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Artículo 217.- Los acreedores se clasificarán en los grados siguientes, según la naturaleza
de sus créditos:
II. Acreedores con garantía real.- En términos de la LCM en su artículo 219, corresponde el
segundo grado (fracc. II); y son distinguidos por encontrarse su crédito garantizado por un
derecho real, aunque la LCM lo limita a dos posibilidades:
a) mediante hipoteca, y
b) mediante prenda; debidamente constituidas, y habiendo cumplido con las
exigencias de las normas que les son aplicables.
III. Acreedores con privilegio especial.- La LCM, en su artículo 220, define a estos acreedores
como “todos los que, según el Código de Comercio o leyes de su materia, tengan un privilegio
especial o un derecho de retención”.
IV. Acreedores comunes.- todos aquellos acreedores que no se encuentran ubicados en los
relacionados con antelación, la ley les denomina “comunes”, otorgándoles el cuarto y último
grado.
The Law of Commercial Contests (LCM) establishes within the genre "recognized
creditors" identifiable and grouped species of these, taking into account the legal nature
and matter (objective criterion) of the credit, classification that for purposes of LCM is
called graduation, assigning them an order of payment preference among all recognized
creditors.
Regarding the graduation, the legislator establishes it in the LCM, arranging its existence
and conformation as follows:
Article 217.- The creditors will be classified in the following grades, according to the
nature of their credits:
I. Particularly privileged creditors.- By virtue of article 218 of the LCM, creditors are
included in the grade in question, to whom a credit is recognized whose origin is:
b) Illness expenses conditioned to this being the cause of death of the merchant.
II. Creditors with a real guarantee.- In terms of the LCM in its article 219, corresponds the
second degree (fraction II); and they are distinguished because their credit is guaranteed
by a real right, although the LCM limits it to two possibilities:
b) by pledge; duly constituted, and having complied with the requirements of the norms
that are applicable to them.
III. Creditors with special privileges.- The LCM, in its article 220, defines these creditors as
"all those who, according to the Commercial Code or laws of their subject, have a special
privilege or a right of retention".
IV. Common creditors.- all those creditors who are not located in those related in advance,
the law calls them "common", granting them the fourth and last degree.
According to the degree that corresponds to the recognized creditor, it will be a reason for
special rights or faculties within the procedures that will be carried out in the stages of
conciliation and bankruptcy, different from the other creditors.