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Bio – social and

Socio-cultural Systems
Societies are biological in character and hence the name ‘bio-social system’.
Societies may be classified into two broad types depending upon the nature of
social patterns.
Social patterns are determined by
Heredity
Culture
patterns fixed by ‘heredity’ may be called ‘bio-social’, and those fixed by
‘culture’ may be called ‘socio-cultural’.
All social species exhibit the ‘bio-social system’ and man alone exhibits the
socio-cultural system.
Place of birth
Heredity, the main trait Methods/way of living
of Bio-social System Relation with nature
Cultural behaviour
Family
Man-made Environment /
Marriage Built Environments
The social system meets its basic needs mainly through the mechanisms
that are determined by heredity. The society is in the grip of organic
evolution. In order to help the organism to adapt and adopt itself to life in
society the hereditary structure gets modified in the case of bio-social species.

In the case of human society uniformity is not found. Though all the
human beings belong to the same species their social patterns differ from place
to place and time to time. The individuals respond to the social situations
mostly instinctively. It does not mean that all the members react in the same
the physical and psychological
way always because
characteristics of the individuals differ in predetermined
ways.

The social patterns are not determined by heredity alone,


but by cultural transmission with the family. Culture
affects our biological capacities and limitations.
The term "socio-cultural system" embraces three concepts:
society, culture, and system.
A society is a number of interdependent organisms of the same species.

A culture is the learned behaviors that are shared by the members of a society,
together with the material products of such behaviors.

The words "society" and "culture" are fused together to form the word "socio-
cultural".

A system is "a collection of parts which interact with each other to function as a
whole"
Bio-Social And Socio- Cultural Systems

Social & Ecological


Cultural
SOCIETY
MAN

Economical &
Political

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