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PKå~°"å<£ =∞Ç¨q^•º ~å^èŒ<Õ+¨μ `«`«Ê~°ó I
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 37
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`«™ê‡#‡<Õº`« ã¨`«`«O Ñ≤`«∞~°Ñ¨ºkä"À QÆ∞~°∞ó I
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UHõkfi„u K«`«∞+¨ÊOK« =~å‚}ÏºÖ’Hõº Ü≥∂QÆº`å"£∞ I
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=$kú „âß^ŒúO `«`«ó Hõ$`åfi „ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}Ï<£ Ñï`À+¨ºK« I
QÆ$Ç‘Ï‚Ü«∂K«Û `«`ÀnHΔÍO <å#º^è• Ñ¶¨Å=∂Ñ¨ÙflÜ«∂`ü I
K≥·„`ån<åO Ñ¶¨ÅO*Ë˝Ü«∞O =∞Å=∂ãÖ q=~°˚ÜÕ∞`ü II
q+¨μ"ÕÑ¨ºÜ«∞# ^ŒfiO^Õfi ãÖ„HÍ`åºO =∞^Œ<À`«û"Õ
nHΔÍHÍ~åº „Ñ¨Ü«∞`Õfl# Ñ¨q„`Õ QÆ∞~°∞Ñ¨~°fi}˜ I
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x+¨¯Ñ¨\ ˜ – HÍÅ*Ï˝x – K«H¯õ x "Õ+¨ ÉèÏ+¨Å∞ HõÅ"å_»∞ J~Ú =ÙO_»=Öˇ#∞.
QÆ∞~°∞=¸iÎ ^è•º#=Ú#‰õΩ =¸Å=Ú – QÆ∞~°∞„H˜Ü∞« Ñ¨Ó*Ï=¸Å=Ú.
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áœ¿+ K« #=g∞ â◊√HÍ¡ =∂¿Ñ¶∞ =~° K«`«∞i÷HÍ
á¶êÅ∞æ<Õ #=g∞ â◊√HÍ¡ K≥·„`Õ HÍ=∞ „`«Ü≥∂^Œt I
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Pëê_èÕ ÑÖK«g∞ â◊√HÍ¡ „âß=}Ë Hõ$+¨‚ÑÖK«g∞ I
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38 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
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™ê÷#O â◊$}∞ =~å~À¿ÇÏ ÜÕ∞# ã≤^èÕº#fl ãÖâ◊Ü«∞ó
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â◊¥<Õº K« „QÆÇ¨Ï}Ë Ñ¨Ù}Ëº yˆ~K« ã≤kú qÑ¨ÙûHõó
*ÏhÜ«∂KÀÛù Éèí#OHÍÅO =∞O„`«ã¨º „QÆÇ¨Ï}O „Ñü I
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 39
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J^Œ`åfi ^ŒH˜Δ}ÏO ã¨=∞ºH± JHõ$`åfi ‰õΩÅÑ¨Ó[#"£∞ I
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Jëêì=+¨ì^Œâ◊ó ‰õΩ~åº`ü JëêìqOâ◊u "Õ∞=K«
áêÜ«∞ãÖˆHã¨~°O ^Œ^•º`ü QÀ^è• =∂Oã¨=∞#∞`«Î=∞"£∞ I
~°OÉèÏÑ¨Ù+¨ÊO âßÅ=∞`«ûºO AÇ¨ïÜ«∂K«Û „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«fl`«ó
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 41
QÆ∞~°∞}Ï Ñ¨~°"Õ∞âßx ^Õ=`≥·HõºO qÉèÏ=ÜÕ∞`ü I

=∞Ç¨^Õ"À QÆ∞~°∞ó ™êHΔÍ`ü N QÆ∞~°∞ó ã¨~°fi^Õ=`åó
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QÆ∞~°∞Ñ¨ffl K« Ü«Ú=f <åaè "å^•º K« áê^ŒÜ≥∂ó I
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r=Ç‘Ï<À Ü«∞^è• ^ÕÇ‘Ï ã¨~°fi Hõ~°‡ã¨∞ # HõΔ=∞ó I
Ñ¨Ù~°â◊Û~°} Ç‘Ï<ÀÑ≤ `«^è• =∞O„`«ó „Ñ¨H©iÎ`«ó
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U=OHõ$`Õ =∞¿ÇÏâßx ã≤^Œú=∞O„`À Éèíq+¨ºu I
ÅÉèí`Õ N=∞fO "å}©O =∞O„`«ã¨º ÅHõΔ *ÏÑ¨`«ó
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=∞Ç¨p# „Hõ=∂â◊HÍÎ „ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}ÏJÑ≤ "≥∂Ç¨Ï<Õ
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q+¨μ‚HõÅÊO =~°˚ÜÕ∞`«∞Î `«∞Åã‘OK« q=~°˚ÜÕ∞`ü
=~°˚ÜÕ∞<å‡ÅfÑ¨Ù+¨ÊO J#º^Õ= „Ñ¨Ñ¨Ó[#"£∞ I
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 45
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=∞O„`Õ}ÏO`«i`å<£ =~å‚<£ =ˆ~‚<åO`«i`«O =∞#∞O
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 49
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50 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 51
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# ^Œ`åÎº ^ŒH˜Δ}ÏO ã¨=∞ºQÆHõ$`åfi K«„HõÑ¨Ó[#"£∞ I
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 53
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`«`«ó„Ñ¨Éèí$u `«^ÕÌq ã≤^ŒúÜÕ∞ # K« *ÏÜ«∞`Õ I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– =∞^Œº=Ú 3 q^èŒ=ÚÅ∞. 1. Q“_»O 2. ÃÑ·+‘ì 3. =∂nèfi
Wq =~°∞ã¨QÍ, HõÅ∞¡ – Ñ≤O_ç`À KÕã≤#k – `Õ<≥`À KÕã≤#k. W`«~°
ÉèË^Œ=ÚÅ`À HõÅã≤ 11 q^èŒ=ÚÅ∞. 4 – Ñ¨#ã¨ Ñ¨à◊¡`À KÕã≤#k 5 – „^•HõΔ
6 – WÑ¨Ê Ñ¨Ù=Ùfi 7 – Y~°∂˚~°O 8 – `å_çÑÖ_»∞ 9 – K≥~°‰õΩ 10 –
"≥∞ÿ#O 11 – D`«K≥@∞ì #∞Oz fã≤#k.
â◊√„HÍKå~°∞ºÅ∞ `«Ñ¨ã≤ûkú á⁄O^ŒÖËHõ, =∞^Œºáê#O KÕã≤ [Ñ¨=Ú
KÕÜ«∞_»O „áê~°OaèOKå_»∞. =∞#ã¨∞ K«eOzOk. [Ñ¨„Éèí+¨μª_≥· T~°fitx
`«ÅKå_»∞. H˘O`«HÍÅO P"≥∞`À Éè’yOKå_»∞.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 55
Ñ≤=∞‡@ =∞~°Å `«# ã≤÷ux `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘x =∞^Œºáê#=Ú =Å# `å#∞

„Éèí+¨μª_»<≥·u#x „QÆÇ≤ÏOz – =∞^Œº=Ú#∞ â◊Ñ≤Oz x¿+kèOK≥#∞.
=∞~°Å `«Ñ¨ã¨∞û KÕÜ«∞_»O „áê~°OaèOKå_»∞.
â’¡II U=O„Hõ"Õ∞}^Õ"Õt â◊`«=~°¬O QÆ`«O „Ñ≤ÜÕ∞
`«`«ó ™êK«ÉèíQÆ=f HÍm HÍÅã¨fi~°∂Ñ≤}© I
L"åK«™ê^Œ~°O "åHõºO HÍm^≥·`«ºQÆ∞~°∞O „Ñü
Hõ^èŒO â◊Ñ¨ÎO =∞Ç¨ÉèÏQÆ Kåã¨=O ^Õ=^Œ∞~°¡Éèí"£∞ I
Ñ‘`åfiã¨=O =∞Ç¨^Õq # ã≤kú~å˚Ü«∞`Õ =∞=∞
`«™ê‡K«ÛùÑ¨ÎO =∞¿ÇÏâßx ã¨~°fiOxQÆk`«Oâ◊$}∞ I
„Ñ¨Ç¨ÏãÖf= ™ê^Õq â◊√„HõO ^≥·`«ºQÆ∞~°∞O„Ñü
J=∞O„u`åã¨∞~åq„Ñ¨ Ñ‘`åÑ¨~°=∞ ^Œ∞~°¡ÉèÏ I
`Õ<≥·= ¿ÇÏ`«∞<å ã≤kú~°fl*Ï`å`«= ã¨∞O^Œ~°
P¿ÑÜ«∂ ™ê x+≤^•ú ™ê<å„¿Ñ¶∞Ü«∂ KÕu K«„Hõ=∂`ü I
Jx~ü „QÍÇ¨ºK« ™ê^Õq Ü«∂"≥·"≥·^èÕ`«~åÉèí"Õ`ü
`«™ê‡[˚Ñ¨q^èÕ *Ë˝Ü«∂ ã¨∞~åã≤kúHõs=∞`å I
‰õΩÅ"åˆ~ ‰õΩÖÏ+¨ì=∂ºO K«`«∞~°ÌâßºOqâı+¨`«ó
`«^è•‰õΩÅu^èÒ â◊H˜Îó Ñ¨Ól`å=~°^•~Úh I
ÉèÏ"å~°Oú :– D q^èOŒ QÍ =O^Œ ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞ QÆ_Kç å~Ú. XHõ<å_»∞
HÍÅ ã¨fi~°∂Ñ≤}˜ J~Ú# HÍoHõ – â◊√„HÍKå~°∞ºx ã¨∞~åâßÑÖ QÆ∂iÛ
„Ñ¨tflOzOk.
`«#‰õΩ ã≤kúÇ¨x Hõey#O^Œ∞# 'ã¨∞~°—#∞ â◊Ñ≤OKå#x q=iOKå_»∞
â◊√„HÍKå~°∞º_»∞.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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56 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
P =∞O„`«}O ÖË‰Ωõ O_® ã¨∞~åáê#O KÕÜ∞« _»O KåÖÏ áêÑ¨ ¿ÇÏ`«∞=x
HÍoHõ q=iOzOk. JO^Œ∞KÕ`«<Õ ã≤kúOK«ÖË^Œx, ã¨∞~°, „`åQÆ~åx^Œx –
"åã¨# ‰õÄ_® K«∂_»~åx^Œx x¿+kèOK«|_ç#k.
HÍx, [Ñ¨™ê^èŒ#Ü«∞O^Œ∞, H“àÏKå~°=ÚÖ’ ã¨∞~åáê#=Ú Ñïq∞`«
„Ñ¨=∂}=ÚÖ’ qÇ≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ Ü«Ú#flk.
‰õΩÅk#=ÚÅO^Œ∞ – J+¨ìq∞ – K«`«∞~°Ìt "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞ ‰õΩÅ u^èŒ∞Å
Ü«∞O^Œ∞, ã¨∞~°#∞ â◊H˜ÎH˜ x"ÕkOz ¿ãqOz#KÀ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ Jcè+¨ì=Ú#∞
á⁄O^ŒQÆÅ_»∞.
â◊H˜Îx HõeyOK«∞ Ñ‘~î°=ÚÅ∞
â’¡II Ñ‘~îå<åO Ñ¨~°=∞OÑ‘~î°O HÍ=∞~°∂ÑÖ =∞Ç¨Ñ¶¨Å"£∞
`«„`«Ü«∞`ü „H˜Ü«∞`Õ Ñ¨Ó*Ï ã¨Hõ$^•fiÑ≤ =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fii I
qÇ¨Ü«∞ ã¨~°fiÑ‘~îåx `«ã¨º^Õ¿ÇÏ=™ê=∞ºÇ¨Ï"£∞
`«™ê‡`ü â◊`«QÆ∞}O„áÈHõÎO HÍ=∂MÏºÜ≥∂x‰õΩO_»Å"£∞ I
Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°O K« QÆÜ«∂ˆHΔ„`« =∞HõΔÜ«∂k =@O `«^è•
=~åÇ¨ÏÑ¨~°fi`«O K≥·= t=O Kå=∞~° HõO~î°Hõ"£∞ I
#~°‡^• Ü«∞=Ú<å Ñ≤OQÍ QÆOQÍ^•fi~°O `«^è•„Ñ≤ÜÕ∞
QÆOQÍ™êQÆ~° ãÖQÆO K« ‰õΩâß=~°ÎO K« aÅfiHõ"£∞ I
N hÅÑ¨~°fi`«O K≥·= HõÅO|‰õΩ|˚ ˆH`«^è• I
Éèí$QÆ∞`«∞OQÆO K« ˆH^•~°O ã¨~°fi„Ñ≤Ü«∞ =∞Ç¨ÅÜ«∞"£∞ II
Åe`å K« ã¨∞QÆO^è•K« âßHõOÉèís Ñ¨Ù~°O „Ñ≤Ü«∞"£∞
Hõ}f~°÷O =∞Ç¨QÆOQÍ uÅHÍ„â◊=∞"Õ∞=K« I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– =∞O„`«ã≤kúx HõeyOK«∞ Ñ‘~î°=ÚÅ∞ K≥Ñ¨Ê|_»∞K«∞#flq.
J`«ºO`« =∞Ç¨Ï`«Î fi=∞~Ú#k 'HÍ=∞~°∂Ñ¨— Ñ‘~O°î . (Q“Ç¨Ïu – HÍ=∂MÏº^Õq
Ü≥∂xÑ‘~î°O) WK«@ [Ñ¨=Ú =O^ŒÔ~@∞¡ Ñ¶ëOK«∞#∞.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 57
Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°ˆHΔ„`«=Ú – QÆÜ«∂ˆHΔ„`«O JHõΔÜ«∞ =@O – =~åÇ¨Ï Ñ¨~°fi`«=Ú

– J=∞~°HõO~î°Hõ=Ú – #~°‡^• f~°=Ú – Ü«∞=Ú<å f~°=Ú – Ñ≤OQÍ –
QÆOQÍ ^•fi~°=Ú – QÆOQÍ™êQÆ~° ãÖQÆ=∞O – ‰õΩâß=~°Î=Ú – aÅfiHõO –
hÅÑ¨~°fi`«=Ú – HõÅO|O – ‰õΩ|˚Hõ=Ú – Éèí$QÆ∞tY~°O (Éèí~°∂Kü –
QÆ∞[~å`ü) – ˆH^•~°O – Åe`åÑ‘~î°=Ú ã¨∞QÆO^è• – âßHõO|s Ñ¨Ù~°=Ú –
Hõ}f~°ú=Ú – =∞Ç¨QÆOQÍ – uÅHÍ„â◊=∞=ÚÅ∞ „âı+¨ª=ÚÅ∞.
â’¡II ‰õΩ=∂~åYº „Ñ¨ÉèÏ™œ, `«^è• ^èŒ<åº ã¨~°ã¨fif
JQÆ™êÎº „â◊=∞ q∞+¨ìO"Õ∞ Hõ}Ïfi„â◊=∞=∞`«óÑ¨~°"£∞ I
H“tH© ã¨~°Ü«¸â’} *’ºuó ã¨~°Ñ¨Ù~°óã¨~°"£∞
HÍ"≥∂^ŒHõO „Ñ≤Ü«∞ON=∞`ü „Ñ≤Ü«∞=Ú`«Î~°=∂#ã¨"£∞ I
=∞`«OQÆ"åÑ‘ ã¨Ñ¨ÎiÛó Ü«∞^£ q+¨μ‚ Ñ¨^ŒO =∞Ç¨Ï`ü
"≥·^Œº<å^èŒO =∞Ç¨f~°÷O „Ñ≤Ü«∞ó HÍÅO[~Àyió I
"å"≥∂KÕÛù^ŒO Ç¨Ï~ÀKÕÛù^ŒO QÆ~ÀæKÕÛù^ŒO =∞Ç¨#Å"£∞
Éèí„^Õâ◊fi~°O =∞Ç¨f~°úO ÅHõΔ‡}À-KÀÛù^Œ"Õ∞=K« I
*ÏhÇ≤Ï „Ñ≤Ü«∞ã¨$ëêìK« HÍ"ÕsHõÑ≤Ö’^ŒHÍ
™È"Õ∞â◊fi~°O â◊√„Hõf~°úO Hõ$+¨‚"Õ}Ïº „Ñ¨ÉèË^ŒHõó I
áê@ÖÏK« =∞Ç¨É’kè~åflQÆf~°÷O =∞^ŒOuHÍ
Ñ¨Ù}ºO ~å"Õ∞â◊fi~°O ^Õq `«^è•"Õ∞Ñ¶¨∞=#O Ç¨Ïˆ~ó I
SÅO~°=∞}HõO K≥·= QÀ=~°ú# =∞u„Ñ≤Ü«∞"£∞
Ç¨Ïiâ◊ÛO„^ŒÑ¨Ù~°â◊ÛO„^ŒO Ñ¨$^èŒ∂^ŒHõ =∞u„Ñ≤Ü«∞"£∞ I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– ‰õΩ=∂~°ˆHΔ„`«=Ú – „Ñ¨ÉèÏã¨ f~°ú=Ú ("≥~å=Öò –
QÆ∞[~å`ü) ã¨~°ã¨fif – JQÆ™êÎº„â◊=∞=Ú – Hõ}Ïfi„â◊=∞=Ú – ã¨~°Ü«¸ –
H“tH˜ – â’}Ï#k – *’ºu+‘Ê~î°=Ú – HÍ"≥∂^ŒHõ=Ú – L`«Î~°=∂#ãÖ.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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58 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
=∞`«OQÆ"åÑ≤ – q+¨μ‚Ñ¨^Œ=Ú – "å"≥∂KÕÛù^ŒO Ç¨Ï~ÀKÕÛù^Œ=Ú –
QÆ~ÀæKÕÛù^Œ=Ú – =∞Ç¨xÅO – Éèí„^Õâ◊fi~°O – ÅHõΔ ‡} JKÀÛù^ŒO – HÍ"Õi
– HõÑ≤Åf~°úO – ™È"Õ∞â◊fi~°O.
â◊√„Hõf~°úO – Hõ$+¨‚"Õ}˜ – áê@ÖÏ – =∞Ç¨É’kè – <åQÆf~°úO –
=∞^ŒOuHõ – ~å"Õ∞â◊fi~°O – "Õ∞Ñ¶∞¨ =#O – SÅO – ~°=∞}HõO – QÀ=~°#ú O
– Ç¨Ïiâ◊ÛO„^ŒO – Ñ¨Ù~°â◊ÛO„^ŒO – Ñ¨$^äŒ∂^ŒHõ=ÚÅ∞ ã¨~°fi„âı+¨ª=ÚÅ∞.
â’¡II WO„^ŒhÅO =∞Ç¨<å^ŒO `«^è≥·= „Ñ≤Ü«∞"Õ∞#Hõ"£∞
ÑÖáêã¨~°ó ÑÖK«=\© =\© Ñ¨~°fiuHÍ `«^è• I
QÆOQÍaÅfiOK« „áêãÖQÆó „Ñ≤Ü«∞<å^Œ=@ã¨Î^è•
QÆOQÍ"å=∂K«ÅO K≥·= `«^è≥·= |∞∞}"≥∂K«#"£∞ I
Q“`«"Õ∞â◊fi~° f~°úO K« =t+¨ª f~°ú "Õ∞=K«
Ç¨s`«HõO `«^è•^Õq „|Ç¨‡=~°ÎO t=„Ñ¨^Œ"£∞ I
‰õΩâß=~°Î=∞u„âı+¨ªO Ç¨ÏOã¨f~°úO `«^è≥·=K«
Ñ≤O_®=Hõ~°}O MÏº`«O Ç¨Ï~°^•fi~°O`«^è≥·=K«
`«^è≥·= |^Œsf~°úO "å=∞f~°úO `«^è≥·=K«
[Ü«∞O`«O q[Ü«∞O`«O K« ã¨~°fiHõÖÏº}^ŒO „Ñ≤Üü∞I
q[Ü«∂ âß~°^•f~°÷O Éèí„^ŒHÍmâ◊fi~°O `«^è•
Jâ◊fif~°úO ã¨∞qMÏº`«O `«^è• "Õ^Œt~°ó „Ñ≤Ü«∞ó I
FÑ¶¨∞=f#nK≥·= f~°ú q∞„`«Ñ¨^ŒO `«^è•
KèåQÆeOQÆO =∂`«$QÆ}O Hõ~°g~°Ñ¨Ù~°O`«^è• I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– WO„^ŒhÅO – =∞Ç¨<å^ŒO – "Õ∞#HÍ„Ñ≤Ü«∞=Ú –
ÑÖáêã¨~°ã¨∞û – ÑÖK«=\˜ – =\© Ñ¨~°fi`«=Ú – QÆOQÍ aÅfi=Ú –
„Ñ≤Ü«∞ <å^èŒ=@=Ú – QÆOQÍ – "å=∂K«ÅO – |∞∞}"≥∂K«#=Ú.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 59
Q“`«"Õ∞â◊fi~°O – =t+¨ªf~°÷O – Ç¨s`«HõO – „|Ç¨‡=~°Î=Ú –

