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There are 5 major problems with regard to data privacy issues:
1. Ed tech startups indicated that they do not “prioritize” student a data privacy concern,
compared with trying to acquire customers and developing their product
a. Entrepreneurs might think that data privacy rules hinder innovation. And
therefore, when they first develop products, privacy is not really a priority.
b. The companies drew initial ideas for their privacy policies from peers and
competitors, and refine those policies later
c. The startups perceived that investors did not seem to show a “meaningful
interest” in student data privacy protection
2. No one set of standardized rule exist defining student privacy. Therefore it is up to each
district to decide what software to use.
a. Data collection and storage requirements are driven by federal, state, and local
levels. These laws are not always consistent nor are comprehensive. Therefore,
it is up to each district to fill in the gap. And as a result, the edtech companies,
parents, and schools often are not at the same page in terms of data privacy
concerns.
3. Selling or purchasing an edtech startup may or may not mean selling student data that
has been collected so far
a. When selling a edtech company, student data may or may not be part of the
deal. And that is often even without notification of the data originator(the
students) or their guardians.
b. ( The elephant in the room with EdTech Data Privacy )
i. The student data management system PowerSchool changed hands
three times in 16 years, and had difficulty in maintaining students’ data
privacy.
1. Powerschool keep track of student data from attendance,
misconduct, to performance on academic assessments.
2. High ownership turnover rates are a common phenomenon, and
each time it happens, it opens the possibility for weakened
protection around its student data.
ii. Google App for Education(GAFE)
1. It is a very popular education technology that just hit 110 million
users
2. Schools might place all information in a single GAFE account.
a. Prone to hacker attack and info leak
3. Allow Google to mine student data.
a. Google makes about 90 percent of its profit from selling
ads and collecting user data on an ongoing basis
4. Electronic Frontier Foundation sued Google for mining data from
G Suite for Education users who use core services outside of G
Suite for Education contrary to their user license agreement
5. Google admitted that it scanned student email for advertising
purpose
4. Some schools refuse to give up apps or social media platforms proven to release
student data to thirdparties
a. The recent Facebook Scandals involving Cambridge Analytics gave rise to
concerns about Facebook’s data privacy capability, yet many schools and
districts continue to push posts to Facebook, using it as their main mode of
communication with families
b. Facebook’s privacy policy, which is published to the public, outlines that
Facebook has the right to gather and track users’ post, comments, and activities
including metadata, including how long or how often did a certain user stay on a
page. Facebook can then use those information to choose what advertisement to
show
c. Making younger user more prone to advertisement brainwash
5. School districts do not always read the user agreement thoroughly
a. FERPA, the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act is clear that any
personally identifiable information should be masked. Schools should avoid
asking parents to sign user agreements with edtech companies that request
permission to use, publish, or otherwise distribute these data.
b. A Pennsylvaniabased virtual charter school named Agora Cyber Charter School
is already charged for violating FERPA this way
6. EdTech company experience cybersecurity issues
a. FBI warns Educators and parents about edtech’s cybersecurity risks
b. It warns that “widespread collection of sensitive information by education
vendors, such as Web browsing history, biometric data and students’
geolocation, could present unique exploitation opportunities for criminals
c. The memo presented by FBI stated that in 2017, two large edtech companies
experienced cybersecurity flaws.
i. One company exposed internal data by storing it on publicfacing server
ii. The other experienced a breach and student data were posted for sale on
the Dark Web
7. Students can breach School IT
a. A 12 year old middle school student breached the IT system of organization with
$100 million plus funding
i. Rochester Community School district’s IT system was “hacked” by its own
student
ii. Is it the student who to blame or the district?
Key findings by the Commonsense.org about the hundreds of education
technology related application or services
A majority of applications and services use Default Encryption of information for
login and account creation.
A majority of applications and services disclosed an Effective Date or version
number of their policies.
A majority of applications and services disclosed that they do not rent, lease,
trade, or Sell Data , but many are nontransparent.
A majority of applications and services are nontransparent or explicitly allow
Thirdparty Marketing .
A majority of applications and services are nontransparent or explicitly allow
Traditional Advertising .
A roughly equivalent percentage of applications and services have either
nontransparent, better, or worse practices about Behavioral Advertising .
A majority of applications and services are nontransparent or explicitly allow
Thirdparty Tracking .
A majority of applications and services are nontransparent or explicitly Track
Users across other websites.
A majority of applications and services are nontransparent about creating Ad
Profiles .
