cfTss!)

ftme

cTqq B Had I much money! FfTR {fr Aq< EI+I aFr-s!)

NP adj. NP
Had I a strong physique! (qllKqfrq-+E mqel[ss!)
I Affirmative sentence-€i fr&{ pattern-€R g'-fl g6si6
sentence Pattern q{Ilr{ 6q"1, Eli€ pattern otl€nk q-{i Some Modal, semi-
Modal, Defeciive, and Auxiliary verb E{IkT 6erl t