‰õΩâß=~°Î=Ú – Ç¨ÏOã¨f~°÷O – „|Ç¨Ï‡HõáêÅO – Ç¨Ï~°^•fi~°O – |^Œi –
[Ü«∞O`«O – q[Ü«∞=O`«O
q[Ü«∂ – âß~°^•f~°Oú – Éè„í ^ŒHÍmâ◊fi~°O – Jâ◊fif~°Oú – "Õ^tŒ ~°O
– FÑ¶¨∞=f#k – f~°÷q∞„`«O – KèåQÆeOQÆO – =∂`«$QÆ}O – Hõ~°g~°
Ñ¨Ù~°=ÚÅ∞ „âı+¨ª=ÚÅ∞.
â’¡II ã¨Ñ¨ÎQÀ^•=sf~°÷O ã¨~°fi ^èŒ~°‡Ñ¶¨Å„Ñ¨^ŒO
JÜ≥∂^è•º =∞^èŒ∞~å=∂Ü«∂ ^Œ∞~åæ^•fi~°=f Ç¨Ïˆ~ó I
q^•ºÑ¨Ù~°=∞=Of K« HÍOp =∞OQÆà◊HÀ@Hõ"£∞
HÍmÑ¶¨∞@ìO QÆ∞Ñ¨Î f~°÷O ã≤^•úYºO ã¨~„="≥∂Ç¨Ï#"£∞ I
H˜s@=Ú`«Î~åf~°÷O ^ŒH˜Δ}Ïf~°÷=Ú`«Î=∞"£∞
qâßÖÏf~°÷O HõÖÏºâ◊Û =#O =$O^•=#O `«^è• I
*ÏfiÖÏ=Úv Ç≤ÏOQÆ∞ÖÏK« =∞Ç¨f~°÷O QÆ}Ëâ◊fi~°"£∞
*ÏhÇ≤Ï ã¨~°fiã≤nú<åO ¿ÇÏ`«∞™ê÷<åx ã¨∞O^Œi I
J„`«ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`åx`«ºO ã¨ˆ~fi^Õ"å =∞Ç¨Ï~°¬Ü«∞ó
Ñ≤`«~À Ü≥∂y#â‹ÂÛ= ÜÕ∞K« ã≤kú Ñ¨~åÜ«∞}Ïó I
Pâ◊√ ã≤^èŒºOu HÍ~åº}˜ „â◊^•úÉèíH˜Î=∞`åO„Ñ≤ÜÕ∞
Ñ¨Ù}ºHÍÖË Ñ¨ˆ~î^Œºã¨∞Î â◊$}∞Ü«∂^•fiÑ≤ ÉèíH˜Î`«ó I
JHõΔÜ«∞O `«^£ Éèí"Õ^•fiHõºO Ñ≤`«$Ï}ÏO Ñ¨~°=∞Oã¨∞Y"£∞
Jã≤‡<£ ™ê÷<Õ [¿Ñ^Œºã¨∞Î ã≤kú~°ƒù=u `«`üHõΔ}Ï`ü I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– ã¨Ñ¨ÎQÀ^•=sf~°úO – JÜ≥∂^èŒº – =∞^èŒ∞~° – =∂Ü«∂
– ^•fi~°Hõ – ^Œ∞~åæ – q^•ºÑ¨Ù~°O – L[˚~Úx – HõOz – =∞OQÆà◊
HÀ@Hõ=Ú – HÍmÑ¶¨∞@ìO – QÆ∞Ñ¨Îf~°÷O – ã≤^Œúf~°÷O.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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60 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
H˜s@O – L`«Î~åf~°úO – ^ŒH˜Δ}Ïf~°úO – qâßÖÏf~°úO – Hõe=#O
– |$O^•=#O – *ÏfiÖÏ=Úd – Ç≤ÏOQÆ∞àÏ â◊H˜ÎÑ‘~î°O (ÉˇÅ∂z™êÎ<£)
=∞Ç¨f~°úO – QÆ}Ëâ◊fi~°O
D f~° ÷ = ÚÅxflÜ« ∞ O^Œ ∂ x`« º =¸ ^Õ = `« Å ∞ ã¨ x flÇ≤ Ï `« ∞ Öˇ ·
Ü«ÚO\Ï~°∞. „â◊^•úÉèíH˜Î QÆÅ"åiH˜ `«fii`«ã≤kúx™êÎ~Ú. WK«@ [Ñ¨=Ú ã≤kú
xK«∞Û#∞. JHõΔÜ«∞Ñ¶¨Å"≥Úã¨QÆ∞#∞.
â’¡II Ñ¨Ù+¨¯ˆ~ Hõ=∞ÖÏH©Δ K« QÆÜ«∂Ü«∂OK« QÆÜÕ∞â◊fii
JHõΔÜ«∂-HõΔ=@ˆH-=∞ˆ~ âß=∞~° HõO~î°ˆH I
=~åÇ¨Ï Ñ¨~°fi`Õ K« `«fiO "å~åÇ‘Ï ^èŒ~°}©„Ñ≤Ü«∂
^Œ∞~°‡^• #~°‡^•Ü«∂O K« HÍeOn Ü«∞=Ú<å[ÖË I
t"å=∞$`å K« QÆOQÍÜ«∂=∞OÉÏ`«∞ uÅHÍ„â◊"Õ∞
‰õΩ=∂~° ^è•q∞fl H“=∂s „Ñ¨ÉèÏ¿ã ã¨∞~°Ñ¨Ól`å I
HÍâßºOK≥·"å#fl Ñ¨Ó~å‚ K« „^•q_Õ K« ã¨~°ã¨fif
=∞Ç¨q^•º =∞`«Î"Õ∞Ñ¶¨∂ JQÆ™êÎº„â◊=∞ˆH `«^è• I
H“tH©u„Ñ≤Ü«∞O<å=∞ H“tHÍ=∞$`« H“tˆH
âß~°^•ã¨~°Ü«¸fˆ~÷ â’}ËK« Hõ#ˆHâ◊fii I
ã¨fi„Ñ¨HÍâ◊ =âß^ÕÌq *’ºu+¨‡fÇ¨Ï ãÖQÆ"Õ∞
N=Ç¨ Ny~“ K≥·= HÍm HÍà’^ŒˆH `«^è• I
=∞Ç¨^Õq =∞Ç¨|∞kúsflÖÏ KÀ`«Î~°=∂#¿ã
=∂`«Ow ™êº`ü =∞`«OˆQ K« QÆ∞áêÎiÛ q+¨μ‚ áê^ŒˆH I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°=∞O^Œ∞ Hõ=∞ÖÏH˜Δ – QÆÜ«∞Ö’ QÆÜÕ∞â◊fii –
JHõΔÜ«∞=@=∞O^Œ∞ JHõΔÜ«∂ – J=∞~°HõO~î°Hõ=∞O^Œ∞ J=∞ˆ~â◊fi~°∞_»∞ –
=~åÇ¨Ï Ñ¨~°fi`«=∞O^Œ∞ "å~åÇ≤Ï – #~°‡^ŒÖ’ ^Œ∞~°‡^• – Ü«∞=Ú#Ö’
HÍoOk – QÆOQÆÖ’ t"å=∞$`å – uÅHÍ„â◊=∞=∞O^Œ∞ JOÉÏ^Õq –
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 61
‰õΩ=∂~°^è•=∞=∞O^Œ∞ H“=∂s – „Ñ¨ÉèÏã¨Ö’ ã¨∞~°Ñ¨Ól`å – HÍjÖ’

J#flÑ¨Ó~°‚ – „^•q_»=∞O^Œ∞ ã¨~°ã¨fiu – JQÆ™êÎº„â◊=∞=∞O^Œ∞ =∞`«Î"Õ∞Ñ¶¨∂
– H“tHõÜ«∞O^Œ∞ H“tH˜ – ã¨~°Ü«¸Ö’ âß~°^Œ.
â’}Ö’ Hõ#Hˆ â◊fii – ãÖQÆ=∞=∞O^Œ∞ *’ºu+¨‡u – NyiÖ’ N=Ç¨
– HÍà’^ŒHõ=ÚÖ’ HÍm – L`«Î~°=∂#ã¨=∞O^Œ∞ (\˜Éˇ\ò) hÅ – =∞`«OQÆ
P„â◊=∞=Ú#O^Œ∞ =∂`«Oy – q+¨μá‚ ê^Œ=Ú#O^Œ∞ (*ÏfiÖÏ=Úd) QÆ∞áêÎiÛ
â◊‰õΩÎÅ∞#flq.
â’¡II ã¨fi~°æOQÍ ã¨fi~°æ=∂ˆ~æ K« QÀ^•=~åºO QÆ"Õâ◊fis
q=ÚH˜Îâ‹ÂÛ= QÀ=∞`åºO q„Ñ¨ÉèÏ"å =∞Ç¨|ÖÏ I
â◊`«„Ñ¨ÉèÏ â◊`«~°∂áê K«O„^ŒÉèÏQÍK« `«„`« "≥·
S~å=`åºO K« D ~åfl=∞ ã≤kú^• ã≤kú f~°ˆH I
^ŒHõΔ ÑÖK«#^Õ K≥·= ^ŒH˜Δ}Ï`«fiO „Ñ¨H©iÎ`å
B[¿ã g~°º^•`«fiO K« ãÖQÆ=∂f~°÷ ãÖQÆ"Õ∞ I
ÉÏÇ¨ï^•Ü«∂=∞#O`åK« `«fiO ‰õΩ~°∞ˆHΔ„`Õ =¿ÑHõΔ}Ï
`«Ñ¨ã≤fih Ñ¨Ù}º`«=∂ ÉèÏ~°f Éèí~°`å„â◊"£∞ I
ã¨∞Hõ^è• <≥·q∞ëê~°}Ëº áêO_Ò K« áêO_»"å#<å
qâßÖÏºOK« qâßÖÏH©Δ =ÚO_»Ñ¨$¿+ª t"åu‡HÍ I
„â◊^•ú Hõ#YÖË fˆ~÷ â◊√^Œú |∞kú~°∞‡hâ◊fiˆ~
ã¨∞"Õâßã¨∞=∞<åQ“s =∂#¿ãK« ã¨~À=ˆ~ I
ÉèÏ"å~°Oú :– ã¨fi~°=æ ∂~°=æ Ú#O^Œ∞ ^Õ=QÆOQÆ – QÀ^•=i =^ŒÌ QÆ"âÕ fi◊ i
– QÀ=∞u =^ŒÌ q=ÚH˜Î – K«O„^ŒÉèÏQÆ=^ŒÌ â◊`«~°∂Ñ¨ – S~å=u =^ŒÌ D
– ã≤kúf~°=∞O^Œ∞ ã≤kú^• – ÑÖK«#^Œ=Ú=^ŒÌ ^ŒHΔÍ – *∫[ã¨=∞O^Œ∞
g~°º^• – ãÖQÆ=∞ f~°ú=∞O^Œ∞ ãÖQÆ=∂.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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62 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
ÉÏÇ¨ï^•#k =^ŒÌ J#O`å – ‰õΩ~°∞ˆHΔ„`«=∞O^Œ∞ =¿ÑHõΔ}Ï –
Éèí~°`å„â◊=∞=Ú#O^Œ∞ ÉèÏ~°u – <≥·q∞ëê~°}º=Ú#O^Œ∞ ã¨∞Hõ^ä• – áêO_»∞
=^ŒÌ áêO_»"å#<å
qâßÅÜ«∞O^Œ∞ qâßÖÏH˜Δ – =ÚO_»Ñ$¨ +¨=ª ∞O^Œ∞ t"å – Hõ#YÖò#O^Œ∞
„â◊^•ú – =Úhâ◊fi~° f~°÷=∞O^Œ∞ â◊√^Œú|∞kú – =∂#ã¨ã¨~À=~°=Ú=^ŒÌ Q“i,
J#∞ ¿Ñ~°¡`À 'â◊H˜Î— „Ñ¨ã≤kúá⁄Ok Ü«Ú#flk.
â’¡II ã¨∞"Õâßã¨∞=∞<å Q“s =∂#ãÖ K« ã¨~À=ˆ~
#O^•Ñ¨Ùˆ~ =∞Ç¨#O^• Åe`åÅe`åÑ¨Ùˆ~ I
„|Ç¨Ï‡}© „|Ç¨Ï‡t~°ã≤ =∞Ç¨áê`«Hõ<åth
Ñ¨Ói‚=∂KÕO^Œ∞=∞`åº^≥·ºó ã≤OK«Ü«∞Of„Ñ≤Ü«∂ã¨^•
*ÏÇ¨Ïflg ãÖQÆ"Õ∞`«$Ñ≤Îó ã¨fi^è• `«fiOÑ≤`«$`«∞+≤ì^• I
Ñ¨Ù}ÏºÇ¨ "Õ}∞=`åºOK« „Ñ¨áêÜ«∞O áêÑ¨<åth
â◊OYãÖÇ¨i}© Ñ¶¨∞’~°~°∂áê K≥·= =∞Ç¨ÏŸ^Œs I
QÆ~ÀæKÕÛù^Õ =∞Ç¨~å„uó „Ñ¨|ÖÏ K« =∞Ç¨=<Õ
Éèí„^• K« Éèí„^ŒHÍm K« Éèí„^Õâ◊fis â◊fi~°„Ñ≤Ü«∂ I
Éèí„^Õâ◊fiˆ~ ~°=∂q+¨μ‚ó „Ñ≤Ü«∂ q+¨μ‚„Ñ¨^Õ `«^è•
^•~°∞}Ï #~°‡^ÀKÕÛ^Õ HÍ"Õ~åºO HõÑ≤ÖËâ◊fis I
ÉèËkh Hõ$+¨‚"Õ}ÏºÜ«∂O ãÖÉèË^Õâ◊√Éèí"åã≤h
â◊√^•ú"≥· â◊√Hõ¡fˆ~÷ K« „Ñ¨ÉèÏ~å"Õ∞â◊fiˆ~ `«^è• I
=∞Ç¨É’^èÒ =∞Ç¨|∞kúó áê@ÖË áê@ÖËâ◊fis
ÉèÏ"å~°Oú :– #O^•Ñ¨Ù~°=Ú=^ŒÌ =∞Ç¨#O^• – Åe`åÑ¨Ù~°=Ú#O^Œ∞
Åe`« – „|Ç¨Ï‡HõáêÅ=Ú=^ŒÌ „|Ç¨Ï‡}˜ – WO^Œ∞=∞u =^ŒÌ Ñ¨Ói‚=∂ –
ãÖQÆ=∞=Ú=^ŒÌ *ÏÇ¨Ïflq – "Õ}∞=u =^ŒÌ Ñ¨Ù}ÏºÇ¨ – „Ñ¨áê=^ŒÌ
áêÑ¨<åth.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 63
QÆ~ÀæKÕÛù^Œ=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨~å„u – =∞Ç¨=#=Ú=^ŒÌ „Ñ¨|ÖÏ –

Éèí„^Õâ◊fi~°=Ú=^ŒÌ ~°=∂ – q+¨μ‚Ñ¨^Œ=Ú (QÆÜ«∞) =^ŒÌ q+¨μ‚„Ñ≤Ü«∂ –
#~°‡^ÀKÕÛù^Œ=∞O^Œ∞ ^•~°∞}Ï.
HÍ"Õi=^ŒÌ HõÑ≤ÖËâ◊fii – Hõ$+¨‚"Õ}˜=^ŒÌ ÉèËkx – ãÖÉèË^Œ=∞O^Œ∞
â◊√Éè"í åã≤x – â◊√Hõ¡ f~°=÷ Ú =^ŒÌ â◊√^•ú~å"Õ∞â◊fi~°=∞O^Œ∞ „Ñ¨ÉÏè – =∞Ç¨É’kè
=^ŒÌ =∞Ç¨|∞kú – áê\˜e Ü«∞O^Œ∞ áê@ÖËâ◊fii.
â’¡II ã¨∞~°™ê <åQÆfˆ~ú K« <åˆQj <åQÆ=Ok`å I
=∞^ŒO`Õ K« =∞^ŒOf K« „Ñ¨=∞^• K« =∞^ŒOuHÍ
"Õ∞~°∞ã¨fi<å "Õ∞Ñ¶¨∞=<Õ q^Œ∞º`ü ™œ^•q∞hK«Ûù\Ï I
~å"Õ∞â◊fiˆ~ =∞Ç¨ã≤kúó "å~åK≥·ÖÏÑ¨Ùˆ~ ã¨f
„Ñ≤Ü«∂~°=∞}ˆH ^Œ∞~åæ ã¨∞"Õâß ã¨∞~°ã¨∞O^Œs I
HÍ`åºÜ«∞h =∞Ç¨^Õg QÀ=~°ú<Õ-OaHÍ`«^è•
â◊√ÉèËâ◊fis Ç¨Ïiâ◊ÛO„^Õ Ñ¨Ù~°â◊ÛO„^ÕÑ¨Ùˆ~â◊fis I
Ñ¨$^äŒ∂^ŒˆH =∞Ç¨"ÕQÍ "Õ∞<åˆH-dÅ=iúh
WO„^ŒhÖË =∞Ç¨HÍO`å ~°`«fl"Õâı ã¨∞â’Éèí<å I
=∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis =∞Ç¨<å^Õ =∞Ç¨`Õ*Ï=∞Ç¨|ÖÏ
ÑÖáêã¨~°ã≤ ™ê~°OQÍ ÑÖK«=\ÏºO `«Ñ¨ã≤fih I
=\©Ñ¨~°fifHÍÜ«∂O K« ÑÖK«=~åæ ã¨∞~°Oy}©
ãÖQÆ"Õ∞qO^èŒº ãÖQÍÜ«∂O qO^èŒºN qO^èŒº"åã≤h I
=∞Ç¨#O^• #O^Œ`«>Ë QÆOQÍ"å=∂K«ÖËt"å
P~åº=ˆ~Î =∞Ç¨~åº`«fiO q=ÚH˜Î |∞∞}"≥∂zh I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– <åQÆf~°÷=∞O^Œ∞ ã¨∞~°™ê – =∞^ŒOuÜ«∞O^Œ∞ =∞^ŒOuHõ
– "Õ∞Ñ¶¨∞=#=∞O^Œ∞ "Õ∞~°∞ã¨fi<å – ~å"Õ∞â◊fi~°=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨ã≤kú –
SÖÏÑ¨ÙiÜ«∞O^Œ∞ "å~å – ~°=∞}Hõ=∞O^Œ∞ ^Œ∞~åæ – QÀ=~°#ú =∞O^Œ∞ JOaHõ.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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64 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
Ç¨Ïiâ◊ÛO„^Œ=∞O^Œ∞ â◊√ÉèËâ◊fii – Ñ¨Ù~°â◊ÛO„^Œ=∞O^Œ∞ Ñ¨Ùˆ~â◊fii –
Ñ¨$^äŒ∂^ŒHõ=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨"ÕQÍ – "Õ∞<åHõ=∞O^Œ∞ JdÅ=iÌx – WO„^ŒhÅ
=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨HÍO`« – ~°`«fl"Õâ◊=∞O^Œ∞ ã¨∞â’Éèí#.
=∞Ç¨<å^Œ=∞O^Œ∞ =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fii – ÑÖáêã¨~°ã¨∞=^ŒÌ ™ê~°OQÍ –
ÑÖK«=\˜Ü«∞O^Œ∞ `«Ñ¨ã≤fix – Ñ¨~°fiuHõÜ«∞O^Œ∞ =\© – qO^èŒº=^ŒÌ
qO^èŒº"åã≤x – #O^Œ`«@=Ú=^ŒÌ =∞Ç¨#O^• – "å=∂K«Å=∞O^Œ∞ t=
– QÆOQÆ – P~åº=~°Î=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨~åº – q=ÚH˜ÎÜ«∞O^Œ∞ |∞∞}"≥∂zx.
â’¡II J@ìÇ¨¿ã K« Kå=ÚO_® `«O„`Õj Q“`«"Õ∞â◊fiˆ~
"Õ^Œ=∞~¸ „|Ç¨Ï‡q^•º "åt¿+ª`«fi=∞~°∞O^èŒf I
Ç¨~°`Õ Ç¨Ïi}ÏH©Δ K« „|Ç¨Ï‡=ˆ~Î „=`Õâ◊fis
QÍÜ«∞„f K≥·=™êq„f ‰õΩâß=ˆ~Î ‰õΩâ◊„Ñ≤Ü«∂ I
Ç¨ÏOã‘â◊fis Ç¨ÏOã¨fˆ~÷ Ñ¨~°Ç¨ÏOã‘â◊fisu K«
Ñ≤O_®=Hõ~°}Ë ^èŒ<åº ã¨∞~°™êã¨∞Y^•~Úh I
<å~åÜ«∞}© "≥·+¨‚g™ê QÆOQÍ^•fiˆ~ q=ÚH˜Î ^•
Nq^•º |^Œsfˆ~÷ "å=∞fˆ~ú =∞Ç¨^èŒ$uó I
[Ü«∞O`Õ K« [Ü«∞Of `«fiO q[Ü«∞O`Õ -Ñ¨~ål`å
q[Ü«∂Ü«∂O=∞Ç¨â◊√kúó âß~°^•Ü«∂O K« âß~°^• I
ã¨∞Éèí„^• Éèí„^Œ^• Éèí"åº Éèí„^ŒHÍmâ◊fiˆ~ `«^è•
=∞Ç¨Éèí„^Õ Éèí„^ŒHÍm Ç¨ÏÜ«∞fˆ~÷ QÆÜÕ∞â◊fis I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– J@ìÇ¨ã¨=∞O^Œ∞ Kå=ÚO_® – Q“`«"Õ∞â◊fi~°=∞O^Œ∞
`«O„`Õj "åt+¨ª=∞O^Œ∞ J~°∞O^èŒu – Ç¨s`«=∞O^Œ∞ Ç¨Ïi}ÏH˜Δ –
„|Ç¨‡=~°=Î ∞O^Œ∞ „=`Õâfi◊ i – ‰õΩâß=~°=Î ∞O^Œ∞ ‰õΩâıâfi◊ i – Ç¨ÏOã¨f~°=÷ ∞O^Œ∞
Ç¨ÏO¿ãâ◊fii – Ñ≤O_®=Hõ~°}=∞O^Œ∞ ^èŒ<åº –
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 65
QÆOQÍ^•fi~°=Ú=^ŒÌ q=ÚH˜Î^• – |^ŒiÜ«∞O^Œ∞ Nq^Œº –

