suction and Bling Matera 9 (2015) 1078-1088, Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Construction and Building Materials journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/conbuildmat = Low velocity impact behavior of RC slabs with different support types Ozgir Anil**, Erkan Kantar”, M. Cem Yilmaz" inl En Dep. Crlt Bear Unversity, Mona 4500, Torey HIGHLIGHTS + Support type and layouts had significant effect on the behavior f RC slabs, {Increase in support stilnessof specimens resulted ina decrease in acceleration. ‘he layout of support llected the maximum acceleration, velocity and displacement “increase in number af impact drops resulted ina decrease i maximsm accelerations, { Nimeically ealeulated acceleration values were higher than experimental ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT ean Studies focused on the effects of supporting conditions on the behavior of reinforced concrete slabs sub- Received 4 Febery 2015, Jed to stati and dynamic loadings may be found in he literature However, inthe literature no study Receive in esa form 7 Apri 2015 ‘was found about the effect of variation ofthe support conditions an the behavior of slabs subjected t9 impac loads. Consequently. an experimental study was performed on the behavior of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to impact Toading, Fight (8) squate reinforced concrete slabs with dimensions 500 x 500 x 50 mm were tested by changing swo parameters; () support type, i} suppor layout. In Towete pan toner ‘eope of he experimental sy ferent supp aysts ere conser on 2 msn suppor pes vam {ie te and hinge supports) Inte experimental tu. impat loadings were spied toe ecens Ae pe sings drop weit impact et et vp. Aclerstion-ime responses of tore specimens were messed by dropping a standaré-weighing hammer from 3 height of 00 mm, Effects ofthe parameters on damage distibution. number of drops, acceeration-time. velocity-ime and. displaceme: responses were investigated, Variations of velocities and displacements were calculated forall specimens by using measured accelerations. Finite clement analyses conducted using ANSYS Explicit STR software was used to simulate the experiments. It was observed thatthe results obtained using the numerical nel was in ood agreement with those obtained Irom the experimental stud. 1 2015 Elsevier Ui All ights reserve. 1. Introduction effects in comparison to the studies on static and dynamic load effects. The main reason for such inadequate research is the fact Reinforced concrete slabs are widely used structural members, that the analyses and design of structures subjected to éynamic Slabs are designed by taking into consideration the effects of veri- cal static and dynamic loads. Impact load is a type of impulsive dynamic load that is not taken into account in the design process of slabs like other types of structural members, impact loads may ‘accur due to several reasons. Typical examples are transportation structures subjected to vehicle impact, marine and offshore struc- tures exposed to ice impact, and structures sustaining shock and impact loads during explosions. Several other examples of impact loads may be listed. However, there are little studies on their Cnrenponcing sur. Te: 190 3125823223; ax 190 212 2208424, mal eres: oanltzae es (0. An impact loading are generally very complex. and such analyses are further complicated when working with inelastic materials. such as reinforced concrete, From the review of the studies including impact tests oa rein- forced concrete slabs t was observed that the drop weight impact test set up has been used in such studies (1), Studies on this topic were mainly considered the fects of special additive materials in concrete on the impact behavior |2-5]. Ong etal studied the beha- Vior of fiber reinforced concrete slabs subjected to low velocity projectile. The main variables of the study were type and volume fraction of fiber. The type and volume fractions of fibers were poly- olefin, polyvinyl alcohol, steet and the volume fractions were O&,0. ea /Comtruction an uling Marl 952015) 1078-1088 1079 Nomenclature Je compression strength of concrete (MPa) Jj: yield strength of reinforcement (MPa) Ze thtimatestength of reinforcement (MPa) E: elastic modulus of reinforcement (GPa) diameter of reinforcement (mm) Be slab reinforcement ratio. 