One Way ANOVA

One way ANOVA assumes that data are normal, balanced and enough to evaluate 𝑠𝐹2 /𝑠𝜖2 . Also, that 𝑠𝑖2 are
homegeneous. Yet, the 𝐹 − 𝑇𝑒𝑠𝑡 is robust enough, that results are acceptable, even when those
assumptions are not fully met. Power of the test is the most important assumption. It warrants that there
are enough data. Statistical computing is required; but, manual calculations serves didactic purposes.

Sums A B C 𝑘 = 3 Sums Square

63 67 68
60 63 67
61 71 70
62 69 71
------------------- ------ ------ -------- ----------------------------------------------------
𝑛𝑖 4 4 4 𝑁 = ∑𝑛𝑖 = 12
∑𝑦𝑖 246 270 276 𝛷 = (∑∑𝑦𝑖 )2 /𝑁 = 7922 /12 = 52272
∑𝑦𝑖2 15134 18260 19054 𝑆𝑆𝑇 = ∑∑𝑦𝑖2 − 𝛷 = 52448 − 52272 = 176
(∑𝑦𝑖 )2 /𝑛𝑖 15129 18225 19044 𝑆𝑆𝐹 = 52398 − 𝛷 = 126
∑𝑦𝑖2 2
− (∑𝑦𝑖 ) /𝑛𝑖 5 35 10 𝑆𝑆𝜖 = 50
------------------- ------ ------ -------- --------------------------------------------------------
𝑣𝑖 = 𝑛𝑖 − 1 3 3 3
𝑠𝑖 = √𝑆𝑆𝜖 /𝑣𝑖 1.29 3.42 1.83
𝑀𝑖 = ∑𝑦𝑖 /𝑛𝑖 61.5 67.5 69

One Way ANOVA Table

Var. Sources 𝑆𝑆 𝑑𝑓 𝑀𝑆 𝐹0 c.f. 𝐹𝛼=.05,𝑑𝑓𝐹 =2,𝑑𝑓𝜖=9 = 4.26
F 126 𝑘−1= 2 𝑆𝑆𝐹 /𝑑𝑓𝐹 = 63 𝑀𝑆𝐹 /𝑀𝑆𝜖 = 11.34 > 4.26 ∴ 𝑝 < .05
𝜖 50 𝑁−𝑘 = 9 𝑆𝑆𝜖 /𝑑𝑓𝜖 = 5.56
T 176 𝑁 − 1 = 11

Tukey HSD Test

𝐻𝑆𝐷𝑀𝐵 −𝑀𝐴 = |(𝑀𝐵 − 𝑀𝐴 )/√𝑀𝑆𝜖  /𝑛𝑖 | = |6/√5.56/4| = 5.09 > 3.95 ∴ 𝑝 < .05

𝐻𝑆𝐷𝑀𝐶−𝑀𝐴 = |7.5/1.18| = 6.36 > 3.95 ∴ 𝑝 < .05

𝐻𝑆𝐷𝑀𝐶−𝑀𝐵 = |1.5/1.18| = 1.27 ≯ 3.95 ∴ 𝑝 ≥ .05

Confidence intervals
𝑀𝑖 ± 𝑡(𝑑𝑓=𝑛−1=4−1=3,𝛼/2=.025)𝑠/√𝑛 = 61.5 ± 3.182 × 1.29/√4 = 59.448,63.552