"å=∞f~°=÷ ∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨^è$Œ u – [Ü«∞O`«=∞O^Œ∞ [Ü«∞Ou "≥[· Ü«∞OuÜ«∞O^Œ∞
JÑ¨~ål`« – q[Ü«∞Ü«∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨â◊√kú – âß~°^ŒÜ«∞O^Œ∞ âß~°^Œ.
=∞Ç¨Éè„í ^Œ=∞O^Œ∞ Éè„í ^ŒHÍo – Ç¨ÏÜ«∞f~°=ú ∞O^Œ∞ QÆÜ∞Õ â◊fii – FÑ¶∞¨ =u
Ü«∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨g~å – =∞Ç¨#k=^ŒÌ =∞Ç¨ÏŸ^ŒÜ«∂ – J„uÑ¨^Œ=Ú =^ŒÌ
K«O_® – KèåQÆeOQÆ=Ú=^ŒÌ |e„Ñ≤Ü∞« – =∂`«$^Õâ=◊ ∞O^Œ∞ (Ñ¨Ù\˜#ì T~°∞)
[QÆ<å‡`å – Hõ~°g~°Ñ¨Ù~°=Ú =^ŒÌ ã¨f^Õq.
â’¡II =∂eh ~°Oy}© "å=∂ Ñ¨~°=∂Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fis
ã¨Ñ¨ÎQÀ^•=s fˆ~÷ ^Õ=j~å¬dÖËâ◊fis I
JÜ≥∂^è•ºPO Éèí"åh K« [Ü«∞^•[Ü«∞=∞OQÆàÏ
=∂^èŒg =∞^èŒ∞~åÜ«∂O K« ^Õ=H© Ü«∂^Œ"Õâ◊fis I
=$O^• QÀ¿Ñâ◊fis ~å^è• ~åã¨=$O^•=<Õ~°¿ã
HÍ`åºÜ«∞h =∞Ç¨=∂Ü«∂ Éèí„^ŒHÍm HõàÏ=f I
K«O„^Œ=∂ÖÏ =∞Ç¨âßOu =∞Ç¨Ü≥∂y#ºnèâ◊fis
=„*Ëâ◊fis Ü«∞â’^Õu =„[„j~Àæ‰õΩÖËâ◊fis I
HÍOKåºOHõ#HõHÍOp ™êº^Œ=O`åº=∞uáê=h
q^•º q^•ºÑ¨Ùˆ~ K≥·= q=∞ÖÏ hÅÑ¨~°fi`Õ I
~å*Ëâı âıfi`«QÆOˆQj q=∞ÖÏÑ¨Ù~°∞ëÈ`«Î"Õ∞
q~°*ÏÜ«∂QÆÑ¨Ù~åºOK« Éèí„^Õâı Éèí„^ŒHõi‚HÍ I
`«"≥∂e¿ÑÎ `«"≥∂Ñ¶‘∞fl K« ™êfiÇ¨ ™êQÆ~°ãÖQÆ=∂
‰õΩÅN~°fiOâ◊=$kúâ◊Û =∂^èŒg =∂^èŒ=„Ñ≤Ü«∂ I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– ã¨Ñ¨ÎQÀ^•=s f~°ú=Ú=^ŒÌ =∂ex – ^Õ=j~°¬=Ú=^ŒÌ
JdÖËâfi◊ i – JÜ≥∂^èºŒ Ü«∞O^Œ∞ Éè"í åx – [Ü«∞^•† =∞^è∞Œ ~°Ü∞« O^Œ∞ =∂^èqŒ
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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66 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
– |$O^•=#=ÚÖ’ ~å^èŒ – HõOzÜ«∞O^Œ∞ Hõ#HõHÍOz – J=OuÜ«∞O^Œ∞
Juáê=x.
q^•ºÑ¨Ù~°=Ú#O^Œ∞ q^Œº – hÅÑ¨~°fi`«=Ú=^ŒÌ q=∞Å – ~å*Ëâ◊
=∞O^Œ∞ âıfi`«QÆOQÍ – Ñ¨Ù~°∞ëÈ`«Î=Ú =^ŒÌ q=∞Å – Ü«∂QÆÑ¨Ùi =^ŒÌ q~°*Ï
– Éèí„^Õâ◊=∞O^Œ∞ Éèí„^ŒHõi‚Hõ.
`«"≥∂eÑ¨Î=∞O^Œ∞ `«"≥∂Ñ¶‘∞fl – ™êQÆ~°ãÖQÆ=∞=Ú=^ŒÌ ™êfiÇ¨^Õq.
â’¡II =∞OQÆàÏ =∞OQÆàı HÀ>Ë ~å_èÕ =∞OQÆà◊ K«O_çHÍ
*ÏfiÖÏ=Úv t"åÑ‘ˆ~î =∞O^•ˆ~ Éèí∞=<Õâ◊fis I
HÍmÑ¶¨∞>Ëì QÆ∞Ç¨ÏºHÍm H˜s>Ë K« =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis
H˜s>Ëâ◊fis =∞Ç¨^Õg eOQÍMËº eOQÆ"åÇ≤Ïh I
™êHΔÍ`ü ã¨~°fi„`« ÉèíHÍÎ<å=∞ ÉèíHÍÎ<åO‰õΩ`ÀÑ≤"å
J^è•#º`ü ãÖ„Ñ¨=HΔÍºq∞ ã≤kú ™ê÷<åx ã¨∞O^Œi I
ã¨~°fiáêÑ¨ q<åâßÜ«∞ ã¨~°fiã≤kú „Ñ¨^•xK«
J=∞ˆ~â◊=∞Ç¨Ñ‘ˆ~î Dâ◊ FOHÍ~° ãÖl˝Hõó I
`«„`«^Œ∞~åæ^ŒfiÜ«∞O <å=∞ K«O_çHÍ K« =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis
„Ñ¨ÉèÏ¿ã ™È=∞<å^è•^Ò ^ÕgK« Ñ¨Ù+¨Êˆ~HõΔ}Ï I
^Õ=^Õ"åkèÑ¨ó â◊OÉèí∞ó <≥·q∞¿+ K« =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°ó
`«„`« „Ñ¨*Ï˝ K« ^Õg K« Éèí"åh eOQÆ^è•i}© I
Ñ¨Ù+¨¯ˆ~K« ~å[QÆOkèó Ñ¨Ù~°∞Ç¨˙`å =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis
N Ñ¨~°fi`Õ „Ñ≤Ü«∞O <å=∞ â◊OHõ~°ó „uÑ¨Ù~åO`«Hõó I
=∂Ü«∂ Ñ≤â◊OHõs `«„`« ÉèíHÍÎ<å=∞dÖÏ~°ú^•
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– =∞OQÆà◊HÀ@=Ú#O^Œ∞ =∞OQÆàÏ – ~å_èçÜ«∞O^Œ∞
=∞OQÆà◊K«O_çHõ – t"åÑ‘~î°=∞O^Œ∞ *ÏfiÖÏ=Úd – =∞O^•~°=∞O^Œ∞
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 67
Éèí∞=<Õâ◊fii – HÍmÑ¶¨∞@ì=Ú =^ŒÌ QÆ∞Ç¨ÏºHÍo – H˜s@=∞O^Œ∞ =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fii

eOQÍÜ«∞O^Œ∞ eOˆQâ◊fii „Ñ¨ã≤^Œú=ÚÅ∞.
J=∞ˆ~â◊ =∞Ç¨Ñ‘~î°=Ú#O^Œ∞ Dâ◊fi~°∞_»∞ FOHÍˆ~â◊fi~°<å=∞=Ú`À
„Ñ¨ã≤kú á⁄OkÜ«Ú<åfl_»∞. WK«@ W^ŒÌ~°∞ ^Œ∞~°æÅ∞<åfl~°∞. 1. K«O_çHõ
2. =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fii.
™È=∞<å^èŒ=∞O^Œ∞ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯ˆ~HõΔ} – <≥·q∞+¨=∞O^Œ∞ =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°∞_»∞ –
^Õq „Ñ¨*Ï˝^Õq – Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°f~°÷=∞O^Œ∞ ~å[QÆOkè N Ñ¨~°fi`«=Ú#O^Œ∞
„uÑ¨Ù~åO`«‰õΩ_»∞ – âßOHõi „Ñ¨ã≤^Œ∞úÅ∞. W=xflÜ«¸ ã≤^Œú ™ê÷#=ÚÖË.
â’¡II [¿Ñºâ◊fiˆ~ =∞Ç¨™ê÷<Õ â◊OHõs K« „uâ◊¥eh I
„uâ◊¥Åó â◊OHõ~°ã¨Î„`« ã¨~°fiáêÑ¨q"≥∂K«Hõó
P„=∂`«HõÑ¨Ùˆ~ ã¨∂HõΔ‡ó ã¨∂HΔÍ‡MÏº Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fis I
=∞Ç¨HÍÖË =∞Ç¨HÍÖ’ =∞Ç¨HÍm =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis
=∞^èÕº t=â◊Û ã¨~°fi„`« â◊~åfi}© Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fis I
ˆH^•ˆ~â◊fi~° Dâß<À ^Õg ã¨<å‡~°æ^•~Úh
Éèˇ·~°"ÕÉèˇ·~°=ó â◊OÉèí∞ó Éèˇ·~°g Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fis I
QÆ}ˆHΔ„`Õ =∞OQÆàÏMÏº t"À-Ç¨ÏO „Ñ¨Ñ≤`å=∞Ç¨Ïó
‰õΩ~°∞ˆHΔ„`Õ t=ó™ê÷}∞ó t"å™ê÷}∞„Ñ≤Ü«∂Ñ¨~å I
W+¨ìÖÏÉèË ã¨fiÜ«∞OÉèí∂â◊Û ^Õg ™êfiÜ«∞OÉèí"å =∞`å
L„QÆó Hõ#YÖË „áÈHõÎó t"À„QÍ t= =Å¡ÉèÏ I
q=∞ÖËâ◊fiˆ~ qâ◊fiã¨∞Î qâßfi qâ◊fi„Ñ≤Ü«∂ã¨^•
J@ìÇ¨¿ã =∞Ç¨#O^À =∞Ç¨#O^• =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis I
=∞Ç¨O`«HÀ=∞¿ÇÏO„^Õ K« áê~°fif K« =∞Ç¨ÏO`«HÍ
cè"Õ∞â◊fi~À cè=∞Ñ‘ˆ~î t"åcè"Õ∞â◊fis `«^è• I
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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68 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– [¿Ñºâ◊fi~°=∞O^Œ∞ „uâ◊¥ex – â◊OHõ~∞° _»∞ „uâ◊¥Å∞_»∞.
P„=∂`«H=õ ∞O^Œ∞ ã¨∂‰õΩΔ ‡_»∞ – ã¨∂Hˆ Δ ‡â◊fii, =∞Ç¨HÍà◊=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨HÍÅ∞_»∞
– =∞Ç¨HÍo, ˆH^•~°=∞O^Œ∞ Dâß#∞_»∞ – ã¨<å‡~°æ^•~Úx.
Éèˇ·~°==∞O^Œ∞ Éèˇ·~°=Ù_»∞ – Éèˇ·~°q, QÆ}ˆHΔ„`«=∞O^Œ∞ =∞OQÆàıâ◊fi~°∞_»∞
– =∞OQÆàÏ, ‰õΩ~°∞ˆHΔ„`«=∞O^Œ∞ ™ê÷}∞=Ù – ™ê‚}∞„Ñ≤Ü«∂ – W+ì̈ÖÏÉèí=∞O^Œ∞
ã¨fiÜ«∞OÉèí∂ – ™êfiÜ«∞OÉèí∞"å, Hõ#YÅ=∞O^Œ∞ L„QÆ∞_»∞ – t"À„QÍ,
q=∞ÖËâ◊fi~°=∞O^Œ∞ qâ◊√fi_»∞ – qâ◊fi„Ñ≤Ü«∂.
J@ìÇ¨ã¨=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨#O^Œ∞_»∞ – =∞Ç¨#O^•, =∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=∞O^Œ∞
=∞Ç¨O`«‰õΩ_»∞ – =∞Ç¨O`«HÍ, cè=∞Ñ‘~î°=∞O^Œ∞ cè"Õ∞â◊fi~°∞_»∞ – cè"Õ∞â◊fii.
â’¡II =Gáê^Õ Éèí"À<å=∞ Éèí"åh Éèí∞=<Õâ◊fis
J„k‰õÄ>Ë =∞Ç¨Ü≥∂w ~°∞„^•}© Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fis I
Jq=ÚˆHÎ =∞Ç¨^Õ"À qâßÖÏH©Δ t"å Ñ¨~å
=∞Ç¨ÅÜÕ∞ Ç¨Ï~À~°∞„^À =∞Ç¨ÉèÏQÍ t"å`«^è• I
=∞Ç¨|Åâ◊Û QÀHõˆ~‚ t"å*Ë˝Ü«∂ K« K«O_çHÍ
Éèí„^Œ=ˆ~‚ =∞Ç¨^Õ"À Éèí„^• K« Hõi‚HÍ`«^è• I
ã¨∞=~å‚MËº ã¨Ç¨Ï„™êHõΔó L`«ÊÖÏ Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fis
™ê÷}∞ãÖˆQ t=ó ™ê÷}©ºâ◊fi~°ó ™ê÷}©â◊fis t"å I
Hõ=∞ÖÏÅÜÕ∞ =∞¿ÇÏâß<À Hõ=∞ÖÏHΔÀ =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°ó
Hõ=∞ÖÏH©Δ =∞¿ÇÏâßh ã¨HõÖÏ~°ú „Ñ¨^•~Úh I
Kè«QÆÖÏO_Õ HõÑ¨sÌ K« „Ñ¨ã¨~å K« =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis
T~°÷fiˆ~`å kfi~°O_Õ K« ãÖ^è•º MÏº Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fis I
=∂HÀ\ÏMËº =∞Ç¨HÀ@ó t"å K« =ÚO_»ˆHâ◊fis
=∞O_»ÖËâ◊fi~° Ñ‘ˆ~î K« â◊OHõ~°ó MÏO_»gtP I
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 69
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– =Gáê^Œ=∞O^Œ∞ Éèí=Ù_»∞ – Éèí"åx, J„k‰õÄ@=∞O^Œ∞

=∞Ç¨Ü≥∂y – ~°∞„^•}˜, Jq=ÚHõÜ Î ∞« O^Œ∞ (HÍt) =∞Ç¨^Õ=Ù_»∞ – qâßÖÏH˜,Δ
QÀHõ~°‚=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨|Å∞_»∞ – K«O_çHõ, Éèí„^Œ=~°‚=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨^Õ=Ù_»∞ –
Éèí„^•, Hõi‚HÍ, ã¨∞=~å‚Ü«∞O^Œ∞ ã¨Ç¨Ï„™ê‰õΔΩ_»∞ – L`«ÊÖÏ.
™ê÷}∞ ãÖQÆ=∞=∞O^Œ∞ ™ê÷}fi© â◊fi~°∞_»∞ – ™ê÷}â© fi◊ i, Hõ=∞ÖÏÅÜ«∞O^Œ∞
=∞¿ÇÏâß#∞_»∞ – Hõ=∞ÖÏ‰õΔΩ_»∞ – Hõ=∞ÖÏH˜Δ, KèåQÆÖÏO_»=∞O^Œ∞ HõÑïÌ –
„Ñ¨ã¨~å^Õq, kfi~°O_»=∞O^Œ∞ T~°÷fiˆ~`«∞_»∞ – ãÖ^è•º^Õq.
=∂HÀ@=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨HÀ@∞_»∞ – =ÚO_»Hˆ â◊fii, =∞O_»ÖâË fi◊ ~° Ñ‘~=°î Ú
#O^Œ∞ â◊OHõ~°∞_»∞ – MÏO_»q.
â’¡II HÍÅO[ˆ~ hÅHõOˆ~î Ç¨Ï~°HÍm t"å=∂`å
™ê÷}©ºâ◊fiˆ~ ã¨÷Ö’<å=∞ ã¨÷ÖÏMÏº Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fis I
N=∞^£ "åº„Ñ¶¨∞ Ñ¨Ùˆ~™êHΔÍ`ü =~°<å=∂ ã¨ÉèÏÑüó
t=ó ã¨ÉèÏÑü~åfl=∞ Ü«∞„`« #$`«ºu â◊OHõ~°ó I
P`å‡#O^Œ=∞Ç¨"≥∂^Œ Ñ¨Ó~å‚#O^Œ =∞Ç¨~°‚="£∞
#$`«ºO`«O Ü«∞„`«^Õ"Õâ◊O ^Õ"Õj ÑïÑ¨â◊ºu I
Jã≤‡<£ =∞Ç¨ÏŸ`«Î"Õ∞™ê÷<Õ t=QÆOQÍYº=∞^Œ∞ƒù`«"£∞
`«\ÏHõ=∞ã≤Î`«fÎˆ~ ^ŒH˜Δ}Ë #$`«ºfâ◊fi~°ó I
J„`«^Œ`«ÎOÇ¨ï`«O [Ñ¨ÎO ™êfl#=∞HõΔÜ«∞ Ñ¨Ù}º^Œ"£∞
JHõΔ=∂ÖÏ =∞Ü«∞O Ñ‘~î°O qkú"Õ∞ Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fii I
J=∞ˆ~â◊Ñ¨Ù~°O K≥·"åã¨∞~åO`«HõO Ñ¨Ù~å`«^è•
`«`«Î#‡Ç¨ÏŸ`«Î=∞O ™ê÷#O ã¨~°fiã≤kúHõ~°O #$}Ï"£∞ I
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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70 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– HÍÅO[~°=∞O^Œ∞ hÅHõO~î°∞_»∞ – Ç¨Ï~°HÍo, ™ê÷}©â◊fi~°
=∞O^Œ∞ ã¨Å÷ ∞_»∞ – ã¨Ö÷ âË fi◊ i, "åº„Ñ¶∞¨ Ñ¨Ù~°=∞O^Œ∞ ã¨ÉÏè Ñü (Wk `«q∞à◊<å_»∞
Ö’x z^ŒO|~°ˆHΔ„`«=Ú) WK«@ t=Ù_»∞ #$`«º=Ú KÕÜ«Ú#∞.
WK« @ t=QÆ O QÆ Ü « ∞ #∞ =∞Ç¨ Ï Ÿ`« Î = ∞ ™ê÷ # =Ú Hõ Å ^Œ ∞ . D
`«\ÏHõ=Ú#‰õΩ ^ŒH˜Δ} kâ◊# Dâ◊fi~°∞_»∞ #$`«º=Ú KÕÜ«Ú#∞.
WK«@ KÕã#≤ `«Ñ–¨ [Ñ¨=ÚÅ∞, KÕã#≤ ^•#=ÚÅ∞ JHõÜ Δ ∞« Ñ¶e¨ `«=Ú xK«∞Û#∞.
J=∞ˆ~â◊Ñ¨Ù~°=Ú – ã¨∞~åO`«Hõ Ñ¨Ù~°=Ú, =∞Ç¨ÏŸ`«Î=∞ ™ê÷#=ÚÅ∞.
Wk JHõΔ=∂ÖÏ =∞Ü«∞Ñ‘~î°=∞x „Ñ¨ã≤kú á⁄Ok#k. WK«@ ã¨~°fiã≤^Œ∞úÅ∞
HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞.
â’¡II JOaHÍÑ‘~î°=∞`«ºO`« =∞#O`«Ñ¨Ù~°"Õ∞= K«
Jx~°∞^Œú Ñ¨Ù~°O "Õuû `«^è• kuÑ¨Ù~°O Ñ¨~°"£∞ I
J#flÑ¨Ó~å‚ =∞Ç¨Ñ‘~î° =∞O|∞*ÏYº Ñ¨Ù~°O`«^è•
PkÑ‘~îå#O^ŒÑ‘~î“ Kå"≥∂^•"åk ã¨∂Hõ~“ I
Pâ◊√ã≤kú Ñ¨Ù~°OK≥·= Ü«∞^è•^ŒºO`«Ñ¨Ù~°O =ÚY"£∞
JHõOáêk`«º Ñ‘~îå K« P^•ºk<å^èŒ Ñ‘~î°H“ I
W+¨ì<å=∞ Ñ¨Ù~°O K≥·= WOk~åÑ¨Ù~°"Õ∞=K«
WÖ’^ŒÜ«∞ yiâ‹ÂÛ= WÖÏO`ÕO^Œ∞ Ñ¨Ùˆ~„Ñ≤ÜÕ∞ I
WO„^•}©O„^Õâ◊fi~°â‹ÂÛ= WO„^•#O^Œ Ñ¨Ù~°O `«^è•
Ñ¨Ù~°q∞O^Œ∞=f<å=∞ `«^èÕO^Œ∞ q[Ü«∞OÑ¨Ù~°"£∞ I
Dâ◊fisâ◊fi~° Ü≥∂Q“ K« Dâß#O^Õâ◊fis Ñ¨Ù~°"£∞
Dâß<≥·ºâ◊ Ñ¨Ù~°O^Õq Hõkä`«O Ñ‘~î°=Ú`«Î=∞"£∞ I
HÍ=∞~°∂ÑÖ „Ñ≤Ü«∞O "å~å}ã‘ <≥·áêÅ"Õ∞= K«
áœO„_»=~°÷# Ñ‘~î°O K« áœ~°HõºO HÍ#º‰õΩ|˚Hõ"£∞ I
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 71
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– JOaHÍÑ‘~î°=Ú – J#O`«Ñ¨Ù~°=Ú – Jx~°∞^ŒúÑ¨Ù~°=Ú

