Ruthanne Wass

Dr. C
English 2
25 October 2018

Annotated Bibliography

Global warming is a rising crisis that many are starting to become more aware of. Many

before have only viewed it as a hoax, but slowly science and the Earth itself is telling us

otherwise. My topic would be that of Global warming and what ways it’s affecting us and how

we might be able to stop. When will it be too late for to stop the effect on Global warming? The

scientist in the UK say we have exactly 12 years to stop it before it’s too late.

Climate Change. BBC News, BBC, www.bbc.com/news/topics/cmj34zmwm1zt/climate-change.

Right now the climate change increase is 1.5C if it gets to 3C there is no going back

because the effect we made on the plant is irreversible. However is order to keep it at the 1.5C

we all need to make an affect starting now everyone in society needs to change some of the ways

they are living. Making the change in energy systems, changes to the way we manage our lands,

changes to the way we even move around the world with transportation. A new study says that

by going past the 1.5C we are walking a fine line with the planet’s liveability. And the 1.5C

temperature “guard rail” could exceed in just 12 years time, 2030.

There must be rapid and significant changes in our cities, industries, land use, and energy.

One way to help with that is to buy less meat, milk, cheese, and butter because cows aren’t

helping keep the carbon monoxide levels down. We need to buy more locally sourced seasonal

foods, throw less away. Change our cars to electric and walk and cycle short distances. Our

lifestyle changes can make the biggest change to the effect we have on global warming.
 The writer's purpose for this article is to help people understand that we need to make a

change and how we can go about making that change. The audience for this piece is someone

who has slight education over the topic but is willing to learn and know more. The people who

want to make a difference. This piece was written in a way that anybody can understand what the

main problem and effect of global warming. It breaks down with images and videos on news and

information and showing us what we are doing wrong. There are several different European,

American, and Korean scientists who wrote this article. They have a moderate background in the

field of study and degrees to prove it.

My main fat question was what is causing global warming and what are some ways we

can stop it from getting worse. They ways I found out from this article suggested ways that you

don’t hear anywhere. Everyone talks about the big impact plastic has on the environment but this

one talked about limiting your cheese, milk, meat, and butter even. Which makes sense because

of the type of gas that cows produce impacting the greenhouse gases. Not only that though but it

talks about how we need to make a change now, and the temperature rise we can’t let the earth

get too.

De La Fuente, Alberto, et al. “A Human-Scale Perspective on Global Warming: Zero Emission

Year and Personal Quotas.” PLoS ONE, vol. 12, no. 6, June 2017, pp. 1–16. EBSCOhost,

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179705.

The consumption of all the foods, goods, and the transportations we use are some of the

major drivers in climate change. However with the way these are affecting climate change

problems it makes it a bit more challenging for individuals to recognise just how they are

affecting the problems. The number one problem isn’t plastic, yes that’s a problem, but

greenhouse gasses are a huge impact in climate change. CO2 is one of those greenhouse gasses
and in a single year the US can produce as much as the pre-industrial period. The problem with

this gas is that removing it from the atmosphere requires a long scale time plan. In the Paris

Agreement of 2015 we must achieve the “well below 2 degrees C” which means we need to stop

using CO2 almost all together.

Since the world has taken an approach to slow down global warming the political

discussion that has been adopted is focusing on countries that should reduce their emissions. But

even though these greenhouse gasses are a problem pointing our fingers at others isn’t going to

stop the fact that “human consumption of goods, food and transportation are the ultimate drivers

of climate change [15], and we argue that the top-down approach underestimates this fact such

that together with worldwide agreements and technological upgrades, changes in human

behaviour are critical to address climate change.” During the UN climate change conference in

2011 all the countries recognised that they had to start taking a different approach to this,

different legal agreements needed to come to light. The Intended National Determined

Contributions (INDCs) came to play this was an agreement that is on it’s way to working. It

allowed each country to draft their INDCs independently, taking into account their own national

circumstances. This was to help reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses.

However that helped solve a little bit of the problem but it didn’t solve the individual

problem. It’s called the ‘grasping’ problem and what it means is humans aren’t understanding or

even feeling responsible for the global climate change problem because of the nature of the issue.

“climate change is produced by the collective action of billions of individuals— many of whom

are already dead, although the costs of their actions are shared among the entire population,

including many not yet born. In other words, actions and consequences in the context of climate

change are disjointed in both space and time, which makes it very difficult for individuals to
engage in actions against global warming [18].” We can only make little changes and

agreements and what this author is trying to get at is that we need to make a change as a nation

and as individuals. The writer is trying to inform us that even though the CO2 levels are high and

the nation agreed the Paris Agreement or some did anyways. Is that it doesn’t matter humans are

still causing the most harmful problems for Climate change and we need to understand that. In

our food waste, in the ways our food is produced, our transportation, and our goods the material

things we claim we need. The audience for this piece definitely have to have a firm science

background to understand why the CO2 gases are a problem and just general knowledge that for

humans we are wasteful.