A majority of applications and services are nontransparent or explicitly allow the
onward Transfer of Data .
Planned Research Paper Integration:
Ivanović, Lidija, and YuhShan Ho. “Highly Cited Articles in the Education and
Educational Research Category in the Social Science Citation Index: a Bibliometric
Analysis.” Educational Review , 2017, pp. 1–10., doi:10.1080/00131911.2017.1415297.
Body Paragraph 2: Distraction
Although technology has significantly boosted our economy and moved the society forward,
heavy use of technology could instead lead to some negative consequences such as being
distracted, misguided by wrong information, and cheating
Distraction:
1. Between 2011 and 2017, the percentage of adults owning a smartphone more than
doubled, to 77 percent
2. Cal State Dominguez Hill’s researchers said that young students are more confident in
multitasking and do it more often
a. However, the ability to multitask is a myth, our brain focus on one thing by
shutting out others.
b. More and more research show that multitask will lower students’ grade.
i. Media Multitasking and Cognitive, Psychological, Neural and Learning
Difference
ii. Multitasking in the University Classroom
iii. Laptop multitasking hinders classroom learning for both users and nearby
peers
3. Do classroom engagement technology such as iClicker really encourages learning?
a. Do classroom clickers improve learning? It depends
b. Researchers have discovered that these devices encourage students to focus on
memorization instead of understanding the deeper, conceptual topics. Students
without a background on topics covered in the course might fixate on the iClicker
questions, rather than delving deep into the material of the course.
c. Clickers can promote fact retention but impede conceptual understanding: The
effect of the interaction between clicker use and pedagogy on learning
i. “Incorporating activities that involve students in active inquiry and
problemsolving may be much more helpful than simply offering clicker
questions in class, even when the clicker questions are conceptual in
nature”
Misguided by False information
1. With the speeding development of technology, the websites owners wanted traffic and
higher rankings on the search engine. Many information has been copied from one
website to another without checking its authenticity. Thus, learners are misguided by the
wrong information available on the website
a. Some of the biggest platform of fake news are Facebook and Twitter. And
surprisingly, 62% of American reported that they got their news on social media
b. A list of fake news sites can be found here and here
c. As Joseph Finkelstein, an SEO expert, said, one the fake news sites, “the articles
themselves are just stuffed with hightrending, low competition keywords
associated with current news stories
d. Students who do not know how to distinguish between facts or fake news are
citing those unproven articles online
i. More than ⅓ teachers said that they have cited false information found
online
ii. In one case, one of the teacher said that “one student did not attend
school and hysteria ensured because they thought there were killer
clowns roaming the street with weapons.
e. Primary school pupils sharing sexual content in classroom
i. The NASUWT survey found that around 62% of teachers said that they
were aware of pupils sharing inappropriate sexual content, with as many
as one in six of them in primary school age.
Cheating
1. Of course, technologies are amazing, but they are also being misused by the students
as a shortcut with their assignments or even rightout cheating.
a. According to the Wired.com article titled AI is making it extremely easy for
students to cheat
i. Students in Denise Garcia, a math teacher in West Hartford, Connecticut,
used Wolfram|Alpha to solve a really complex calculus question that
Garcia did not expect her students to be able to solve.
1. Wolfram|Alpha use Natural Language Processing (NLP) to
process a math equation, and produce both answers and steps to
solve it. Making it impossible for the teachers to see whether that
student actually solved the question on their own
2. Making it a great cheating way to go through homeworks for high
school and college students.
ii. For years, students have been turning to Cliffnotes, Sparknotes, for
speedy reads of books, gain points for classroom discussion, and going
to Wikipedia for historical information when writing their paper
iii. Cell phones
1. As schools lift bans on Cell phone, educators weigh pros and cons
2. Cellphones can easily take notes on their digital device, text their
friends, or take photos of the exam and send it to their friends
3. A new survey by McAfee , an online security software, found that
⅓ of high school students admit to use cell phone or other devices
to cheat in school. And 6/10 admit that they know someone who
use digital device to cheat on exams or quiz. Which correlate to
the 2009 Common sense survey that shows a 35% student body
reporting to use their cell phone to cheat
Planned Research Paper Integration:
Stanojević, Dragana, Dragan Cenić, MSc., & Stojan Cenić, Dr.. " APPLICATION OF
COMPUTERS IN MODERNIZATION OF TEACHING SCIENCE." International
Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education (IJCRSEE)
[Online], 6.2 (2018): 89106. Web. 29 Oct. 2018
Klimova B., Kacetl J. (2018) Computer GameBased Foreign Language Learning: Its
Benefits and Limitations. In: Cheung S., Lam J., Li K., Au O., Ma W., Ho W. (eds)
Technology in Education. Innovative Solutions and Practices. ICTE 2018.
Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 843. Springer, Singapore
Mishra P., Henriksen D. (2018) Of Art and Algorithms. In: Creativity, Technology &
Education: Exploring their Convergence. SpringerBriefs in Educational Communications
and Technology. Springer, Cham
Body Paragraph 3: Cost
Perhaps the largest obstacle to adopting education in technology is least surprising cost. Not
all schools are provided with equal funding. Cutting edge technologies requires a significant
investment. And with certain technology become obsolete or outdated in a few years, it is no
wonder that the budgetbound schools are very cautious about moving forward in implementing
technology in their curriculum. There are 5 main reasons why it is hard to implement technology
due to cost.
1. Straight forward hardware cost
a. People have proposed to implement AR/VR into school education to help
students better understand science by 3D visualization or have them experience
a tour in virtual reality.
i. However, the average cost of a VR headset is around $200 dollar, and
they all require powerful computers which cost another $2000 dollar each.
ii. That is about $2200 dollar per set of device.
b. Schools might consider purchasing cheaper technologies such as Chromebook
i. They still cost around $100 $200 each, and would require additional
accessories such as charging cart, support personnel, internet setup, etc
2. Lack of training:
a. Teachers have to receive proper training to effectively to incorporate technology
in their curriculum
i. Teachers needs to be trained on how to use Google Admin Console ,
which is an application that can select what application can be installed,
accessed, or blocked on the computer registered under that console.
ii. Teachers need to be trained on how to teach students to collaborate with
Google Suite such as using Google Doc, Google, Classroom, Google
Slides, and using video conferences.
iii. There are many more educational applications on Chrome Store that
teachers might be interested to know.
iv. Teachers need to know how to use a blog system , such as the one with
Canvas, to post assignments or task list so that students can simply log
onto the computer, go to the corresponding application or webpage, to
check their task list.
v. Another interesting application that would require training is how to
incorporate technologies such as gaming to engage students.
b. Cost of training and having support personel is one of the main cost of
implementing technolgoy, according to RAND
3. Resistance to adopting new technologies
a. Lack of training and lack of familiarity with technology fuels this issue already
time crunched teachers and administrators resists adopting new technologies
which will definitely bring more issues.
b. It is understandable that teachers might develop this resistant mentality when
they lacked the full support or even the push from the administrator. Furthermore,
parents might also be against to expose their children to more technologies.
These two forces combined hinders the integration
i. Due to the addictiveness of technology , more and more parents are
against letting their children to be exposed to screens for too long.
4. Too much red tape
a. It is quite difficult for startups to make a profit in the education sector. The whole
point of startup is that everything goes by really fast. However, due to the
structure of schools, when startup market their product to the school, even if the
principal of the school likes it, they still have to go through the Chief information
officer, the school board, state policy makers, and etc.
b. The bureaucracy leads to less innovation, and push the technology companies to
focus their effort on other sectors that have a shorter business cycle.
c. According to what Suren Ramasubbu wrote in a huffington post,
i. “For technology companies within classroom to be effective, there must
be noticeable benefits resulting from it and concerted studies are required
to quantify the effects of technology on education.”
d.
5. Insufficient infrastructure
a. Even if the school district was able to pass articles that assign budget for
purchasing the education technology service or devices, they would still
encounter the problem of lacking the infrastructure to support these technology.
b. The largest issue is lacking sufficient network access. According to American
School and University , 6.5 million U.S. students lack adequate internet
connections.
c. Report from EducationSuperHighway says that more than 9400 schools fall short
of the minimum bandwidth for digital learning
Resolutions to the Cost problem:
1. 10 Edtech cost saving strategies
2. Public funding to provide internet access
3. Increasing trend of connecting students to the internet
4. Corporate giving initiatives
a. Dell
b. Google
c. Apple
Planned Research Paper Integration:
Smale M.A., Regalado M. (2017) Recommendations for Technology in Higher
Education. In: Digital Technology as Affordance and Barrier in Higher Education.
Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Kiryakova, Gabriela, et al.
“Http://Ljournal.ru/WpContent/Uploads/2017/03/a2017023.Pdf.” The Potential of
Augmented Reality to Transform Education into Smart Education , 2017,
doi:10.18411/a2017023.