– JkuÑ¨Ù~°=Ú – J#flÑ¨Ó~å‚Ñ‘~î°=Ú – JO|∞*ÏÑ¨Ù~°=Ú – PkÑ‘~î°
P#O^Œ Ñ‘~î°=ÚÅ∞ – P"≥∂^ŒO – JHõOÑ¨, Pk`«ºÑ‘~î°=Ú, W+¨ìÑ¨Ù~°O –
WOk~åÑ¨Ù~°=Ú.
WÖ’^ŒÜ«∞yi, WÖÏO`«=Ú, WO„^•#O^ŒÑ¨Ù~°O q[Ü«∞Ñ¨Ù~°O,
Dâß#O^Õâ◊fi~° Ñ¨Ù~°O – HÍ=∞~°∂ÑÖ – "å~å}ã≤, <ÕáêÖò – áœO„_»
=~°#ú Ñ‘~=°î Ú, Hõ<åº‰õΩ|˚=Ú (Hõ<Òfl*ò =∞^èºŒ „Ñ¨^âÕ ò) Wk qâßfiq∞„`« =∞Ç¨Ïi¬
~å[^è•x #QÆ~°=Ú.
D Ñ‘~î°=ÚÅhfl „Ñ¨â◊ã¨Î=ÚÖË.
â’¡II Ñ¨Ù}Ïº„k=∞~°∞ƒ^ŒOK≥·= UHÍ„=∂ „=∞`«ˆHâ◊fi~°"£∞
„u„™È`«ó HÍ=∞HÀ@OK« `«^è• Éèí$QÆ∞Ñ¨Ù~°O =~°"£∞ I
ÔH·ÖÏã¨Ñ‘~î°O ˆH^•~°O â◊√ÉèíO K«O„^ŒÑ¨Ù~°O `«^è•
NÑ¨Ù~°O K«`«^è• Hõ<åºÑ¨Ù~°O *ÏÅO^èŒ~°O`«^è• I
=∂à◊=O aÅfiÑ‘~î°O K« ^Õg HÀ@O `«^è≥·= K«
QÀHõ~°‚O=∂~°∞`Õâ◊O K« `«^è•@ìÇ¨ã¨"Õ∞=K« I
HÀÖÏ¡<å=∞Hõ QÀ„`«O K« SÖÏÑ¨Ù~°=∞u„Ñ≤Ü«∞"£∞
=∞Ç¨Ñ¨^äŒÑ¨Ù~°OK≥·= FOHÍ~°Ñ¨Ù~°"Õ∞= K« I
[Ü«∞^ŒOK« [Ü«∞Ñ¨Ù~°=Ú[˚~Úh Ñ¨Ù~°O`«^è•
Ç¨Ïi„^•Ñ‘~î°HõO K≥·= „Ñ≤Ü«∞OH©Δ~°Ñ¨Ù~°O „Ñ≤Ü«∞"£∞ I
QÆ*ÏÇ¨ÏfiÜ«∞ Ñ¨Ù~°OK≥·= L_ô¤â◊Ñ¨Ù~°"Õ∞=K«
„Ñ¨Ü«∂QÆO K« `«^è•+¨+‘ª Ñ¨Ù~°"Õ∞= t„Ñ¨^Œ"£∞ I
=∂Ü«∂Ñ¨Ù~° =∞u„âı+¨ªO Ñ¨Ù~°O K« ™œ~°ÉèËâ◊fi~°"£∞
Nâ‹·ÅO"Õ∞~°∞Ñ‘~î°O K« =∞ÅÜ«∞O K« =∞Ç¨yi"£∞ I
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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72 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– Ñ¨Ù}Ïº„k – J~°∞ƒ^ŒO (=∞øO\ò J|∂, ~å[™ê÷<£)
UHÍ„=∞O – „u„™È`«O – HÍ=∞HÀ\˜ – Éèí$QÆ∞Ñ¨Ù~°O – ÔH·ÖÏãÖ – ˆH^•~°O
– K«O„^ŒÑ¨Ù~°O – NÑ¨Ù~°O – Hõ<åºÑ¨Ù~°O.
*ÏÅO^èŒ~°O– =∂à◊=O – aÅfiÑ‘~î°O – ^ÕgHÀ@ – QÀHõ~°‚O–
=∂~°∞`Õâ◊O – J@ìÇ¨ãÖ – H˘ÖÏ›Ñ¨Ùi – SÖÏÑ¨Ùi – =∞Ç¨Ñ¨^äŒÑ¨Ù~°O –
FOHÍ~°Ñ¨Ù~°O.
[Ü«∞Ñ¨Ù~°O – L[˚~Úx – Ç¨Ïi„^•Ñ‘~î°O – H©Δ~°Ñ¨Ù~°O – QÆ[Ñ¨Ù~°O
– L_ô¤â◊Ñ¨Ù~°O – „Ñ¨Ü«∂QÆ – +¨+‘ªÑ¨Ù~°O – ™œ~°ÉèËâ◊fi~°O – Nâ‹·ÅO –
"Õ∞~°∞Ñ¨Ù~°O – =∞ÅÜ«∞ Ñ¨~°fi`«=ÚÅ∞ =∞Ç¨„âı+¨ª ã≤kú ™ê÷#=ÚÅ∞.
â’¡II =∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ Ñ¨Ù~°Ñ‘~î°O K« `«^è• |eÑ¨Ù~°O „Ñ≤Ü«∞"£∞
Ç≤Ï~°}ºÑ¨Ù~°Ñ‘~î°O K« =∞Ç¨ÅH©Δ‡Ñ¨Ù~°O `«^è• I
K«O_ôÑ¨Ù~°=∞u„âı+¨ªO `«^è•KèåÜ«∂ Ñ¨Ù~°O„Ñ≤ÜÕ∞
*Ï˝ `åfiÑ‘~î°q∞^ŒO^Õq q∞^ŒƒùˆHÎ+¨μ „Ñ¨HÍâ◊Ü«∞ I
™ê^èŒ<åÅ¡Éèí`Õã≤kúó ã≤^ŒúˆHΔ„`Õ+¨fi n~°…`«ó
J„`«`Õ „Ñ≤Ü«∞<å=∂x â◊$}∞+¨fi#QÆ#Okx I
HÍ"Õ∞âß HÍ=∞~°∂¿Ñ`«fiO Ñ¨Ó~å‚HÍâßºO q=ÚH˜Î^•
<ÕáêÖË Ñ¨Ù}º^• Ñ¨Ù}Ïº ã¨∞"Õâß áœO„_»=~°ú<Õ I
^èŒ~°‡|∞kúó ã¨∞^è• K≥·= ã¨∞Y^•áêÑ¨"≥∂K«h
¿Ñ~°ˆHº Ñ¨~°=∂#O^• „|Ç¨Ï‡}© Hõ#º‰õΩ|˚ˆH I
Ñ¨Ù}Ïº„^Ò K« =∞Ç¨Ñ¨Ù}Ïº Ñ¨Ó~å‚Ü«∞[˝ Ñ¶¨ÖËâ◊fis
HÍ`åºÜ«∞#º~°∞ƒ^Õ ^Õq ^èŒ#^• t==Å¡ÉèÏ I
UHÍ K≥·HÍ„=∞ˆH ^Õâı ã¨∞~°∂¿Ñâß„=∞ ˆHâ◊fiˆ~
„uÑ¨Ùˆ~ ã¨∞O^Œs k=º~°∂áêdÅ=∞<À Ç¨Ï~å I
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 73
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– =∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ Ñ‘~î°=Ú – |eÑ¨Ù~°O – Ç≤Ï~°}º Ñ¨Ù~°O –

=∞Ç¨ÅH©Δ ‡Ñ¨Ù~°O – K«O_ôÑ¨Ù~°O – KèåÜ«∂Ñ¨Ù~°O – Wq ZO`À „Ñ¨ã≤kú
á⁄Ok#q.
HÍ=∞~°∂Ñ¨=∞O^Œ∞ HÍ"Õ∞tÜ«∞x – HÍtÜ«∞O^Œ∞ q=ÚH˜Î^• –
<ÕáêÖòÖ’ Ñ¨Ù}º^• – áœO„_»~°÷#=∞O^Œ∞ ã¨∞"Õâß – áœ~°Hõº=∞O^Œ∞
Ñ¨~°=∂#O^• – Hõ<åº‰õΩ|˚=∞O^Œ∞ „|Ç¨Ï‡}˜Ü«∞x.
Ñ¨Ù}Ïº„kÜ«∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨Ñ¨Ù}Ïº – J~°∞ƒ^Œ=∞O^Œ∞ HÍ`åºÜ«∞x –
UHÍ„=∞Hõ=∞O^Œ∞ UHÍ – P„=∞ˆHâ◊fi~°=∞O^Œ∞ ã¨∞~°∂¿Ñâß – „uÑ¨Ù~°=∞O^Œ∞
ã¨∞O^Œi Ü«∞x J<ÕHõ k=º ~°∂Ñ¨=ÚÅ`À â◊H˜Î "≥Å∞Q˘O^Œ∞K«∞#flk.
â’¡II HÍ=∞HÀ>Ë =∞Ç¨Ñ‘ˆ~î „Ñ¨=∞^•=∞^Œ<åÅ™ê
HÍ"Õ∞â◊fis~°uâ‹ÂÛ= Éèí$QÆ∞Ñ¨Ù~åºO =„*Ëâ◊fis I
=$ˆHΔ âßK« `«áÈÅH©Δ‡ó ÔH·ÖÏ¿ã Éèí∞=<Õâ◊fis
ˆH^•ˆ~=~°^• K≥·"å=∞$`å KåO„^ŒÑ¨Ùˆ~ã≤`å I
HõàÏ=f „Ñ¨ÉèËâßK« NÑ¨Ùˆ~ N~°=∂„Ñ≤Ü«∂
‰õΩ=∂s „|Ç¨Ï‡K«~åºK« Hõ<åº K« Hõ#ºHÍÑ¨Ùˆ~ I
*ÏÅO^èŒˆ~ =∞Ç¨Ñ‘ˆ~î <åQÆº~åºyfl=Úv â◊√ÉèÏ
*ÏfiÖÏ=Úv Ö’ÅlÇ¨fi ã¨∞"ÕâßK« ã¨∞~°Oy}© I
=∂à◊"ÕK« =∞Ç¨q^•º aÅfiÑ‘ˆ~î K« ~°∂Ñ≤}© I
=∂à◊"Õ K« =∞Ç¨q^•º aÅfi Ñ‘ˆ~î K« ~°∂Ñ≤}©
~°∂Ñ¨=f =∞Ç¨^Õg ^Õg HÀ>ËdÖËâ◊fis I
QÀHõˆ~‚ „Ñ≤Ü«∞Ñ‘ˆ~î `«fiO ~°∞„^•}© ã¨~°fi=∞OQÆàÏ
Ñ¨=<Õ Ç¨Ï~°Ñ‘ˆ~î K« QÆO^èŒNâ◊Û ã¨∞QÆOkèHÍ I
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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74 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
J@ìÇ¨¿ã =∞Ç¨Ñ‘ˆ~î cè=∞HÍm K« HÍoHÍ
q~°*Ë =ÚH˜Î ¿ÇÏ`«∞â◊Û #=∞ó ã¨fiã≤Î ã¨∞^è•=∞~¸ I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– HÍ=∞HÀ\˜Ü«∞O^Œ∞ HÍ"Õ∞â◊fii – Éèí$QÆ∞Ñ¨ÙiÜ«∞O^Œ∞
=„*Ëâfi◊ i – HÔ Ö· Ïã¨=∞O^Œ∞ Éè∞í =<Õâfi◊ i – Hˆ ^•~°=∞O^Œ∞ =~°^• – J=∞$`å,
KåO„^ŒÑ¨Ù~°=∞O^Œ∞ Jã≤`å (HÍo), NÑ¨Ù~°=∞O^Œ∞ HõàÏ=u, „Ñ¨ÉèËâß –
Hõ#ºHÍÑ¨Ù~°=∞O^Œ∞ Hõ<åº, ‰õΩ=∂s, „|Ç¨Ï‡K«~åº.
*ÏÅO^èŒ~°=∞O^Œ∞ Jyfl=Úv – *ÏfiÖÏ=ÚdÜ«∞O^Œ∞ Ö’lÇ¨fi –
=∂à◊==∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨q^Œº – aÅfiÑ‘~î°=∞O^Œ∞ ~°∂Ñ≤}˜ – ^ÕgHÀ@Ü«∞O^Œ∞
JdÖËâ◊fii – QÀHõ~°‚=∞O^Œ∞ ~°∞„^•}˜.
Ç¨Ï~°Ñ‘~î°=∞O^Œ∞ ã¨∞QÆOkèHÍ – Ñ¨=#=∞O^Œ∞ QÆO^èŒN – J@ìÇ¨ã¨
=∞O^Œ∞ cè=∞HÍo – q~°[Ü«∞O^Œ∞ =ÚH˜Î¿ÇÏ`«∞=~Ú# ã¨∞^•=∞~Ú.
â’¡II [Ü«∞„j ~å[ÅH©Δ‡â◊Û ã¨∞"Õâß ~°[Ñ¨~°fi`Õ
SÖÏÑ¨Ùˆ~ =∞Ç¨ãÖÑ¨`ü =∂¿ÇÏâ◊fis =∞Ç¨Ñ¨^äÕ I
QÍÜ«∞„f „|Ç¨Ï‡~°∂áêK« `«™ê‡^ÀOHÍ~°Ñ‘iîˆH
[Ü«∂[Ü«∞Ñ¨Ùˆ~^Õg [Ü«∞^• [Ü«∞=∞OQÆàÏ I
q[Ü«∂=∞OQÆàÏQ“s L[˚~Ú<åºO ã¨^•t"å
Q“sâ◊fi~° =∞Ç¨^Õg Ç¨Ïi„^•Ñ‘~î°ˆHt"å I
H©Δ~°Ñ‘ˆ~î Ü«ÚQÍ^•ºK« H©Δ~åMÏº xÜ«∞=∞„Ñ¨ÉèÏ
~å*Ëâ◊fis =∞Ç¨ÅH©Δ‡ó Ç¨Ïã≤Î<åÑ¨Ù~° "åã≤h I
Hõ=∞ÖÏq=∞ÖÏ ÉèíH©Î ~“„n K« hÅÑ¨~°fi`Õ
Ü≥∂ˆQâ◊fis „u"Õ}ÏºOK« „uó„™È`å „|Ç¨Ï‡~°∂Ñ≤}© I
ã≤O^èŒ∞ã¨÷ÖË HÍ=∞^èÕ#∞ó +¨+‘ª +¨+‘ª Ñ¨Ùˆ~ „Ñ≤ÜÕ∞
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 75
=∂Ü«∂ =∂Ü«∂Ñ¨Ùˆ~ ^Õg ã¨∞~°cè ™œ~°ÉèËâ◊fiˆ~ I

qÖÏã≤h =∞Ç¨ #O^• „Ñ≤Ü«∞K«O^Œ# Ñ¨~°fi`Õ
=∞Ç¨=„*Ëâ◊fis „âıëêª â◊=∞<Õâ◊fi~°Ñ‘~î°ˆH I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– ~å[Ñ¨~°fi`«=∞O^Œ∞ ~å[ÅH˜Δ ‡ – SÖÏÑ¨Ù~°=∞O^Œ∞
=∞Ç¨ãÖÑ¨`ü, =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis – FOHÍ~°Ñ‘~î°=∞O^Œ∞ QÍÜ«∞„u – [Ü«∞Ñ¨Ù~°
=∞O^Œ∞ [Ü«∂ – L[˚~ÚxÜ«∞O^Œ∞ =∞OQÆà◊Q“i – Ç¨Ïi„^• Ñ‘~î°=∞O^Œ∞
Q“sâ◊fis.
H©Δ~°Ñ‘~î°=∞O^Œ∞ Ü«ÚQÍ^•º – Ç¨Ïã≤Î<åÑ¨Ù~°=∞O^Œ∞ ~å*Ëâ◊fii – hÅ
Ñ¨~°fi`«=∞O^Œ∞ q=∞ÖÏ – „u"Õ}˜Ü«∞O^Œ∞ Ü≥∂ˆQâ◊fii – ã≤O^èŒ∞ã¨÷Å=∞O^Œ∞
HÍ=∞^èÕ#∞=Ù.
+¨+‘ªÑ¨Ù~°=∞O^Œ∞ +¨+‘ª^Õq – =∂Ü«∂Ñ¨Ù~°=∞O^Œ∞ =∂Ü«∂^Õq –
™œ~°ÉâËè fi◊ ~°=∞O^Œ∞ ã¨∞~°aè – K«O^Œ#Ñ¨~fi° `«=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨#O^• – â◊=∞<Õâfi◊ ~°
Ñ‘~î°=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨=„*Ëâ◊fii <å=∞=ÚÅ`À „Ñ¨ã≤kú á⁄OkÜ«Ú#flk.
â’¡II Éèí"åh Éèí=ÉèíHÍÎK« Nâ‹·ÖË t==Å¡ÉèÏ
^Õ=`å Ü«∂ ã¨fi~°æÅH©Δ‡ó Hõ#HÍ=∞~°Ñ¨~°fi`Õ I
L=∂Q“s ã¨fã¨`åº áê~°fif Ç≤Ï=∞Ñ¨~°fi`Õ
WO„^Õâ◊fi~° ã¨∞~å~å^è•º =∂¿ÇÏO„^Õ [QÆnâ◊fis I
JÖÏ¡Éè’ˆQâ◊fis x`åº N=∞^ŒƒeÑ¨Ùˆ~ t"å
ã¨∞=~å‚ Hõ#HÍ"å=∂ Ç≤Ï~°}ºÑ¨Ù~° Ñ‘~î°ˆH I
=∞Ç¨ÅH˜Δ‡ =∞¿ÇÏâßh =∞Ç¨ÅH©Δ‡ Ñ¨Ùˆ~OaHÍ
K«O_ôÑ¨Ùˆ~ „Ñ¨K«O_®K« K«O_® K«O_®=f t"å I
Kè«„`Õ"Õ∞Ñ¶¨∞ã¨fi<å K≥·= =∂Ü«∂ Kè«„`Õâ◊fis `«^è•
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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76 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
HÍmÑ¶¨∞>Ëì =∞Ç¨Ñ‘ˆ~î HÍm HÍàÏu‡HÍ `«^è• I
eOˆQMËº Éèˇ·~°gq^•º q[Ü«∂ rÇ¨Ï‡g `«>Ë
™ê~å`ü ™ê~°`«~°O ã¨~°fiO Hõkè`«O `«= ã¨∞O^Œi I
<≥·q∞uÎHÍ~°Û# Ñ‘~î° `«nâ◊fi~° =~°‚#O
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– Nâ‹·Å=∞O^Œ∞ Éèí"åx, Hõ#HÍ=∞~°Ñ¨~°fi`«=Ú#O^Œ∞
ã¨fi~°æÅH˜Δ ‡, Ç≤Ï=∂ÅÜ«∞=Ú#O^Œ∞ – L=∞, Q“i, ã¨f, ã¨`åº áê~°fif –
=∂¿ÇÏO„^Œ=∞O^Œ∞ WO„^Õâ◊fii, [QÆnâ◊fii.
|eÑ¨Ù~°=∞O^Œ∞ JÖÏ¡É’è Qˆ â◊fii – Ç≤Ï~°}ºÑ¨Ù~° Ñ‘~=°î Ú#O^Œ∞ ã¨∞=~°,‚
Hõ#HÍ, =∂Ü«∂, =∞Ç¨ÅH©Δ ‡Ñ¨Ù~°=∞O^Œ∞ JOaHõ, =∞Ç¨ÅH˜Δ ‡, K«O_ôÑ¨Ù~°
=∞O^Œ∞ „Ñ¨K«O_®, K«O_®=u.
HÍmÑ¶∞¨ @ì=Ú#O^Œ∞ HÍoHõ, eOQÆ=Ú#O^Œ∞ Éè~·ˇ q° , *ÏÇ¨Ïflg `«@=Ú
#O^Œ∞ q[Ü«∂ Jx „Ñ¨ã≤kú á⁄Ok#k.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 77
N ^Õ=Ùº"åK«
â’¡II ÉèíQÆ=<£ ã¨~°fi^èŒ~°‡[˝ ã¨~°fiâßG qâß~°^Œ
W^•hO„â’`«∞q∞KåÛùq∞ Ñ¨Ó[#O ‰õΩÅÑ¨Ó[#"£∞ I
NÉèˇ·~°g L"åK« –
â’¡II #=â◊H˜Î~°‡¿ÇÏâßx ÑÖK«â◊H˜Î â◊Û Éèˇ·~°q
Ñ¨$kägO ã¨ã¨ºãÖÑ¨<åflO „ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}Ë "Õ^Œáê~°ˆQ I
^Œ`åfiÜ«∞`«ÊùÅ =∂áÈflu `«`«ÊùÅOH“oHÍ~°Û<å`ü
Ñ¨Ù~°â◊Û~°}HÍÖË-Ñ≤ Ü«∞k™êº`ü Ñ‘~î°Ñ¨Ó[#"£∞ I
`«„`≥·=Ñ‘~î°Ñ¨Ó*Ï™ê =∞#™êÑ≤ # Ç‘ÏÜ«∞`Õ
^Õg HÀ>Ë =∞Ç¨ÉèÏQÍ L_ç¤Ü«∞<Õ K« Éèˇ·~°g I
Ü≥∂x=Ú„^• HÍ=∞~°∂¿Ñ =∞Ç≤Ïëêã¨∞~° =∞iÌh
HÍ`åº~Úh HÍ=∞Éèí∂=∞ø HÍ=∂MÏº HÍ=∞~°∂Ñ≤}© I
*ÏÅO^èŒs K« Ñ¨Óˆ~‚j Ñ¨Ó~°‚ â‹·ÖËK« K«O_çHÍ
J^èŒ"å HÍ=∞~°∂Ñ¨ã¨º ^Œ~°≈#O Ü«∞k ÉèÏQÆº`«ó I
`«^≥·= =∂#ã‘O `«„`« `å™êO K« ãÖ„Ñ¨HõÅÊÜÕ∞`ü
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– áê~°fiu JÉèíº~°÷# =∞xflOz t=Ù_»∞ ‰õΩÅÑ¨Ó[# qkèx
q=iOK«∞K«∞<åfl_»∞.
"Õ^áŒ ê~°Q∞Æ _≥#· „ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}∞xH˜ ã¨ãº¨ ãÖÑ¨#fl"≥∞#ÿ Éè∂í q∞x ^•#q∞zÛ#
ZO`« Ñ¨Ù}º=Ú =K«∞Û<À, H“àÏ~°Û# =Å# ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ#‰õΩ JO`« Ñ¨Ù}º=Ú
=K«∞Û#∞.
Ñ¨Ù~°âÛ◊ ~°} HÍÅ=∞O^Œ∞ ‰õÄ_® Ñ‘~åî ~°Û# =∂#ã≤HÑõ Ó¨ [ KÕÜ∞« =K«∞Û.
^Õg HÀ@=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨ÉèÏQÍ – L_ôÜ ¤ ∂« #=∞O^Œ∞ Éè~·ˇ q° , HÍ=∞~°∂Ñ¨=∞O^Œ∞
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78 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
Ü≥∂x=Ú„^•, HÍ=∂MÏº – *ÏÅO^èŒ~°=∞O^Œ∞ Ñ¨Óˆ~‚j – Ñ¨Ó~°‚â‹·Å=∞O^Œ∞
K«O_çHõ – D ã¨Å÷ =ÚÅO^Œ∞ =∂#ã≤Hõ [Ñ¨=Ú, J~°Û# ZO`À Ñ¶Å¨ „Ñ¨^=Œ Ú
ÅQÆ∞#∞.
â’¡II ^•fi^ŒâßºO Ñ¨Ó[ÜÕ∞kfi+¨μ‚O K«`«∞~°Ìâßº=Ú=∂Ñü"£∞ I
J+¨ì=∂ºO Ñ¨Ó[ÜÕ∞`üâ◊H˜ÎO ã¨~°fiã≤kú „Ñ¨^•OH˜Å
ˆHâ◊ãÖ™ê¯~° Hõ~å‡}˜ HÍ~°ÜÕ∞^£ ã¨~°fi^•„Ñ≤ÜÕ∞ I
P^•"åhÜ«∞ ^Õ"Õt ã¨fiHÍO`åO "å Ñ¨~°„ã≤ÎÜ«∞"£∞
„Ñ¨^èŒ=∞O Kåã¨#O^Œ`åfi áê^ŒºO ^Œ^•º`ü `«`«ó Ñ¨~°"£∞ I
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ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– ^•fi^Œt ukèÜ«∞O^Œ∞ q+¨μ‚=Ù#∞ Ñ¨ÓlOKåe. K«`«∞~°Ìt
Ü«∞O^Œ∞ t=Ùx P~åkèOKåe. J+¨ìq∞k#=Ú# â◊H˜ÎÑ¨Ó[ KÕÜ«∂e ˆHâ◊
ãÖ™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞ QÍqOz ‰õΩÅÑ¨Ó[‰õΩ LÑ¨„Hõq∞OKåe.
`«# ÉèÏ~°º#∞ QÍx – Ñ¨~„° ã‘xÎ QÍx D H“à◊ÑÓ¨ [‰õΩ qxÜ≥∂yOKåe.
=ÚO^Œ∞QÍ Pã¨#O WzÛ `«^Œ∞Ñï áê^ŒºO – J~°…ºO – PK«=∞hÜ«∞O
"≥Ú^ŒÖˇ·# ëÈ_»â’Ñ¨Kå~°=ÚÅ∞ PK«iOKåe.
7 – 8 – 9 – 10 – 11 – 12 – 13 – 14 – 15 – 16
ãÖ=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞ QÆÅ Hõ#º#∞ ÉèíH˜ÎÉèÏ==Ú`À JiÛOKåe.
Ñ≤=∞‡@ K«„HÍ~°Û#Ü«∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨„^Œ=º ã¨=∞~°Ê} (=∞^ŒºO) ã¨Î<åk
– ÉèQí ÑÆ ~¨ º° O`«O c[=∞O„`«<åºã¨=ÚÅ∞ QÍqOz H“àÏKå~ÀHõ=Î ÚQÍ Éè~·ˇ g°
Ñ¨Ó[ QÍqOKåe. W^ŒO`«Ü«¸ QÆ∞~°∞=ÚY=ÚQÍ<Õ „QÆÇ≤ÏOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
ãÖ^è•ºHÍÅ=ÚÖ’ t"åÅÜ«∞=Ú#O^Œ∞ |e ã¨=∞iÊOKåe. ÖË^•
=∂ˆ~_»∞K≥@∞ì =¸Å=Ú=^ŒÌ – â◊‡âß#=Ú#O^Œ∞ – x~°˚# „Ñ¨^Õâ◊=ÚÖ’
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 79
– `«# Éèí=#=Ú#O^Œ∞ ~°Ç¨Ïã¨º ã¨÷Å=ÚÖ’QÍx =∂Oã¨ „Ñ¨^è•#"≥∞ÿ#