With this information I’ll be able to talk a little bit more about the fact that humans are

the main problem in Climate change and that there are ways you can fix it. It talks about the

Paris Agreement and the INDC agreement where the country keeps track of their carbon output.

It brings to light agreements that we’ve all heard about but maybe didn’t know what that meant

or what they’ll do. This way in the research paper the flow should be good enough that the

audience will know why they are the main problem for climate change. How they can fix it and

ways the nation is trying to already fix it.

“The Scientific Method and Climate Change: How Scientists Know – Climate Change: Vital

Signs of the Planet.” NASA, NASA, 7 June 2018, climate.nasa.gov/news/2743/the-

scientific-method-and-climate-change-how-scientists-know/.

Holly Shaftel published an article that brought up the scientific method and the rises in
CO2 levels. The sources were from 1960 to about 2012 so again they were not as current as they
could be or should be. But her point in writing this article was educate everyone on the science
behind coming to the conclusion. Its to help them understand how scientist come to these
conclusions and how they get answers. She didn't seem bias in anyway, more so she wrote more
about how they came to a conclusion about global warming. She broke down the steps on how to
do the scientific method and how scientist use that to get answers. In the end they come to a
conclusion about their hypothesis which other scientist read about and try to figure out what's
what. This article was more factual but less so on global warming and more so on how to
science. On how to come to a conclusion and how that can influence others to dig a little deeper
and find out more.

Is global warming a concern we should be worrying about? Yes, in an article by live

science it talks about many facts. Temperature has indeed increased over the past 100 yrs from
0.4 to 0.8. Now that may not be something many notice because sometimes we can have colder
winters one year and warmer ones the next. But over 100 yrs the temperature has increased now
this has not dramatically increased the ice caps in melting they always been melting we just
haven't noticed as much. It's like when a toddlers walks into the room everything is fine while
your watching them but the second you look away is when something goes wrong. Carbon
dioxide, the greenhouses gases being released by fossil fueling has had a great effect on the
environment and global warming in the past 50 yrs.

Facts are the truth 99% of the time they aren't made up and have data to back them up.
Opinions come from reading facts, you start to pick up on things and pay more attention to the
topic. Opinions are what help us grow to discover more about the facts we’ve heard. This author
used facts they kept it simple told us what is happening. They didn't give graphs or charts they
just said this is what's been happening over the past 100 or so years. In my opinion from the facts
I’ve read yes global warming is real. Its a change in temperature and climate. Weather will be
warmer but that doesn't mean it can't be freezing as well. Water levels are rising, tragic weather
is happening more frequently now. Hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes whether we recycle
or not won't change what's happening but we can take steps to slow down the process.

Halley, John M., et al. “How Survival Curves Affect Populations’ Vulnerability to Climate
Change.” Plos One, vol. 13, no. 9, 2018, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203124.

Human actions are causing a giant impact on animals who may or may not be on the endangered
species list. Because the loss of habit isn’t just a problem from the growing population of
humans but animals who once lived there have nowhere now. But not only is habitat loss a
problem so is the fact that the climate is changing because we are expanding and living in a way
that we believe has no effect on the future. Global warming is effected but so are the vastly
different environments Africa is becoming more dry and barren, Antarctica is rapidly losing it’s
ice caps and the water levels are rising. These changes impact the whole communities of
organisms because it’s not just about the Polar bears, or lion, it’s also about the inspect and bugs.
“We also find that abundance variations in high fecundity populations is driven primarily by
fluctuations in the survival of early life stages, the more so if those environmental changes are
auto correlated in time. We show which types of conservation actions are most appropriate for a
number of real populations.” What we need to understand is natural selection and how that the
animals will learn to survive but we can’t risk losing so many of these organisms as they adapt to
a whole new environment.
The writer’s purpose to writing this article was to inform the people who know of science
and biology everyone is at risks. We hear about the bigger animals and the bees but we need all
the animals because we live in a circle of life we live in a food chain. When one thing is
eliminated from the chain it affects the whole ecosystem. The audience for this piece would be
anyone with a high school degree because we learn about the ecosystems and food chains in fifth
grade science.
With this information I can talk about how the environment, ecosystems, and food chain
all play an effect in the rise of global warming. Many people know about the extinction of the
animals but I feel like they don’t know the effect it can have on that ecosystem, and if we lose
multiple organisms it will cause a huge chain reaction. Losing animals isn’t just about them
vanishing from the planet it’s also about the role the animal played. Natural selection is
important, yes, but this isn’t natural selection this is one of the effects global warming has on the
environment because humans can’t understand that they are the problem and that it won’t go
away on its own. We need to make a move as a whole and individuals we need to right the
wrongs and make the environment better.