1%, 2, respectively. Totally, 10 squate slabs with side length of 1000 mm and thickness of 30 mim were cast and tested, Slabs rein- forced with polyvinyl alcohol fibers exhibited higher fracture enetgy values compated to slabs reinforced with polyolefin fibers (2 1m their study, Ramaskrisha and Sundararajan focused on 4 different fiber reinforced concrete plates. Their study presented the experimental investigations ofthe resistance to impact loading of 1/3 scale square cement mortar slabs with side lengths of 300 mm and thicknesses of 20 mm, The tested slabs were rein- forced with four natural fibers such 3s coir, sisal, jute and Hibiscus cannabinus, Loading was applied using a simple projectile test Four diferent fiber contents by weight (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.5%) and three fiber lengths (20 mm, 30 mm and 40 mm) were tested [3]. Habel and Gauvreau studied on the impact behavior of high strength fiber reinforced concrete slabs. Theit study presented the experimental and analytical behavior of rate-dependent tlwra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) Specimens manufactured using UHPFRC were tested with three and four-point bending arrangements and responses were deter- ‘mined using plates subjected to quasi-static loading (4). Farmam etal. focused on the behavior of high strength fiber-reinforced con- crete slabs in their study 5). Rao etal. cartied out an experimental program to investigate the behavior of shurry-infitrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON) slabs under impact loading (|. Results of these studies showed that the reinforcing materials in concrete have pos- itive effects on the impact behavior of both plain and reinforced concrete slabs in terms of increased energy dissipation capacity, ‘number of drops and improved acceleration-time relationship. In literature, a limited number of studies on the impact beha- Vior of concrete slabs may be found. Zineddin and Krauthammer Investigated the effects of diferent types of slab reinforcements and impact loads on the dynamic response and bebavior of rein- forced concrete slabs. In scope of the study, reinforced concrete slabs with 3 different reinforcement ratios were tested to observe the effects of the variation of reinforcement ratio on the impact behavior of the slabs. Another variable examined in this study was the height of dropping weights. Experiments were conducted by dropping constant weight from diferent heights |7|. Therefore, from the literature review no study was found about the effects of support types and shapes on impact behavior of reinforced concrete slabs, Consequently an experimental research study was conducted focused on the effects of support types and shapes on impact behavior of reinforced concrete slabs. ‘The results from the conducted experimental study on the behavior of reinforced concrete slabs or panels, with different sup- porting conditions, under the effect of impact loading may be used In practice-Reinforced concrete plates are used as protective bari- ers from land slides and rock falls in mountainous ateas. Furthermore, tunnel slabs located at the tunnel entrances or brid decks located on the highways are prone to dynamic impact loads ddue to land slides or rock falls. Conclusions deduced from this study may be used in the design process of such structures. In this study, eight test specimens with four diferent support layouts for both fixed and hinge supporting conditions are manufactured and tested. In the experiments, the impact loads are applied using a drop weight impact test set up. A hammer (the impactor) of 5.25 kg is dropped fiom a height of 500 mm and accelerations of, specimens are measured in relation with time, Changes of the ‘number of drops, acceleration, velocity and displacement are mea- sured and evaluated, In addition, ANSYS Explicit STR Bnite element software is used for the numerical modeling of specimens and the resulls are compared with the experimental results, 2 aperenental programs 2.1. Tes species and materials ‘Suppor pes and layouts ae sed as vasiabes in his reset study. Hinge and fied supports. which ate widely used in pac. ate used Together wth fur fiteresesppart ayo) suppers an for ies tee sir to a8 athe etal of support conditions are vent iz 2-Topevie the aed supe “Tobe shows the properties fst seams. The aigeted concrete comp sive stregth for he specnens was 25 Maan the average concrete compressive ‘concrete minture.The concrete combresive stent ofthe specimens was mee cenciete compressive stengts. ment rates on beth directions wece equal p00). The renfrcemeat used ‘modulo lsticy value offy= 256 Pf. = 412 MPaane tively. To measure the mechanical charetenses of he ren fone a 1 1) Top view of pecinen uso 1 Side view of specimen ig 1. Dimensions and eeiforcemens eteSeon aes Spm apis fx cme sale Sebaccrmecannas seca tinseamenteeea somes Gee asem |B 2 fFomateghte!'500 mm to apply inact loacng tthe sane contact point near ta prevent loa ates pt ent nde obtan sland drbon Mek Special palyurethane rubbers are also placed between the loading plates in the cst specimens, Fulthesmore the capac of dyaume aecelefomtets abd