<≥·"Õ^Œº=Ú#∞ ã¨=∞iÊOKåe.
'HÍm t"å ã¨~°fi~°∂Ñ¨^èŒˆ~ PQÆK«Ûù PQÆK«Ûù =∞=∞ |eO QÆ$Ç¨Ï‚ QÆ$Ç¨Ï‚
™êfiÇ¨— Wk |e=∞O„`«=Ú.
âßˆHÎÜ«ÚÅ q^èŒ∞Å∞
â’¡II „áê`«~°∞`å÷Ü«∞ =∞O„`«[˝ó ‰õΩÅ=$HõΔO „Ñ¨}=∞º K«
t~°ó Ñ¨^Õ‡ QÆ∞~°∞O^è•º`åfi `«`ü ã¨∞^è•áê¡q`«O ã¨‡ˆ~`ü I
=∂#Ãã·~°∞Ñ¨KåÔ~·ã¨∞Î `«=∂~å^èŒº x~å=∞Ü«∞ó
=¸ÖÏk „|Ç¨Ï‡~°O„^è•O`«O =¸Å q^•ºO qÉèÏ=ÜÕ∞`ü I
ã¨∂~°ºHÀ\˜ „Ñ¨fHÍâßO ã¨∞^è•áê¡q`« q„QÆÇ¨"£∞
`«`ü „Ñ¨ÉèÏÑ¨@Å "åºÑ¨ÎO ã¨fiâ◊s~°O qzO`«ÜÕ∞`ü I
âı¡ëê`«‡Hõ – Hõ~°O*ÏHõΔ – xOÉÏâ◊fi`«÷ Hõ^ŒO|HÍó
aÖ’¡"åºÑ¨º^èŒ"åâ’Hõ W`«ºëœì‰õΩÅáê^Œáêó I
ÉÏÖÏO "å Ü«∞ø=<À#‡`åÎO =$^•úO"å ‰õΩÅã¨∞O^Œs"£∞
`å™êO„Ñ¨Ç¨~ÀxO^•"å H“\˜Åº=∞„Ñ≤Ü«∞O `«^è• I
ã¨~°fi^è• K« # Hõ~°Î=º =∞#º^è•ã≤kú ~ÀÇ¨ÏHõó
„áêÜ«∞tÛ`«ÎO Éèí$QÀóáê`«O f~åúaèQÆ=∞#O `«^è• I
Ñ≤O_»O "Õ^Àk`«O <åºãÖ H“àıÑÖK« q=~°˚ÜÕ∞`ü
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– H“àÏKå~°=Ú áê\ÕK«∞"å~°∞ „áê`«ó HÍÅ=Ú# ÖËz
‰õΩÅ=$HõΔ=Ú#‰õΩ #=∞ã¨¯iOz, ã¨Ç¨Ï„™ê~°=∞O^Œ∞ QÆ∞~°∞=Ù#∞ ^è•ºxOK«
=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. J=∞$`«=ÚKÕ `«_»∞Ñ¨|_ç#@∞¡ ÉèÏqOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
=∂#™ÈÑ¨Kå~°=ÚÅ∞ PK«iOz, =¸ÖÏ^è•~°k „|Ç¨Ï‡~°O„^è•O`«=Ú
â◊H˜Î `Õ[ã¨∞û `«# â◊s~°=∞O`å "åºÑ≤Oz#@∞¡ ÉèÏqOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
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80 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
8 ‰õΩÅ=$HõΔ=ÚÅ∞
QÍ#∞QÆ – x=∞‡ – ~åq – Hõ^ŒO|O – =∂ˆ~_»∞ – Jâ’Hõ=Ú
âı¡ëê‡`«H˜ ( ) – JHõΔ ( ), g\˜x Ñ¨ÓlOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. #~°∞Hõ~å^Œ∞.
„ã‘ÎÅ#∞ Q“~°qOK«=Öˇ#∞. ^Œ∂+≤OK«~å^Œ∞. "åix ãÖ`À+¨Ñ¨~°K«=Öˇ#∞.
„áêÜ«∞tÛ`«Î=Ú – f~°úÜ«∂„`« – `«kÌ#=ÚÅ∞ („âß^ŒúHõ~°‡)
"≥·kHõ<åºã¨=ÚÅ∞ – g~°ºã¨öÅ#=Ú, D J~Ú^Œ∂ H“à◊√Å∞ KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞.
â’¡II Éèí∂`«Ç≤ÏO™ê #Hõ~°Î"åº Ñ¨â◊√Ç≤ÏO™êqâı+¨`«ó
|e^•#O q<å^Õ"åº Ç≤ÏO™ê ã¨~°fi„`« =~°˚ÜÕ∞`ü I
"≥·âßMË=∂ã≤ ^Õ"Õt qkè=`ü HÍoHÍOÉèí∞=<Õâ◊fis"£∞ I
„Ñ¨ã¨∞ÎuOHÍ~°ÜÕ∞kfi^•fi<£ ã¨~°fiHÍ=∞ Ñ¶¨Å„Ñ¨^•"£∞
HõÖ∫HÍm `«^è•`å~å Kå#flÑ¨Ó~å‚ K« ã¨∞O^Œs I
U`å™êO ã≤^Œú q^•º<åO N=∞O„`« „QÆÇ¨Ï}Ï^ŒÑ≤
t=`«fiO *ÏÜ«∞`Õã¨∞„Éèí∞ ãÖâ◊Ü≥∂<åã≤Î Hõâ◊Û# I
j„Ñ¶¨∞O ã≤^èŒºOu =∞O„`åâ◊Û ã¨`«ºO ã¨`«ºO =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fii
=∂¿Ñ¶∞ =∂ã¨ºã≤`Õ Ñ¨ˆHΔ ~°@O`åºMÏº K«`«∞~°Ìj I
`«™êºOãÖÑ¨Ó*ÏÜÕ∞`åÎ~åO =∞Ç¨qÉèí= qã¨ÎÔ~·ó I
=∂¿Ñ¶∞=∂ã≤ ã≤`Õ Ñ¨ˆHΔ ã¨Ñ¨Îg∞ ~°q=Å¡ÉèÏ
J#fl^•O Ñ¨Ó[ÜÕ∞`ü ÉèíHÍÎº Ñ¨Ù„`«áœ„`« ã¨=∞xfi`«ó I
HÍiÎˆH â◊√Hõ¡ Ñ¨HõΔã¨º #=g∞ Ü«∂â◊√ÉèÏÉèí"Õ`ü
`«™êºOÑ¨Ó*Ïº=∞¿ÇÏâßx ã¨∞O^Œs Ñ¨~°^Õ=`å I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– Éèí∂`«Ç≤ÏOã¨ KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. Ñ¨â◊√Ç≤ÏOã¨ Ñ¨xH˜~å^Œ∞.
|e ã¨=∞Ü«∞=Ú#O^Œ∞ `«ÑÊ¨ W`«~° „áê}∞Å#∞ Ç≤ÏOã≤OK«~å^Œ∞. "≥â· ßY=∂ã¨
`«kÜ«∞<å_»∞ ''HÍm Ñ¨Ó[—— `«Ñ¨ÊHõ KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 81
HõeÜ«ÚQÆ=Ú#O^Œ∞ – HÍo, `å~°, J#flÑ¨Ó~°‚ ã≤^Œúq^ŒºÅ∞QÍ K≥Ñ¨Ê

|_ç#q =∞O„`ÀÑ¨^Õâ◊ =∂„`«=Ú#<Õ â◊√ÉèíÑ¶ë`«=ÚÅ∞ HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞.
=∂Ñ¶¨∞=∂ã¨ |Ç¨ïà◊ K«`«∞~°Ìt J#QÍ =∂ã¨t=~å„u ''~°@Of
K«`«∞~°Ìt—— J#|_»∞#∞. D ~ÀA# ''`å~°——#∞ Ñ¨ÓlOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
=∂Ñ¶ ¨ ∞ ã¨ Ñ ¨ Î q ∞<å_» ∞ J#QÍ ~° ^ ä Œ ã ¨ Ñ ¨ Î q ∞<å_» ∞ J#flÑ¨ Ó ~° ‚ # ∞
ã¨‰õΩ@∞O|=ÚQÍ JiÛOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
HÍsÎHõ â◊√^Œú #=q∞<å_»∞ „uÑ¨Ù~°ã¨∞O^Œix Ñ¨ÓlOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
™ê^èŒ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ `«fii`« ã≤kú ÅaèOK«∞#∞.
HÍ=∞ºHõ~°‡Å∞
â’¡II âßO uO Ñ¨Ù+≤ìO `«^è• =â◊º=∂Hõ~À¬ KåÛ@<åkHõ"£∞
+¨\òHõ~å‡}˜ „Ñ¨Ü«ÚHÍÎx x„QÆÇ¨ÏŸ =∂~°}O`«^è• I
¿ÇÏ=∞O`À âßOuˆH „áÈHÀÎ =ãÖ`À =â◊ºHõ~°‡}˜
ttˆ~ã¨ÎOÉèí#O„áÈHõÎO q^èÕº¿+ „w+¨‡ Di`«ó I
=âıºKåHõ~°¬}Ë K≥·= ~°HõÎ =~°‚O qÉèÏ=ÜÕ∞`ü
xifi+‘Hõ~°}Ë âßO`Ò Ñ¨Ùëœì KåáêºÜ«∞<Õ ã≤`«"£∞ I
Ñ‘`«Oã¨ÎOÉèí# HÍˆ~º+¨μ Hõ$+¨‚ =~å‚ÉèíHõO =∞$`Ò
=∞O„`åO`Õ <å=∞ ãÖ™ê÷#O Ü≥∂QÆ W`«ºaènèÜ«∞`Õ I
âßOuˆH¿Ñ+≤ìˆH =âıº „áêÜ«∞tÛ`«Î qâ’^èŒ<Õ
"≥∂Ç¨Ï<Õ nÑ¨<ÕÜ≥∂QÆO „Ñ¨Ü«ÚO[Ou =∞h+≤}ó I
ã¨ÎOÉèí<ÀKåÛ@<ÀKÕÛù^Œ q^Õfi¿++¨μ ã¨ KÀK«º`Õ
<å=∞fl P^ŒºO`«=∞^èÕº K« =∞O„`«™êO=ÚYº LK«º`Õ I
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q^Õfi+¨} – =∂~°} Hõ~°‡Å∞ HÍ=∞ºHõ~°‡Å#|_»∞#∞.
¿ÇÏ=∞O`« |∞∞`«∞=Ù#O^Œ∞ âßOuHõ~°‡Å∞ – =ãÖ`«=∞O^Œ∞ =â◊º=Ú
– tt~°=∞O^Œ∞ ã¨ÎOÉèí# – „w+¨‡=∞O^Œ∞ q^Õfi+¨}O – „Ñ¨Ü≥∂yOK«
=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
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Ñ¨Ù+≤ì Hõ~‡° ÅO^Œ∞ `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù~°OQÆ∞ ÉèÏqOK«=Öˇ#∞. ãÖÎ Éè#í Hõ~‡° Ü«∞O^Œ∞ Ñ¨ã∞¨ Ñ¨Ù
=∂~°}=∞O^Œ∞ #Å∞Ñ¨Ù ÉèÏqOKåe.
=∞O„`«=Ú z=~° ¿Ñ~°∞#∞ KÕ~°∞Û@ 'Ü≥∂QÆ— =∞#|_»∞#∞. âßOu
Ñ¨Ù+≤ì =â◊º "≥∂Ç¨Ï# nÑ¨#=ÚÅO^Œ∞ Ü≥∂QÆ=Ú#∞ „Ñ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
ãÖÎ Éè<í ÀKåÛ@# q^Õfi+¨=ÚÅO^Œ∞ ¿Ñ~°∞#∞ =∞O„`«=Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ =ÚO^Œ∞
– =∞^èŒº# – z=~°# KÕ~°Û=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. nxx ''™êO=ÚYº=Ú—— Jx
JO\Ï~°∞.
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Ü«∞`üâßOuˆH q^è•`«=ºO <å=∂^ŒºO`Õ Ü«∞^•=∞#∞ó I
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ã¨ÎOÉèË =∞$`«∞º[ÜÕ∞ kfiëœì ~°HõΔ}Ïk+¨μ ãÖÑ¨Ù@ó I
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q^Œ~°ƒù U+¨q*Ë˝Ü≥∂ =Úxaèã¨ÎO„`«"Õkaèó I
=Ç≤ÏflHÍˆ~º [¿Ñ`ü ™êfiÇ¨ #=∞ó ã¨~°fi„`« Kå~°Û<Õ
âßOuÑ¨Ù+≤ì =â◊^Õfi+¨ =∂~°}ÀKåÛ@<Õ`«^è• I
ã¨fi^è•™êfiÇ¨ =+¨\ò Ç¨ÏOK« "Ò+¨\ò Ñ¶¨\ò„Hõ=∂<£#º¿ã`ü I
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 83
Ñ¨^•‡ã¨#O =∞Ç¨^Õq áœ+≤ìˆH ã¨=Ú^•Ç¨Ï$`«"£∞

=âıºK≥·==∞¿ÇÏâßx `«^è• K« âßOuˆH t"Õ I
Pã¨#O ã¨fiã≤ÎHõO „áÈHõÎO ™êHΔÍ`ü ã≤kú Hõ~°O `«^è•
PHõ$¿+ì K« =∞¿ÇÏâßx q^Õfi¿+ ã¨=Ú^•Ç¨Ï$`«"£∞ I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– =∞O„`«=ÚÖ’x „Ñ¨f JHõΔ~°=Ú `«~°∞"å`« ¿Ñ~°∞#∞
KÕ~°∞Û@ ''=∞O„`« „QÆ^èŒ#O—— J#|_»∞#∞. Wk âßOu Hõ~°‡ÅO^Œ∞ KÕÜ«∞
=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. ¿Ñ~°∞‰õΩ P^ŒºO`«=ÚÅO^Œ∞ =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ KÕ~∞° Û@#∞ ''ãÖÑ¨Ù@——
=∞#|_»∞#∞.
ã¨ÎOÉèí# – =∂~°} – q^Õfi+¨}=ÚÅO^Œ∞ ãÖÑ¨Ù@=Ú KÕÜ«∞
=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. ™ê^èŒº<å=∞=ÚÖ’x „Ñ¨f JHõΔ~°=Ú#‰õÄ Ô~O_»∞ Ô~O_»∞
=∞O„`åHõΔ~°=ÚÅ∞ KÕ~°∞Û@#∞ ''q^Œ~°ƒù—— JO^Œ∞~°∞.
ã¨HõÅ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=ÚÅO^Œ∞ =∞O„`«=Ú#‰õΩ ''™êfiÇ¨—— Jx KÕ~°Û
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KÕ~°Û#=ã¨~°=Ú ÖË^Œ∞ – "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü)
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– q^Õfi+¨}‰õΩ Ç¨ïO – =∂~°}‰õΩ "Ò+¨\ò – LKåÛ@#‰õΩ Ñ¶¨\ò J#∞
Ñ¨^Œ=ÚÅ#∞ KÕ~°Û=Öˇ#∞. g\˜x ''Ñ¨Å¡==ÚÅ∞—— JO^Œ∞~°∞.
Ñ¨Ù+≤ìH˜ Ñ¨^•‡ã¨#O – âßOu =â◊º Hõ~°‡ÅO^Œ∞ ã¨fiã≤ÎHÍã¨#O
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[#‡ãÖ™ê¯~°HõO<å=∞ Ñ¨Ù„`Õ *Ï`Õ „Ñ¨â◊ã¨º`Õ I
lÇ¨fiÜ«∂O`«∞ eMË`ü =∞O„`«O Ü«∞[˝^•~°∞ ‰õΩâı#"å
"å~°„`«Ü«∞O ã¨∞ãÖ=∂~°˚º ^ŒH˜Δ}Ë <≥·= áê}˜<å I
=∞O„`«=ÚKåÛ~°º „Ñ¨`ÕºHõO ÑÖH˜ÎO ‰õΩ~åº`ü ã¨∞â’Éèí<å"£∞
=¸Å=∞O„`«O eMË`ü =∞O„f Ü«∞™Èº¿+ª âıfi`«^Œ∂~°fiÜ«∂ I
Ü«∞^•Ñ≤`å# ^Õâ◊ã¨÷ó Ñ≤`«$"Àº =∂`«∞Ö’-Ñ≤ "å I
"åHÀºKåÛ~° ~°`À ÉÏÖ’ "åw‡„^Œ∞`« Hõq~°ƒù"Õ`ü
`«<å‡`«∞ó "å=∞Hõˆ~‚ `«∞ âßOu™ÈÎ„`«O Ñ¨ˆ~î#∞‡^• I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– D =∞O„`«=Ú`À 100 ™ê~°∞¡ =∞O„uOz# [Å=Ú
"å~°O ~ÀAÅ∞ ¿ãqOz# q^•º=O`«∞_»QÆ∞#∞.
`«O„_ç, Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ ÉÏ~°™êÅ KÕÜ«Ú#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ "åi <åÅ∞HõÃÑ· ÖË^•
ÃÑ^Œ=ÙÅÃÑ· =¸Å=∞O„`«=Ú#∞ ‰õΩ_çKÕu`À |OQÍ~°∞ LOQÆ~°=Ú`À
edOz# ÉÏÅ∞~°∞ Q˘Ñ¨Ê q^•º=O`«∞ÅQÆ∞^Œ∞~°∞.
`«O„_ç ÖË‰õΩ#fl#∂ – W`«~°KÀ@¡ L#fl#∂ D „Ñ¨„H˜Ü«∞ Ñ≤#`«O„_ç
– "Õ∞#=∂=∞Å∞ PK«iOK«=K«∞Û.
Ñ≤=∞‡@ P ÉÏÅ∞x `«e¡Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Z_»=∞ K≥qÜ«∞O^Œ∞ D „HÕk
âßOu ™ÈÎ„`«=Ú ÑïîOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
âßOu ™ÈÎ„`«O
â’¡II =∂`«ˆ~Ìq #=∞¿ãÎ-ã¨∞Î „|Ç¨Ï‡~°∂Ñ¨^èŒˆ~-#¿Ñ¶∞
Hõ$Ñ¨Ü«∂ Ç¨Ï~° qÑ¶¨∞flO "Õ∞ ã¨~°fiã≤kúO „Ñ¨Ü«∞K«Ûù"Õ∞ I
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 91
=∞¿ÇÏt=~°^Õ ^Õq Ñ¨~°=∂#O^Œ ~°∂Ñ≤}©

Hõ$Ñ¨Ü«∂ Ç¨Ï~°"Õ∞ ^Õq ã¨~°fiã≤kúO „Ñ¨Ü«∞K«Ûù"Õ∞ I
H“=∂i ã¨~°fi q^Õºâı H“=∂~°„H©_»<Õ Ñ¨ˆ~
Hõ$Ñ¨Ü«∂ Ç¨Ï~°"Õ∞ qÑ¶¨∞flO ã¨~°fiã≤kúO „Ñ¨Ü«∞K«Ûù"Õ∞ I
q+¨μ‚~°∂Ñ¨ ^èŒˆ~ ^Õq q#`åã¨∞`« "åÇ≤Ïx
Hõ$Ñ¨Ü«∂ Ç¨Ï~° qÑ¶¨∞flO "Õ∞ =∞O„`«ã≤kúO „Ñ¨Ü«∞K«Ûù"Õ∞ I
"å~åÇ≤Ï =~°^Õ ^Õq ^ŒO„ëÈì ^èŒÌ$`« =ã¨∞O^èŒˆ~
â◊„Hõ~°∂Ñ¨^èŒˆ~ ^Õq â◊„HÍkã¨∞~°Ñ¨Ól`Õ
Kå=ÚO_Õ =ÚO_»=∂ÖÏã¨$H± K«iÛ`Õ qÑ¶¨∞fl<åtx
=∞Ç¨ÅH˜Δ‡ =∞Ç¨ÏŸ`åû¿ÇÏ â’HõãÖ`åÑ¨ Ç¨i}˜
q∞u =∂`«$=∞ÜÕ∞ ^Õq q∞u=∂`«$ |Ç≤Ï+¨¯$`Õ
UˆH|Ç¨Ï`«ˆ~^Õq qâ◊fi~°∂¿Ñ #"≥∂ã¨∞Î`Õ I
D ™ÈÎ„`«=Ú x`«º=¸ áê~åÜ«∞} KÕÜ«Ú@ =Å#, ã¨HõÅ
HÍ~°º=ÚÅ∂ qÑ¶¨∞fl=ÚÅ∞ U~°Ê_»‰õΩO_® ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ Ñ¶¨Å"≥Úã¨QÆ∞#∞.
H“àÏKå~°=ÚÖ’x, HÍo – hÅã¨~°ã¨fiu – J#flÑ¨Ó~å‚ – Éèˇ·~°g
"≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞ =∞O„`«=ÚÅ∞, ''=∞Ç¨p<åKå~°—— q^è•#=ÚÖ’ ‰õÄ_®
ã≤kúOK«∞#∞. ã¨HõÅ Ñ‘~î°=ÚÅÖ’#∂ Ü≥∂xÑ‘~î°=Ú KåÖÏ Q˘Ñ¨Êk. =∞Ç¨
p#„Hõ=∞=Ú, =∂#ã≤Hõ=ÚQÍ ÉèÏqOz PK«iOK«∞ ã¨=∞Ü«∂Kå~°=Ú {
H“àÏKå~°=ÚÅ HõÅ~ÚHõ Jx K≥Ñ¨Ê=K«∞Û#∞.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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92 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
L`«Î=ÚÖˇ·# ãÖ™ê¯~°=O`«∞Öˇ·# „Ñ¨^èŒ=∞„âı}˜ ™ê^èŒ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ =∂„`«"Õ∞
'=∞Ç¨p<åKå~°=Ú— PKå~°}©Ü«∞=Ú. q+¨Ü«∞Ö’Å∞~°‰õΩ Wk „Ñ¨=∂^Œ=Ú
HõeyOz z`«Î„Éèí=∞Å∞ HõÅ∞QÆKÕÜ«Ú#∞. Ü≥∂QÆâßG=Ú#O^Œ∞ „áêg}º`«
Hõey – „áê}"åÜ«Ú=Ù#∞ `«# Wëêì#∞™ê~°=Ú W_® – Ñ≤OQÆàÏ –
ã¨∞+¨μ=∂fl <å_»∞ÅÖ’ ÃÑH· ˜ „HÕ^ŒH˜ „Ñ¨ãi¨ OÑ¨ KÕÜ∞« QÆey#"åˆ~ D ™ê^è#Œ ‰õΩ
J~°∞›Å∞.
â’¡II =¸ÅHõO^Õ K« Ü«∂ â◊H˜Î~°˚ QÆ^•^è•~° ~°∂Ñ≤}©
`«^£ „Éèí=∂=~°Î"å`À Ü«∞ó „áê}ó W`«∞ºK«º`Õ |∞^è≥·ó I
H˜Δb¡â◊ÉÏÌ=ºHõÎ`«~å ‰õÄ[Of ã¨`«`Àu÷`å
QÆK«ÛùOf „|Ç¨Ï‡~°O„^èÕ} „Ñ¨qâ◊Of ã¨fiˆH`«#"£∞ I
Ü«∂`åÜ«∂`« „Hõ"Õ∞}ˇÿ= `«„`« ‰õΩ~åº#‡<ÀÅÜ«∞"£∞
`Õ# =∞O„`Õ tMÏ*Ï`å ã¨~°fi=∞O„`«„Ñ¨nÑ≤HÍ I
`«=∞óÑ¨Óˆ~‚ QÆ$¿ÇÏÜ«∞^Œfi^£ # HÕz^ŒÑ≤ ÉèÏã¨`Õ
tMÏÇ‘Ï<åã¨Î^è•=∞O„`å # ã≤^èŒºOu Hõ^•K«# I
tM’Ñ¨^Õâ◊ó ã¨~°fi„`« QÀÑ≤`«ó Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fii
`Õ#q<å # ã≤kúó ™êº`ü =~°¬HÀ\˜â◊`≥·~°Ñ≤ I
ÉèÏ"å~°Oú :– =¸ÖÏ^è•~°=∞O^Œ∞ [QÆ`∞« #Î HÍ^è•~°"∞≥ #ÿ â◊HÎ˜ Ü«Ú#flk.
P ‰õΩO_»ex K«∞@∂ì u~°∞QÆ∞ "åÜ«Ú=Ù<Õ „áê}=Ú JO\Ï~°∞.
Jk J=ºHõÎ â◊|Ì=Ú KÕÜ«ÚK«∂ ÃÑ·H˜ – „HÕ^Œ‰õΩ ãÖKå~°=Ú
KÕÜÚ« K«∞O_»∞#∞. JK«@ =∞#ã¨∞#∞ ÅÜ«∞=Ú KÕã#≤ ''=∞O„`«tY—— Ñ¨Ù@∞ì#∞.
tMÏÇ‘Ï#"≥∞ÿ# =∞O„`«=ÚÅ∞ ã≤kúOK«=Ù. D tM’Ñ¨^Õâ◊=Ú KåÖÏ
~°Ç¨Ïã¨º"≥∞ÿ#k. QÆ∞~°∞=ÚYQÍ<Õ „QÆÇ≤ÏOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. (Hõ#∞Hõ<Õ „|Ç¨ÏŸ‡Ñ¨
^Õâ◊=Ú KÕã≤#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ =∞O„`«âßM’Ñ¨^Õâ◊ zÇ¨Ïfl=ÚQÍ LÑ¨#Ü«∞#=∞O^Œ∞
ÑÖK«tYÅ∞ ÃÑ_»`å~°∞ – "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü ‰õΩ=∂~ü)
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 93
â’¡II xâßKå~°O k"åKå~°O ãÖ^è•ºKå~°O K« Ñ¨Å¡="£∞

^Œ∞~°¡ÉèíO c[ãÖÜ«ÚHõÎO ÉèÏ=ãÖÜ≥∂QÆ"Õ∞=K« I
*Ï˝`åfi „Ñ¨É’^èŒÜÕ∞`ü g~À QÆ∞~°∞ã¨Î„`≥·= HÍ~°}"£∞
™êfiÑ¨HÍÖË `«∞ =∞O„`å}ÏO [áÈ-#~°ú Ñ¶¨Å„Ñ¨^Œó I
™êfiÑ¨HÍÖ’ "å=∞"åÇ¨ÏŸ *ÏQÆ~À ^ŒH˜Δ}Ï=Ç¨Ïó
„Ñ¨É’^èŒHÍÅO *ÏhÜ«∂`ü =∞O„`«Ü≥∂ ~°∞ÉèíÜ≥∂~°Ñ≤ I
"å=∞"åÇ¨ÏŸ Ü«∞^•"åÜ«Úó n~å…}ÏO Ü≥∂[#O `«^•
^ŒH˜Δ}™êºO Ü«∞^•"åÜ«Úó `«^• „Ç¨Ï™Èfi xÜ≥∂l`«ó I
LÉèíÜ«∞™È÷ Ü«∞^•"åÜ«Úã¨Î^• ã¨∞º~°∞ÉèíÜ«∂`«‡HÍó
„Ñ¨}=O =∂`«$HÍ^Õg Ç¨Ï$ÖË¡v`«º=∞$`«„`«Ü«∞"£∞ I
J=∞$`«„`«Ü«∞ ãÖÜ≥∂QÍ`ü ^Œ∞+¨ì=∞O„`À-Ñ≤ ã≤^èŒºu
Ü≥∂+≤`åO ^è•‡#=∂„`Õ} ã≤^Œú Ü«∞ã¨∞º~°fl ãÖâ◊Ü«∞ó I
Ü«∞^è•-Ü«∞™ê¯O`« =∂„`Õ} QÆ∂_è» q^ŒútÅO `«fiÜ«∞ó
ã¨fiÜ«∞"Õ∞= |Ç≤Ï~åºu Ü«∞^è•"≥· ™œ~°`Õ[™ê I
Ñ¨Ù+¨Ê^Œ~°≈# =∂„`Õ} QÆO^èŒ~°fiâ◊Û ã¨∞vÉèí"Õ`ü
‰õΩÅÑ¨Ù+¨Ê „Ñ¨^•<Õ# Ü«∞^è•â◊H˜Îó „Ñ¨`å+¨ºu I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– xâßKå~°O – k"åKå~°O – ãÖ^è•ºKå~°=Ú –
Ñ¨Å¡==ÚÅ∞ W=hfl `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘#=Öˇ#∞.
Z_»=∞=Ú‰õΩ¯ ~°O„^èŒ=Ú#O^Œ∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ QÍe ãÖK«iOK«∞@#∞ xâß
HÍÅ=Ú JO\Ï~°∞. W\˜ì ã¨=∞Ü«∞=Ú# [Ñ≤OK«∞ =∞O„`«=Ú Ñ¶ë`« =ÚO_»^Œ∞.
‰õΩ_ç=Ú‰õΩ¯ ~°O„^èŒ=Ú#O^Œ∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ QÍe ãÖK«iOK«∞@#∞ k"å
HÍÅ=Ú JO\Ï~°∞. W\˜ì ã¨=∞Ü«∞=ÚÖ’<Õ =∞O„`« [Ñ¨=Ú KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞.
~Ô O_»∞ =Ú‰õΩ¯ ~°O„^è=Œ ÚÅO^Œ∞ QÍe ãÖK«iOK«∞@#∞ ãÖ^è•ºHÍÅ=Ú JO\Ï~°∞.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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94 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
FO – SO – „Ç‘ÏO – D =¸_»∞ c*ÏHõΔ~°=ÚÅ#∞ ''J=∞$`«
„`«Ü«∞=Ú—— JO\Ï~°∞. U =∞O„`«=Ú#ÔH·##∂ D J=∞$`«„`«Ü«∞=Ú#∞
KÕiÛ [Ñ≤Oz# `«Ñ¨ÊHõ ã≤kúOK«∞#∞.
JÜ«∞™ê¯O`«=Ú#∞ á⁄O^Œ∞ W#∞Ñ¨ ~°[#∞=Öˇ JÖÏˆQ J=∞$`«
„`«Ü«∞=Ú =Å# – „ã‘Î ^è•º#=Ú =Å# ™œ~°`Õ[ã¨∞û |Ç≤Ï~°æ`«=∞QÆ∞#∞.
Ñ¨Ù+¨Ê^Œ~°≈#=ÚKÕ QÆO^èŒ~°∞fiÅ∞ ãÖ`À+¨=Ú K≥O^Œ∞#@∞¡, ‰õΩÅÑ¨Ù+¨Ê
„Ñ¨^•#=ÚKÕ â◊H˜Î ãÖ`À+¨=Ú K≥O^Œ∞#∞.
â’¡II QÆ∞~°∞¿ã"≥·Hõ =∂„`Õ} =∞O„`«ã≤kú ~°ƒù"Õ^Œº^è•
=∞Ç¨Ñ¨^Œ‡=#O ^è•º`åfi Ü«∞^è•ã≤núâ◊fi~À Éèí"Õ`ü I
„uÑ¨Ù~å^è•º#=∂„`Õ} Éèí∞H˜Î =ÚH˜Î~°º^è• Éèí"Õ`ü
HÍ=∂MÏº Ü≥∂xÑ¨Ó*ÏÜ«∂O Ü«∞^è• `«∞+¨ºu Éèˇ·~°q
Ü≥∂+≤zÛO`«#=∂„`Õ} `«^è≥·= =~°^•~Úh
`«™ê‡`ü ã¨~°fi„Ñ¨Ü«∞`Õfl# nHõΔÜÕ∞`ü x[H“eH©"£∞ I
JnH˜Δ`« ‰õΩÖÏãÖQÍ`ü ã≤kúÇ¨xó „Ñ¨*ÏÜ«∞`Õ
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– QÆ∞~°∞¿ã= =∂„`«=Ú KÕ`«<Õ =∞O„`«ã≤kú HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞.
„uÑ¨Ù~°#∞ ^è•ºxOz# ÉèíH˜Î – =Ú‰õΩÎÅ∞ ÅaèOK«∞#∞.
HÍ=∂MÏº Ü≥∂xÑ¨Ó[ Ü«∞O^Œ∞ Éèˇ·~°q Z@∞¡ ãÖ`À+¨=Ú K≥O^Œ∞<À,
H“oh ^è•º#=Ú =Å# 'â◊H˜Î— ãÖ`«∞+¨μì~åÅQÆ∞#∞.
nHõΔ á⁄O^Œx^Õ H“àÏKå~°=Ú áê\ÕK«~å^Œ∞.
â’¡II UHõ=~å¬ Éèí"Õ`ü ãÖ^è•º kfi=~å¬ K« ã¨~°ã¨fif
„u=~å¬ K« „u^è•=¸iÎó K«`«∞~°fi~å¬ K« HÍoHÍ I
ã¨∞ÉèíQÍ ÑÖK«=~å¬K« +¨_»fi~å¬`«∞ L=∂Éèí"Õ`ü
ã¨Ñ¨Îaè~å‡eh K≥·= J+¨ì=~å¬ K« ‰õΩa˚HÍ I
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 95
#=aèó HÍÅãÖHõ~å¬ ^Œâ◊aèâßÛÑ¨~ål`å

UHÍ^Œâı`«∞ ~°∞„^•}© ^•fi^ŒâßÉËÌ`«∞ Éèˇ·~°"å I
„`«Ü≥∂^Œâı =∞Ç¨ÅH©Δ‡ó kfiã¨áêÎ Ñ‘~î°<å~ÚHÍ I
ˆHΔ„`«*Ï˝ ÑÖK«^Œâ◊aèó ëÈ_»âı K«iÛHÍ=∞`å
U=O„Hõ"Õ∞} ãÖÑ¨Ó*Ïº Ü«∂=`ü Ñ¨Ù+¨ÊO #*ÏÜ«∞`Õ I
„ÑüÑ¨^•k Ñ¨Ó~å‚O`«O =$kú ÉèË^Õ# Ñ¨Ó[ÜÕ∞`ü
=∞Ç¨#==∂ºO ^Õ"Õt ‰õΩ=∂sO K« „Ñ¨Ñ¨Ó[ÜÕ∞`ü I
„Ñ¨}"åó ÑÖK«qMÏº`åó ã¨~°fiáêÑ¨ Ç¨Ï~åó â◊√ÉèË
Éèˇ·~°g c[=∂MÏº`«O „¿Ñ`«c[O=∞<ÀÇ¨Ï~°"£∞ I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– XHõ ãÖ=`«û~°O =Ü«∞ã¨∞û QÆÅ ÉÏeHõ ãÖ^èŒº, 2 –
ãÖII ã¨~°ã¨fiu 3 ãÖII „u=¸iÎ, 4 ãÖII – HÍoHõ, 5 – ã¨∞ÉèíQÍ, 6 –
L=∞, 7 – =∂ex, 8 – ‰õΩa˚Hõ, 9 – HÍÅãÖHõ~°¬, 10 – JÑ¨~ål`«,
11 – ~°∞„^•}˜, 12 – Éèˇ·~°"å, 13 – =∞Ç¨ÅH˜Δ ‡, 14 – Ñ‘~î°<å~ÚHõ, 15
– ˆHΔ„`«*Ï˝ 16 – K«iÛHõ.
~°[ã¨fiÅ JQÆ∞ Ñ¨~º° O`«O ÉÏeHõÅ#∞ ÃÑ#· K≥ÑÊ≤ # ^Õ=`å ã¨fi~°∂ÑÖQÍ
ÉèÏqOz, PÜ«∂ ãÖII =Ü«∞ã¨∞ QÆÅ"åix Ñ¨ÓlOK« =ÅÜ«Ú#∞. áê_»ºq∞
#∞O_ç Ñ¨Ù#flq∞=~°‰õΩ g~°O^Œih Ñ¨ÓlOKåe.
=∞Ç¨#=q∞Ü«∞O^Œ∞ ‰õΩ=∂s Ñ¨Ó[ KÕÜ«∂e.''SO – „Ç‘ÏO NO –
Ç¨˙O FO—— ó J#∞#q ÑÖK« „Ñ¨}==ÚÅ#|_»∞#∞. Wq ã¨~fi° áêÑ¨=ÚÅ#∞
áÈQ˘@∞ì#∞.
‰õΩ=∂s Ñ¨Ó[#O
â’¡II SOHÍˆ~} [ÅO^ÕÜ«∞O „Ç‘ÏOHÍ~å`ü áê^Œâ’^èŒ#"£∞
NOHÍˆ~} =∞¿ÇÏâßx J~°…ºO^Œ^•º`ü =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fii I
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96 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
‰õÄ~°Ûc*Ë# ^Õ"Õt ^Œ^•º`ü K«O^Œ#=Ú`«Î=∞"£∞
â◊H˜Îc*Ë# Ñ¨ÙëêÊ}˜ ã¨Ô~Âfió ^èŒ∂áêOâ◊Û ^•Ñ¨ÜÕ∞`ü I
"åQÆƒù=OK« `«`À=∂Ü«∂O ã¨∞O^Œsu `«`«ó Ñ¨~°"£∞
VıO`«O Ñ¨tÛ=∞ =„HõÎO K« Ç¨Ï$^ŒO`Õ# #º¿ã`ü „Ñ≤ÜÕ∞ I
Ü≥∂xÜ«ÚHõÎó âßO`« =~À‚ aO^Œ∞ Ü«ÚHõÎó ã¨∞~åiÛ`Õ
‰õΩ=∂iˆH Ñ¨^ŒO„áÈK«º t~°¿ã =Ç≤Ïfl =Å¡ÉèÏ I
"Õ^•kOK«`«`À =∂=∞Ü«∂O ã¨ºc[O `«^Œ#O`«~°"£∞
tMÏÜ≥ÿ∞ =+¨_ç`«∞ºHõÎO Éèˇ·~°#„áê}=Ok`Õ I
„Ñ¨}=O HÍH˜hO K≥·= aO^Œ∞Ü«ÚHÍÎO ã¨<å`«h"£∞
"åwâ◊fis Ñ¨^ŒOKÀHÍÎfi Hõ=KåÜ«∞Ç¨ïg∞i`«"£∞
=∂~¸c[O ã¨=ÚKåÛ~°º J„™êÎÜ«∞ Ñ¶¨_çu„Hõ=∂`ü
"åQÆƒù=O K« ã≤kú Ñ¨^ŒO [Ü«∂Ü«∞ `«^Œ#O`«~°"£∞ I
Ñ¨Ó~°fi=„HÍÎÜ«∞^Õ"Õt Ç¨Ï$^ŒO`Õ# „Ñ¨Ñ¨Ó[ÜÕ∞`ü
Ñ¨Ù#~åfiQÆƒù= c[O VıÜ«Ú`«=Ú`«Î~°=„HõÎHõ"£∞ I
#"≥∂O`Õ# =∞Ç¨^Õq Ñ¨Ó[ÜÕ∞`ü ã¨∞~°ã¨∞O^Œs"£∞
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– SOHÍ~°=Ú`À PK«=∞#=Ú – „Ç‘ÏOHÍ~°=Ú`À áê^Œ
â’^èŒ# – NOHÍ~°=Ú`À J~°…º=Ú – Ç¨ïOHÍ~°=Ú`À K«O^Œ#O – „Ç‘ÏO
c[=Ú`À Ñ¨Ù+¨Ê=ÚÅ∞ – ^è∂Œ Ñ¨=Ú – ã¨=∞iÊOKåe. D „HÕk =∞O„`«=Ú
Å`À <åºã¨=Ú KÕÜ«∂e
''SO – „Ç‘ÏO – ã¨∞O^ŒÔ~Âº =O Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∂Ü«∞ #=∞ó „Ç‘ÏO SO
‰õΩ=∂i<Õ t~°¿ã ™êfiÇ¨—— FO – „Ç‘ÏO tMÏÜ≥ÿ∞ =+¨\ò
FO SO "åwâ◊fis Hõ=KåÜ«∞ Ç¨ïO
„Ç‘ÏO J„™êÎÜ«∞Ñ¶¨\ò – Jx <åºã¨=Ú KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 97
SO ã≤kú [Ü«∂Ü«∞ Ñ¨Ó~°fi=¢HÍÎÜ«∞ „Ç‘ÏO SO DO #=∞ó –

Jx Ñ¨ÓlOKåe.
D c[=ÚÅ`À<Õ Hõ~°<åºã¨=Ú ‰õÄ_® PK«iOKåe.
â’¡II „Ñ¨}=O K« =∞¿ÇÏâßx HÍeˆH Ñ¨^Œ=∞#O`«~°O
^ŒHõΔ=„HÍÎÜ«∞ `«`«ÊâßÛ`ü #"≥∂O`«O Éèˇ·~°=„Ñ≤ÜÕ∞ I
"åQÆƒù"Õ# Ñ¨Ù~°HΔÀÉèíO =∂Ü«∂c*Ë QÆ∞}Ï+¨ìHõ"£∞
Nc*Ë# „tÜ≥∂ ÖÏÉè’ „Ç‘ÏO c*Ë <åi ãÖHõΔÜ«∞ó I
Éèˇ·~°"Õ}`À c*Ë# Y_®æ<å=∞ Ñ¨~ål`«"£∞
JëÈì`«Î~° â◊`«O"åÑ≤ UHÍO Hõ<åºO „Ñ¨Ñ¨Ó[ÜÕ∞`ü I
‰õΩ=∂s Ü≥∂yh™êHΔÍ`ü ‰õΩ=∂s ã¨~°fi^Õ=`åó
.............. .................. ................... .................
ã¨~åfió ‰õΩ=∂iH˜HÍâ‹ÂÛ= Ñ¨Ó[ÜÕ∞`ü ÉèíH˜ÎÉèÏ=`«ó I
Wu `Õ Hõkä`«O ^Õq ‰õΩ=∂sÑ¨Ó[#„Hõ=∞"£∞
x„QÆÇ¨k „Ñ¨Ü≥∂QÆ ‰õΩ=∂s Ñ¨Ó*Ï„Hõ=∞ x~°∂Ñ¨}O
ã¨Ñ¨Î=∞ó Ñ¨@Åó
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– FO ^ŒH˜Δ} HÍoˆH #"≥∂ Éèˇ·~°= „Ñ≤ÜÕ∞ SO „Ç‘ÏO NO
D =∞O„`«=Ú`À ‰õΩ=∂s [Ñ¨=Ú KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞.
NO c[ [Ñ¨=Ú=Å# ãÖÑ¨^Œ HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. „Ç‘ÏO c[ [Ñ¨=Ú
=Å# â◊`«$[Ü«∞=Ú HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. Éèˇ·~°= Ñ¨^ŒO =Å# ã≤kú HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. ÉèíH˜Î
ÉèÏ==Ú`À ‰õΩ=∂s Ñ¨Ó[ KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
XHõ Hõ#º#∞ ‰õÄ~°∞ÛO_»Éˇ\ ˜ì ÑÖKÀÑ¨Kå~°=ÚÅ`À Ñ¨ÓlOz 108
™ê~°∞¡ Hõhã¨ [Ñ¨=Ú KÕÜ«∂e.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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98 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
J+¨ì=∞ó Ñ¨@Åó
N Éèˇ·~°= L"åK« –
â’¡II Ü«∞O„`«Oâ◊$}∞ =~å~À¿ÇÏ ÜÕ∞# ã≤^èŒºu xtÛ`«"£∞
`«`ÀeMË`ü Ü«∞O„`«~å[O ã¨=∞ã¨Î Ñ¨Ù~°∞ëê~°ú^Œ"£∞ I
Ü«∞ã¨º q*Ï˝#=∂„`Õ} ã¨^Œºó MËK«~°`åO „=*Ë`ü
P^Ò „uHÀ}O q#ºã¨º „uHÀ}O `«^ŒƒÇ≤Ï~°flº¿ã`ü I
|Ç≤Ï„ã≤ÎHÀ}=∂eYº +¨\ò HÀ}O`«^ŒƒÇ≤Ïó #º¿ã`ü
=∞^èÕº`«∞ Éˇ·O^Œ=O K«„HõO =∂Ü«∂ c[ qÉèí∂+≤`«"£∞ I
+¨\òHÀ}O `«^ŒƒÇ≤Ïó =$`«ÎO `«`«âßÛ+¨ì^Œà◊OeMË`ü
|Ç≤Ï~ü=$`ÕÎ# ãÖÜ«ÚHõÎO Éèí∂Ñ¨Ùˆ~}ˇÿ= ãÖ=$`«"£∞ I
U`«`«∞Î qeMË`ü `å„"Õ∞ ‰õΩO_»QÀÅqÖËÑ≤`Õ
ã¨fiÜ«∞OÉèí∂‰õΩã¨∞"≥∞ÿ~°∞ºˆHÎ ‰õΩO‰õΩ=∂ QÆ∞~°∞ãÖÜ«Ú`Õ I
â◊√^•úã¨<Õ K« Ñ¨â◊√aè~°^Œ$¿+ì Ñ¨Ù~°`À#º¿ã`ü
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– ‰õΩ=∂s Ü«∞O„`« ÖËY#=Ú K≥Ñ¨Ê|_»∞K«∞#flk. Wk
™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ edOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
=ÚO^Œ∞QÍ „uHÀ}=Ú edOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. nx W=`«Å =∞~˘Hõ
„uHÀ}=Ú edOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. ^•x|Ü«∞@ +¨\’¯}=Ú edOK«
=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. `«~°∞"å`« =$`«Î=Ú – Ñ≤=∞‡@ J+¨ì^Œà◊=Ú – |Ç≤Ï~ü=$`«Î=Ú
– Éèí∂Ñ¨Ù~°=Ú edOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
‰õΩO_»QÀÅ=Ú`À ÖËÑ#¨ =Ú KÕã#≤ ~åyˆ~‰õΩÃÑ· D Ü«∞O„`«=Ú edOK«
=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. ã¨fiÜ«∞OÉèí∂‰õΩã¨∞=∞=Ú`À ‰õΩO‰õΩ=∞ – JQÆ∞~°∞Å`À ^•xH˜
ÖËÑ¨#=Ú KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 99
â◊√^•úã¨#=Ú#O^Œ∞ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx – UHÍO`«=Ú#O^Œ∞ J~°Û#

KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
â’¡II ‰õΩO_»QÀÖ’^Œƒù=O „^Œ=ºO ã¨fiÜ«∞OÉèí∂‰õΩã¨∞=∞O `«^è•
<å^èŒ~À‡*ÏÜ«∞`Õ ã¨∞„Éèí∞ =∞Ç¨=∞O„`«ã¨º ™ê^èŒ<Õ I
`«`À Ñ‘~î°„Hõ"Õ∞}ˇÿ= Ü«∞O„`«Ñ¨Ó*ÏO ã¨=∂K«ˆ~`ü
`«`À Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞ Ñ¨^•‡O`«ó ã¨∞Êù~°OfO Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fi~°"£∞ I
ã¨∞+¨μ=∂fl=~°Î‡<å h`åº t~°ó™ê÷#O =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fii
HÍmO HõáêehO ‰õΩÖÏ¡O ‰õΩ~°∞‰õΩÖÏ¡O q~Àkèh"£∞ I
q„Ñ¨z`åÎO Ñ¨Ó[ÜÕ∞K«Û |Ç≤Ïó+¨\ò HÀ}ˆH `«^è•
L„^•=Ú„QÆ„Ñ¨ÉèÏO náêÎO `«#‡^èÕº K« „uHÀ}ˆH I
=∂„`åO =Ú„^•O q∞`åO K≥·= Ñ¨Ó[ÜÕ∞^Œ Ñ¨~°„uˆH
ã¨~åfióâßº=∂ Jã≤Hõ~å =ÚO_»=∂ÖÏ qÉèí∂+≤`åó I
`«~°˚hO "å=∞Ç¨Ï¿ãÎ ^è•~°Ü«∞O`Àº kQÆO|~åó
^Õ=`å ^ŒH˜Δ}ËÉèÏˆQ =∞Ç¨HÍÅO ã¨=∞~°ÛÜÕ∞`ü I
ÉèÏ"å~°Oú :– ‰õΩO_»QÀÖ’^Œƒ=ù „^Œ=ºO–ã¨fiÜ«∞OÉè∂í ‰õΩã¨∞=∞O – Wq
D =∞Ç¨=∞O„`« ™ê^èŒ#Ö’ Ju=ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#q. WO^Œ∞ J^èŒ~°‡ "Õ∞g∞ ÖË^Œ∞.
Ñ≤=∞‡@ Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞ Ñ¨^Œ‡=Ú#∞O_ç – t~ÀÑ¨^Œ‡=Ú =~°‰õΩ ã¨∞+¨μ=∂fl
=∂~°æ=Ú# â◊H˜Îx K«eOÑ¨ KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. Wk Ü≥∂QÆ=∂~°æ q^è•#=Ú.
Ü≥∂QÆ=∂~°æ=Ú `≥eÜ«∞x^Õ H“àÏKå~°=Ú ã≤kúOÑ¨^Œ∞. Ñ≤=∞‡@ –
HÍm – Hõáêeh – ‰õΩÖÏ¡ – ‰õΩ~°∞‰õΩÖÏ¡ – q~Àkèh – q„Ñ¨z`åÎÅ#∞ P~°∞
HÀ}=ÚÅO^Œ∞, =∞^èŒº„uHÀ}=∞O^Œ∞ L„QÍ L„QÆ„Ñ¨ÉèÏ – náêÎ, Ö’Ñë
„uHÀ}=Ú#O^Œ∞ =∂„`å – =Ú„^• – q∞`å, Å#∞ Ñ¨ÓlOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
g~°O`å #Å¡x~°∂Ñ¨=Ú`À Y_»æ=ÚÅ∞ ^èŒiOz – =ÚO_»=∂ÅÅ∞ ^èŒiOz
#@∞¡QÍ ÉèÏqOKåe.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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100 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
^Õ=`«‰õΩ ^ŒH˜Δ} ÉèÏQÆ=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ç¨HÍà◊√x JiÛOKåe.
â’¡II `«`«ó ã¨∞Î`åfi #=∞ã¨¯$`«º ‰õΩ~åº`ü ã¨"Õ∞‡à◊#O kèÜ«∂
^Õ=`å„ˆQ `«∞ ãÖÉè’QÆO ^Õ=`å „Ñ‘uHÍ~°Hõ"£∞ I
W^•hO â◊$}∞ ^Õ"Õt LÑ¨Kå~å<£ qâı+¨`«ó
„Ñ¨^èŒ=∞O`«∞ ã¨∞~åÑ¨Ó*Ïº =∂nèfi Q“_® `«^è≥·=K« I
ÃÑ·+‘ì `«™êº JÉèÏ"Õ# Ju^ÕtHõ =∂K«ˆ~`ü
<åiˆHà’^ŒHõO HÍO¿ãº `å„=∞ áê„`Õ ã≤÷`«O=∞^èŒ∞ I
QÆ=ºO K« `å„=∞áê„`«ã¨÷O =∞^Œº`«∞ÅºO Ñ¶¨∞$`«O q<å
`åO|∂ÅO K« ã¨Hõ~°∂Ê~°O <åiˆHà◊O ã¨∞â◊~°¯~°O I
áêÜ«∞ãÖ ã¨Ñ¶¨∞$`«O K≥·= P¢~°ÌHõO ã¨QÆ∞_»O `«^è•
`«O_»∞ÅO ãüÅO K≥·= `åà◊O Y~°∂˚~°"Õ∞=K« I
Hõ^ŒmOuOu _ôO K≥·= NÑ¶¨ÅO Ñ¶¨Å=Ú`«Î=∞"£∞
J<åºx K« ã¨∞QÆOnèx ™êfi^Œ∂xK« Ñ¶¨ÖÏx K« I
................................. ................................
U`ÕëêO K≥·= ~°HÍÎx ^ÕÜ«∂x Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fii I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– J#O`«~°=Ú ã¨∞ÎuOz, =∞#ã¨∞Ö’<Õ ã¨"Õ∞‡à◊#O
ÉèÏqOKåe. WÑ¨Ù_»∞ qâıëÈÑ¨Kå~°=ÚÅ∞ K≥Ñ¨Ê|_»∞ K«∞#flq. =ÚO^Œ∞
=∞^Œº=Ú#∞ Ñ¨ÓlOKåe Jk ÖËx<å_»∞ HõOK«∞ áê„`«Ö’ H˘|ƒih~°∞
~åyáê„`«Ö’ `Õ<≥, P=ÙáêÅ∞ „QÆÇ≤ÏOK«=K«∞Û#∞.
Hõ~°∂Ê~°O "Õã≤# `åO|∂ÅO – ÑÖK«^•~° HõeÑ≤# H˘|ƒiHÀ~°∞ –
<Õ~Ú "Õã≤# áêÜ«∞ãÖ, JÅ¡O HõeÑ≤# ÉˇÅ¡Ñ¨Ùáê#HõO – #∞=ÙfiÅ∞ HõeÑ≤#
aÜ«∞ºO – `å\˜ÑÖ_»∞ – Y~°∂˚~°O – J~°\ ˜ÑÖ_»∞ – =∂ˆ~_»∞ÑÖ_»∞,
L`«Î=∞"≥∞ÿ#q.
W=hfl <≥·"Õ^•ºxH˜ J#∞"≥·# Ñ¨^•~°÷=ÚÅ∞.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 101
Jx~°∞^Œú ã¨~°ã¨fif
Ñ¨Ó~°fi=Ú '^•~°∞=#=Ú—#O^Œ∞ =Ú#∞Å∞ ~åQÆ"∂≥ Ç≤Ï`«∞Öˇ· =∞^Œºáê#
=∞`«∞ÎÖˇ· Ñ¨~°„ã‘ÎÅ#∞ "ÕkèOK«∞K«∞O_»QÍ – q+¨μ‚=Ù gi `«~°∞}ÀáêÜ«∞=Ú
H˘~°‰õΩ t=Ùx „áêi÷OK≥#∞.
U =ºã¨#=ÚÅKÕ =∂#=ÙÅ∞ „Éèí+¨μªÅQÆ∞^Œ∞~À "å\˜KÕ`«<Õ "≥∂HõΔ
=∂~°æ=Ú#∂ á⁄O^ŒQÆÅ∞QÆ∞ LáêÜ«∞=Ú HõÅ^Œ∞. JkÜÕ∞ H“àÏKå~°
q^è•#=ÚÖ’ HÍoHÍ~°Û#.
D HÍoHÍ^ÕqÜÕ∞ 'Jx~°∞^Œú ã¨~°ã¨fif—Ü«∞x, q^•º~ål˝Ü«∞x
K≥Ñ¨Ê|_»∞K«∞#flk.
Ñ¨Ó~°fi=Ú HÍmQÍÜ«∞„u =∞O„`«[Ñ¨ „Ñ¨ÉèÏ==Ú=Å# ^Õ=`«Å∞,
^•#= ÉÏ^èŒ#∞O_ç q=Ú‰õΩÎÖˇ·<å~°∞. Ñ¨~°â◊√~å=Ú_»∞ =∂`«$ Ç¨Ï`åº^À+¨
=Ú#∞ áÈQ˘@∞ìH˘x<å_»∞. J„uÑ¨Ù„`«∞_≥·# ^Œ`åÎ„`ÕÜ«Ú_»∞ =∞^Œºáê#
^À+¨=Ú#∞ – WO„^Œ∞_»∞ =ºaèKå~° ^À+¨=Ú#∞ áÈQ˘@∞ìH˘xi.
=t+¨μª_»∞ K«O_®Å„ã‘Î q"åÇ¨Ï^À+¨=Ú#∞, K«O„^Œ∞_»∞ QÆ∞~°∞ÉèÏ~åº
ãÖQÆ=∞^À+¨=Ú#∞, áÈQ˘@∞ìH˘xi, ~å=∞K«O„^Œ∞_»∞ „|Ç¨Ï‡Ç¨Ï`åº ^À+¨=Ú
#∞O_ç q=Ú‰õΩÎ_»Ü≥∞º#∞. J\˜ì =∞Ç¨„Ñ¨ÉèÏ==Ú QÆÅ HÍmQÍÜ«∞„f.
=∞O„`«q∞^Õ.
HÍoHÍÜ≥ÿ∞ K« q^Œ‡¿ÇÏ
â◊‡âß# "åã≤<≥Âº nè=∞Ç≤Ï
`«<Àfl Ñ¶¨∞’s „Ñ¨KÀ^ŒÜ«∂`ü I
D =∞O„`« =∞Ç≤Ï=∞ J^Œ∞ƒù`«"≥∞ÿ#k. D =∞O„`« [Ñ¨=Ú =Å#
=∂#=ÙÅ∞ ã¨HõÅ HÍ=∞º=ÚÅ#∞ á⁄O^ŒQÆÅ~°∞.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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102 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
H“àÏKå~°=ÚÖ’ J+¨ìq^èŒ=ÚÖˇ·# ‰õΩÅHÍO`«Å∞ K≥Ñ¨Ê|_çi.
''#\© HÍáêeh "Õâßº~°[H© „ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}© â◊√ÉèÏ I
â◊¥„^ŒHõ<åº qâ◊ó„ã‘Î K« HõΔ„uÜ«∂ ã¨~°fi^•~Úh I
`«Ñ¨ÊxãïQÍ, K«„HÍ~°Û#Ü«∞O^Œ∞ áêÖÁæ#∞ „ã‘Î nHõΔ á⁄Ok Ü«ÚO_»
=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. ™ê^è‰Œ Ωõ _»∞ =∂„`«"∞Õ nH˜`Δ ∞« _≥· Ü«ÚO_ç Z=~À XHõ ‰õΩÅHÍO`«`À
K«„HÍ~°Û# KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞.
Hõ#∞Hõ<Õ H“àÏKå~°=ÚÖ’ ÉèÏ~åºÉè~í eÎ° ~°∞=ÙiH© nHõΔ W=fi|_»∞`«∞Ok.
(L`«Î~° ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊=Ú#O^Œ∞ H“àÏKå~°=Ú <Õ\ ˜H˜h qâı+¨ "åºÑ≤ÎÖ’
QÆ∞Ñ¨Î=ÚQÍ Ü«Ú#flk)
P~°OÉèí=Ú#O^Œ∞ – ''^èŒ~å‡^èŒ~°‡ Ç¨ÏqsÌ¿ÑÎ P`å‡Q“fl =∞#™ê„ã¨∞KåI
ã¨∞+¨μ=∂fl =~°Î‡ <å x`«ºO JHõΔ=$fÎ~°∞˚Ç¨ÏŸ=∞ºÇ¨ÏO ™êfiÇ¨ I Jx
=∞O„`«=Ú`À LÑ¨„Hõq∞OKåe.
z=iÖ’ â◊√„Hõ`åºQÆ=Ú KÕÜ«Ú#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ L#‡h ÉèÏ==Ú`À
^èŒ~å‡^èŒ~°‡ Ñ¶¨Å¿ãflÇ¨ÏÑ¨Ó~å‚O =Ç¨Ï∫fl AÇ¨ÏŸ=∞ºÇ¨ÏO ™êfiÇ¨ I Jx
=∞O„`«O ÑïîOKåe.
J<ÕHõ [#‡Å `«Ñ¨ó Ñ¶¨Å=Ú =Å#<Õ D Jx~°∞^Œú ã¨~°ã¨fiu J#|_Õ,
Ñ¶¨∞’~°HÍm, q^•º~år˝ =∞O„`«=Ú „áêÑ≤ÎOK«∞#∞. D =∞O„`«=Ú`À ã¨=∂#
"≥∞ÿ# =∞O„`«=Ú ÖË^Œ∞.
HÍ=∞~°∂Ñ¨=Ú – Ñ¨Ó~°y‚ i – H˘OHõ@O – L_ôÜ Ì ∂« #=Ú – "å~å}ã≤
– Hõ~°`ÀÜ«∂#k – „Ñ¨Ü«∂QÆ – ã¨÷Å=ÚÅO^Œ∞ =∞O„`«Ñ¨~î°# – [Ñ¨=ÚÅ
=Å# j„Ñ¶∞¨ ã≤kú HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. â◊‡âß#=Ú#O^Œ∞ KÕÜÚ« [Ñ¨ – Ñ¨Ó*ÏkHõ=ÚÅ∞
Ñ‘~î°™ê÷#=ÚÅHõO>Ë JkèHõ Ñ¶¨Å"≥Úã¨QÆ∞#∞.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 103
â’¡II â◊‡âß<Õ K« ã¨^•Ñ¨Ó*Ïº Ñ‘~îå^ŒÑ¨ºkèHÍ =∞`å

`åi}Ïºã¨∞Î â◊‡âß<å`«∞Î <å#º`ü ™ê÷#O „Ñ¨â◊ã¨º`Õ I
`å~å™ê^èŒ#‰õΩ â◊‡âß#=ÚHõO>Ë Q˘Ñ¨Ê ã¨÷Å=ÚÖË^Œ∞. =ÚO^Œ∞
K≥Ñ¨Ê|_ç# HÍmQÍÜ«∞„u =∞O„`«=Ú#‰õΩ
NHõ$+¨‚ |∞∞+≤ó
QÍÜ«∞„f Kè«O^Œó
t=â◊H˜Î ã¨fi~°∂áê ^Õ=`å
D =∞O„`« [Ñ¨=Ú#‰õΩ kH± – HÍÅ xÜ«∞=∞=ÚÖË^Œ∞. D =∞Ç¨
=∞O„`«™ê^èŒ#Ü«∞O^Œ∞ ¿ãfiKåÛùxÜ«∞=∞=Ú. ~å„uÜ«∞O^Œ∞ kQÆO|~°=ÚQÍ
[Ñ¨=Ú KÕã≤#KÀ qâı+¨ Ñ¶¨Å„Ñ¨^Œ=Ú.
'xâßÜ«∂O Ñ¨Ó[ÜÕ∞^ÕÌgO [¿ÑK«Û „Ñ¨Ü«∞`À #~°ó I
– â◊‡âß# HÍoHõ –
=∞O„`«O – „Ç‘ÏO „Ç‘ÏO Ç¨˙ Ç¨˙O „H©O „H©O „H©O ^ŒH˜Δ}Ë HÍoˆH „H©O
„H©O „H©OÇ¨ïO Ç¨ïO „Ç‘ÏO „Ç‘ÏO ™êfiÇ¨ I
D =∞O„`À^•ú~° â’¡Hõ=Ú
â’¡II =∂Ü«∂^ŒfiO^ŒfiO ‰õÄ~°ÛÜ«ÚQÆ‡O x[c[„`«Ü«∞O`«^è•
^ŒH˜Δ}Ë HÍoˆH KÕu ãÖÇ¨~°„Hõ=∞`«ó â◊√ÉèË I
Ñ¨Ó~°fic*Ïx KÀ^Œú$`«º ™êfiÇ¨O`ÀÜ«∞O =∞#∞óã¨‡$`«ó
q^•º~år˝u qMÏº`å =∞O„`«â◊Û HõÅÊ áê^ŒÑ¨ó I
J™ê‡`ü Ñ¨~°`«~°O <åã≤Î HÍm=∞O„`«O =∞<À~°=∞"£∞
=∞O„`«ã¨º*Ï˝# =∂„`Õ} r=#∞‡HõÎâ◊Û ™ê^èŒHõó I
D =∞O„`«=Ú ÑïîOK«∞K«∞ Z„~°x Ñ¨ÓÅ`À HÍoHõ#∞ JiÛOKåe.
`≥Å¡áêi*Ï`« Ñ¨Ù+¨Ê=ÚÅ`À â◊‡âß#=Ú#O^Œ∞ Ñ¨k"ÕÅ∞ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=Ú KÕã≤#
qâ’fiKåÛ@# ã¨=∞~°∞ú_»QÆ∞#∞.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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104 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
#Å¡xÑ¨ÓÅ`À JiÛOz – Ç¨ÏŸq∞Oz# =∂~°} ã¨=∞~°∞ú_»QÆ∞#∞.
=∞O„`« QÀÑ¨#=Ú =Å# â◊H˜Î =$kú Ü«∞QÆ∞#∞.
â’¡II W_®Ñ≤OQÆà◊Ü≥∂~°‡^èÕº =~å‚â◊Û *’ºu~°∂Ñ≤}ó
*’ºf~°∂áê}˜ K«„HÍ}˜ *’ºf~°∂áêK« ‰õΩO_»b I
K«O„^Œ`«ó ã¨∂~°ºÑ¨~°ºO`«O K«„HÍ}º„`« K«`«∞~°Ìâ◊
J„`åã≤Î ‰õΩO_»b â◊H˜Î sƒ[~°∂áê x~åHõ$uó I
Ñ¨ˆ~-Ü«∞O ‰õΩO_»bâ◊H˜Îâ◊ÛO„^Œ=∞O_»Å=iÎh
W=∞OÉèË^ŒO =∞¿ÇÏâßx Ü≥∂*Ïxu ãÖÜ≥∂QÆq`ü I
^Œà◊OHÀâ◊O `«^è•=~°‚O `«^è≥·= K«„Hõ ^Õ=`åó
`«^è≥·= Ñ¨Ó~°fi=`ü *Ë˝Ü«∞O ã¨~°fiK«„ˆH+¨fiÜ«∞Oqkèó I
K«O„^Œ`À „|Ç¨Ï‡~°O„^è•O`«O K«„HÍ}º„`« K«`«∞~°Ìâ◊
Ñ¨~åÑ¨ˆ~u q*Ë˝Ü«∂ ‰õΩO_»b r=ãÖl˝HÍ I
ã¨∂~°º`À „|Ç¨Ï‡~°O„^è•O`«O K«„HÍ}º„`« K«`«∞~°Ìâ◊
Ñ¨~°"Õ∞¿+ª ã¨=∂MÏº`å ã¨∂~°º=∞O_»Å=iÎh I
#~åHÍ~° ã¨fi~°∂¿ÑÜ«∞O Ñ¨~°*’ºuó ã¨fi~°∂Ñ≤}©
QÀà◊HÍO`«~°æ`å ^Õg *’ºuaO^Œ∞ ã¨=∂„t`å I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– W_®–Ñ≤OQÆà◊√Å=∞^èŒº JHõΔ~°=ÚÅ∞ "≥Å∞Q˘O^Œ∞
K«∞O_»∞#∞. ‰õΩO_»ex `Õ[~°∂Ñ≤}˜. K«O„^Œ∞x #∞O_ç ã¨∂~°∞ºx =~°‰õΩ
"≥Ú`«ÎO 14 K«„Hõ=ÚÅ∞. WO^Œ∞ c[~°∂Ñ¨=ÚQÍ ‰õΩO_»ehâ◊H˜Î Ü«Ú#flk.
K«„Hõ=ÚÅ ^Œà=◊ ÚÅ∞ – Hˆ â◊=ÚÅ∞ – =~°=‚ ÚÅ∞ – ^Õ=`«Å∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞
H˘#=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. ‰õΩO_»ex, Ñ¨~åÑ¨~°Ü«∞x, r==∞x ‰õÄ_® K≥Ñ¨Ê
|_»∞K«∞#flk.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 105
ã¨∂~°∞ºx #∞O_ç „|Ç¨Ï‡~°O„^èŒ Ñ¨~º° O`«O "≥Ú`«OÎ 14 K«„Hõ=ÚÅ∞#flq.

ã¨∂~°º =∞O_»Å=∞O^Œ∞#fl â◊HÎ˜ ''Ñ¨~"° ∞Õ +‘—ª — J#|_»∞#∞. =∞#∞ëêºHÍ~°=ÚÖ’
Wk LO_»∞#∞. D QÀà◊=∞O^Œ∞ "≥Å∞QÆ∞ aO^Œ∞ ~°∂Ñ¨=ÚQÍ #∞O_»∞#∞.
â’¡II J„`åã≤Î QÀà◊HõO K«„HõO QÀÖ’Hõ W=^Œ$â◊º`Õ
WÜ«∞O<å~åÜ«∞}© HÍm `å~åÅ∂#º x"åã≤h I
ã¨∞O^Œs ~°HõÎHÍm K« =∞Ç≤Ï+¨=∞iÌh `«^è•
=∞#™ê HõeÊ`å=¸iÎ¿ãÎ*’~°∂áê-Ñ¨~åK«™ê I
Ñ¨~°=∂`≥Â‡= ~å"≥∂-Ü«∞O =∞Ç¨q+¨μ‚~°‡Ç¨t=ó
x~°O[# ã¨fi~°∂áÈÜ«∞O Hõ$+¨‚~°∂áê K« `åi}© I
P`«‡„Ñ¨HÍth x`åº x`åº#O^Œã¨fi~°∂Ñ≤}©
Ñ¨Ó~åfi=∂flÜ«∞ q^è•<Õ# j„Ñ¶¨∞HÍ=∞Ñ¶¨Å„Ñ¨^• I
„ÉèíëêìKå~°O „Ñ¨=∂^•^•fi PÅ™êº^•fiÑ≤ ã¨∞O^Œi
Ç‘Ï#g~°º=∞"åáÈflu =∞O„`åkâ◊Û =~å#<Õ I
W`åºk^À+¨ <åâß~°÷O q^è•#O â◊$}∞ ™êO„Ñ¨`«"£∞
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– D QÀà◊Hõ=Ú, QÀÖ’Hõ=Ú=Öˇ Hõ#|_»∞#∞. nx<Õ HÍm
– <å~åÜ«∞}© – `å~° JO^Œ∞~°∞. ~°HõÎHÍo – =∞Ç≤Ï+¨=∞iÌh Jx ‰õÄ_®
JO\Ï~°∞.
x~°O[#"≥∞ÿ# D ~°∂Ñ¨=Ú ~å=Ú_»x – q+¨μ‚=x – t=Ù_»x
HõeÊOK«|_ç#k. Wk x`«º"≥∞ÿ# ã¨fi~°∂Ñ¨=Ú. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩÅ P^è•~°=Ú
xq∞`«Î=Ú D â◊H˜ÎH˜ ~°∂Ñ¨ HõÅÊ# KÕÜ«∞|_ç#k.
Ñ¨Ó~åfi=∂flÜ«∞ q^è•#=ÚÖ’ Wk ã≤kúOK«∞#∞. „ÉèíëêìKå~°=Ú –
|^ŒÌHõ=Ú – PÅã¨º=Ú – D ^À+¨=ÚÅ∞, ™ê^èŒ‰õΩxH˜ Ñ¨xH˜~å=Ù.
J„Ñ¨=∞`«∞Î_≥· "≥∞ÅQÆ=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. =∞O„`«=ÚÅ∞ `«fii`«=ÚQÍ ã≤kúOK«=Öˇ
##fl "å\˜H˜ H˘xfl ãÖ™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞.
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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106 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
10. =∞O„`« ãÖ™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞

â’¡II „Ñ¨^èŒ=∞O [##O <å=∞ r=#O`«∞ kfifÜ«∞Hõ"£∞
`«$fÜ«∞O `å_»#O ^Õq K«`«∞~°÷O É’^èŒ#O`«^è• I
ÑÖK«=∞O `«fiaè¿+Hõã¨∞Î q=∞bHõ~°}O `«^è•
PáêºÜ«∞#O ã¨Ñ¨Î=∞O`«∞ J+¨ì=∞O `«~°Ê}O ã¨‡$`«"£∞ I
#==∞O nÑ¨#O „áÈHõÎO ^Œâ◊=∞O QÀÑ¨#O =∞`«"£∞
=∞O„`å}ÏO =∂`«$HÍÜ«∂Ü«∞O„`å^Œ∞^•ú~À[##O ã¨‡$`«"£∞ I
„Ñ¨}"åO`«i `å<£ Hõ$`åfi =∞O„`«=~å‚<£ [¿Ñ`ü ã¨∞nèó
ã¨fi~° =ºO[# ÉèË^Õ# r=#O `«^Œ∞^•Ç¨Ï$`«"£∞ I
=∞O„`«=~å‚<£ ã¨=∂eYº `å_»ÜÕ∞K«ÛO^Œ<åOÉèí™ê
„Ñ¨`ÕºHõO "åÜ«Úc*Ë# `å_»#O <å=∞`«`ü â◊$}∞ I
=∞O„`«OqeYºqkè=`ü „Ñ¨ã¨∂<≥·ó Hõ~°g~°*ˇ·ó
`«<å‡O„`åHõΔ~° ãÖMÏº`≥·ó Ç¨Ï<åº`üˆ~¿Ñ¶} É’^èŒ#"£∞ I
ã¨fi`«O„`ÀH˜Î q^•<Õ# `«^• =∞O„`å~°‚ ãÖYºÜ«∂
Jâ◊fi`«÷ Ñ¨Å¡"≥·~°‡O„`« =∞aè+≤OKÕ`ü qâ◊√^ŒúÜÕ∞ I
ãÖzO`«º=∞#™ê =∞O„`«O *’ºu~°‡O„`Õ} x~°Ì¿ÇÏ`ü
=ÙO„`Õ=∞Å„`«Ü«∞O^Õq q=∞bHõ~°}Ï`«‡Hõ"£∞ I
`å~°O"Àº=∂yfl=∞#∞Ü«ÚH± ^ŒO_ô*’ºu~°‡#∞~°‡`«ó
‰õΩâ’^ŒˆH# [¿ÑÎ# „Ñ¨`«º~°‚O „áÈHõΔÜÕ∞^£ =∞<Àó I
`Õ# =∞O„`Õ} qkè=^Õ`«^•áêºÜ«∞#O =∞`«"£∞
=∞#∞<å "åi}Ï áê„`Õ `«~°Ê}O `«~°Ê}OÉèí"Õ`ü I
`å~å=∂Ü«∂~°=∂ Ü≥∂QÍ`ü =∞<ÀsÌÑ¨#=ÚK«º`Õ
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„|Ç¨Ï‡N "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ù ãÖÑ¨`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 107
[Ñ¨º=∂#ã¨º =∞O„`«ã¨º QÀÑ¨#O Kå„Ñ¨HÍâ◊#"£∞ I

U`ÕK« ^Œâ◊ ãÖ™ê¯~åó ã¨~°fi`«O„`Õ+¨μ QÀÑ≤`åó
U`å<£ Hõ$`åfi [¿Ñ^£ =∞O„`«O ã¨^• Ñ¨~°Ç≤Ï`«O„Ñ≤ÜÕ∞ II
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– =∞O„`« ãÖ™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞ Ñ¨k HõÅ=Ù. 1. =∞O„`«=Ú#∞
Ü«∞O„`«=Ú#∞ â’¡Hõ=Ú#∞O_ç „QÆÇ≤ÏOK«∞@ [##=∞#|_»∞#∞. 2. „Ñ¨f
JHõΔ~°=Ú#‰õΩ =∞^èŒº 'FO—HÍ~°=Ú#∞ KÕiÛ [Ñ≤OK«∞@ r=#=∞#|_»∞#∞.
3. =∞O„`åHõΔ~°=ÚÅ#∞ Éèí∂~°˚Ñ¨„`«=ÚÃÑ· „"åã≤ QÆO^èŒ=Ú HõeÑ≤# h\˜`À
H˘@∞ì@ `å_»#=∞#|_»∞#∞.
4. =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ „"åã≤ QÆ<Õfl~°∞ Ñ¨ÓÅ`À „Ñ¨f JHõΔ~°=Ú#‰õΩ 'ˆ~Ñ¶¨—
KÕiÛ H˘@∞ì@ É’^èŒ# =∞#|_»∞#∞. 5. ~åq zQÆ∞~°∞Å`À =∞O„`«=Ú#∞
Jaè¿+HÕK«∞@ qâ◊√^Œú=∞#|_»∞#∞.
6. FO – Ç¨ÏO – ~°O Jx *’ºu~°‡O„`«=Ú#∞ =∞#ã¨∞Ö’ ÉèÏqOz,
P =∞O„`«=Ú QÆÅ Éèí∂~°˚Ñ¨„`«=Ú#∞ =∞#ã¨∞Ö’ ^ŒÇ≤ÏOK«=Öˇ#∞. nxx
q=∞bHõ~°} =∞O^Œ∞~°∞.
7. ‰õ Ω â’^Œ H õ = Ú`À =∞O„`« = ÚÖ’x „Ñ¨ f JHõ Δ ~ ° = Ú#∂,
ãÖ„áÈH˜ΔOK«∞@ PáêºÜ«∞# =∞#|_»∞#∞.
8. =∞O„`«=Ú`À ~åyáê„`«Ü«∞O^Œ∞ `«~°Ê}=Ú KÕÜ«Ú@#∞ `«~°Ê}
=∞O\Ï~°∞. 9. =∞O„`«=Ú#‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ "≥#∞Hõ 'FO – „Ç‘ÏO – NO——
KÕiÛ [Ñ≤OK«∞@#∞ nÑ¨#=∞O\Ï~°∞.
10. `å#∞ [Ñ≤OK«∞ =∞O„`«=Ú#∞ ÃÑ·H˜ Z=iH© `≥Å∞Ñ¨‰õΩO_®
~°ÇÏ¨ ã¨º=ÚQÍ [Ñ≤OK«∞@#∞ ''QÀÑ¨#O—— JO\Ï~°∞. D Ñ¨k ãÖ™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞
KÕÜ«Ú@ =Å# =∞O„`«=Ú K≥·`«#º=O`«=∞QÆ∞#∞. ™ê^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞ `«fii`«=ÚQÍ
ã≤kúx á⁄O^Œ∞#∞.
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^•fi~°=Ú =^ŒÌ#∞#fl QÆ}Ëâ◊√xk. W`«_»∞ ã≤^ŒúQÆ}Ëâ◊√_»∞. W`«x ~°∂Ñ¨=Ú
=¸_»∞ <Õ„`«=ÚÅ∞, <åÅ∞QÆ∞ KÕ`∞« Å∞–ÅOÉ’^Œ~O° – <åQÆ[O^èºŒ O – â◊¥~°Ê
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=HõΔ=Ú – Éèí∞[=Ú – =∞_»=∞ – KÕ`«∞Å∞ ÉÏQÍ |eã≤ Ü«ÚO_»∞#∞.
J@∞ W@∞ <≥=∞e – ÖË_ç Ü«ÚO_»QÍ =∞^èŒºÖ’ =¸+≤Hõ=Ú #kè~ÀÇ≤ÏOz
Ü«ÚO_»∞#∞.
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kfiÉèí∞*’ Ñ‘#=^Œ<À ~°HõÎ<Õ„`À ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~°ó I
Kè«∞iHÍ ^ŒH˜Δ}© áê}∫ "å"Õ∞ ~°∞kè~° áê„`«Hõ"£∞
^ŒO„ëêì Hõ~åà◊=^Œ#ó Hõ$â’^èŒ=∞x ãÖ`«`«ó I
[\ÏOn~å…O =¸iúfl a„Éèí`ü Ñ¶¨∞’~°~å=Ü«Ú`«ó Ñ¨~°ó
Ü«∞ó Ñ¨Ó[ÜÕ∞`ü `«ã¨ºÑ¨Ù# ~°∂ƒù`åkÉè’º ÉèíÜ«∞O#Ç≤Ï I
<åaè=∞O_»Å Ñ¨Ó~°fi™êºO Éèíã¨‡‰õÄ@ã¨º ^ŒH˜Δ}"£∞
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Ñ¨Ó~°fi™êºO HõÑ¨\’ <å=∞ Ñ¨~°fi`À Ü«∞ó ã¨fi~°∂Ñ¨^èŒ$H± I
`«„`«Ü«∂=∂º tÖÏHõ$ëê‚ hÖÏO[# ã¨=∞„Ñ¨ÉèÏ
ÉèíÜ«∂ÉèíÜ«∞ „Ñ¨^ŒO x`«ºO #$}ÏO =∞Ç≤Ï+¨ "åÇ¨Ï#"£∞ I
Ñ¨Ó[ÜÕ∞`ü Ñ¨~°Ü«∂ ÉèíHÍÎº Ü«∞=∞c*Ë# ã¨∞O^Œi
Hõáê\ÏMÏºK«Å=ˆ~ <åÑ¨=∞$`«∞ºO ã¨=∂Ñ¨ÙflÜ«∂`ü I
W^•hO Hõ^äŒ~Úëêºq∞ Hõ[˚ÖÏK«Å=Ú`«Î=∞"£∞
Ü«∞„`«ÔQ·s =∞Ç¨^Œ∞~åæ t"Õ# ã¨Ç≤Ï`å ã¨f I
ã¨ˆ~fi q^•º^èŒ~å^•ºã¨∞Î ãÖ`«º„`« ^Õ=Ü≥∂#Ü«∞ó
`«OÑ¨~°fi`«O k=º~°∂ÑÖ ã¨g∞HõΔº K« [¿Ñ^£ ^Œâ◊ I
HÍoHÍxÅÜ«∂`ü Ñ¨Ó~°fi^ŒH˜Δ}™êºO `«^è•kt
q^Œº`Õ =∞Ç¨Ï^•=$`«ÎO Ñ¨q„`«O Éèí∂ aÅO =∞Ç¨Ï`ü I
ÑÖK«qOâ◊u=∂<Õ# Ü≥∂[<å<åO QÆ}Ëâ◊fii
`«™ê‡^•Ü«∂uã¨‡ #n ã¨~°fi^Õ= #=∞ã¨¯$`å I
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– JyflÉèË`åà◊√_»∞ Ô~O_»∞KÕ`«∞Å∞ – ~°Hõ`«<Õ„`«=ÚÅ∞ –
‰õΩ_çKÕuÜ«∞O^Œ∞ z#fl HõuÎ – Z_»=∞KÕuÜ«∞O^Œ∞ áê#áê„`« – á⁄_»"≥·#
[_»Å∞ – HÀ~°Å∞ QÆey# ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# =ÚY=Ú – HõeyÜ«ÚO_»∞#∞.
W`«xx Ñ¨ÓlOz#"åiH˜ Éèí∂`«„¿Ñ`« ~åHõΔã¨ ÉÏ^èŒÅ∞ `˘ÅQÆ∞#∞.
nxH˜ `«∂~°∞Ê# 'HõÑ¨@—=∞#∞ #Å¡x tÅÜ«Ú#flk. Wk Ü«∞=∞
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L<åfl~°∞. q^•º^èŒ~°∞Å∞ "≥ÚII ^Õ=*Ï`«∞Å∞ =zÛ gix Ñ¨ÓlO`«∞~°∞.
nxH˜ ^ŒH˜Δ}=Ú# 25 Ü≥∂[#=ÚÅ á⁄_»=ÙQÆÅ 'Éèí∂ aÅ=Ú— L#flk.
JO^Œ∞ #∞O_ç #k =K«∞ÛK«∞#flk.
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 141
â’¡II QÆOˆQ= Ñ¶¨Å^•Ü«∞™ê‡`ü `«™ê‡`ü HõÑ≤Å ãÖl˝`å

™êfl`åfi HõÑ≤ÅQÆOQÍÜ«∂O Ñ¨Ó~°fi=∞#º`«~åã¨∞ K« I
#~°ó ã¨fi~°æ=∞"åáêº^Ò ^ÕgÖ’HõO `«`À„=*Ë`ü
Jcè+¨ì^• #nÑ¨Ó~°fiÉèÏˆQ ^Œ=∞xHÍÇ¨ÏfiÜ«∂ I
#n =∞Ç¨Ç¨Ï$+¨ì`ÀÜ«∂ áêáê<åO â◊=∞h `«^è•
=∂Ñ¶¨∞=∂ãÖ`«∞ ã¨HõÅO #^•ºO ™êfl`åfi =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fii I
`«^è• ^Œ=∞xHÍÜ«∂O`«∞ Ñ¨~°Ox~åfi} =∂Ñ¨ÙflÜ«∂`ü II
™ê^èŒ#™ê÷<åO`«~° x~°∂Ñ¨}O
ÑÖK«^Œâ◊ó Ñ¨@Åó
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– D #k QÆOQÆ=Öˇ<≥ Ñ¶¨Å=Ú xK«∞Û#∞. Hõ#∞Hõ<Õ 'HõÑ≤Å—
J#∞ ¿Ñ~°∞`À HõÑ≤ÅQÆOQÆ Jx ¿Ñ~°∞ HõeÔQ#∞.
HõÑ≤ÅQÆOQÆÖ’ ™êfl#=Ú KÕã≤# Ñ¨Ù}º=Ú HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. D #kH˜
`«∂~°∞Ê# '^Œ=∞xHõ— J#∞ =∞~˘Hõ #k HõÅ^Œ∞ WO^Œ∞ ™êfl#=Ú KÕã≤#KÀ
áêÑ¨=ÚÅ∞ #tOK«∞#∞.
=∂Ñ¶ ¨ ∞ =∂ã¨ = Ú#O^Œ ∞ <≥ Å JO`å #n™êfl#=Ú KÕ ã ≤ # KÀ
=∂#=ÙÅ‰õΩ =ÚH˜Î ÅaèOK«∞#∞.
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PKå~°OÑ¨~°"Õ∞âßx â◊$}∞Ã+ÂºHõ=∞<å Ü«∞`«ó I
â◊~°`å¯ÖË =∞Ç¨+¨ì=∂ºO ^Œ∞~åæÜ«∂ó ÑïÑ¨Ó[#"£∞
h~å[#O ^Œâ◊=∂ºO`«∞ ‰õΩ~åº^£ "≥· |Å=$^ŒúÜÕ∞ I
áœ¿+º=∂ã¨ºã≤`Õ Ñ¨ˆHΔ `«$fÜ«∂ Ü«∂=∞¿ÇÏâ◊fii
Ñ¨Ù¿+º}Ü«ÚHÍÎ ^Õ"Õt `«„`«^ÕgO „Ñ¨Ñ¨Ó[ºK« I
ã¨~åfi<£ HÍ=∂#"åáÈflu ã¨~°fiO Éèí=u xtÛ`«"£∞
*Ëº¿+ª ^Œâ◊Ç¨Ï~åÜ«∂O`«∞ HÍeHÍÜ«∂ =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fii I
`«^è•h ã¨~°ã¨fi`åºó Ñ¨Ó[#O qkè=K«Ûˆ~`ü
â◊~°`å¯ÖË =∞Ç¨+¨ì=∂ºO hÖÏÜ«∂ó Ñ¨Ó[<Õqkèó I
Ptfi<Õ â◊√Hõ¡Ñ¨HõΔã¨º `«$fÜ«∂O ™êfluÜ≥∂yh
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– ã¨~°fiq^ŒºÅ∞ „Ñ¨™êkOK«∞ H˘xfl „Ñ¨„H˜Ü«∞Å#∞ K≥Ñ¨C
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Ñ¨Ù+¨º=∂ã¨=∞O^Œ∞ â◊√Hõ¡`«kÜ«∞Ü«∞O^Œ∞ HÍoHõ#∞ Ñ¨ÓlOz#, ã¨HõÅ
HÍ~°º=ÚÅ∞ ã≤kúOK«∞#∞.
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 143
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áœ~°‚=∂ã‘ =∞¿ÇÏâßx `«™êºO ™êfl#O =∞Ç¨Ñ¶¨Å"£∞ I
K«O^Œ<åQÆ∞~°∞ HõHÀ¯Öˇ·ó ^Œ∂~°fiÜ«∂ âıfi`«ã¨~°¬ÃÑ·ó
P=∞ÅHÍº=∞¿ÇÏâßx Ç¨Ïi„^•K«∂~°‚ˆH# K« I
uÅ`≥·Öˇ·ifi+¨μ‚ `≥·Öˇ· ~°<≥Âº â◊Û QÆO^èŒ ãÖÜ«Ú`≥·ó
<å~åÜ«∞}Ë#`≥·ÖË# ã¨flÑ¨ÜÕ∞`ü Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fis"£∞ I
^Œ∞ˆQ÷# ã¨flÑ¨ÜÕ∞`ü ^ÕgO =∞Ç¨HÍmO =∞Ç¨ÏŸ[fiÖÏ"£∞
`«ã¨ºÅH©Δ‡ifiâı¿+} ã≤÷~å™êº<åfl„`« ãÖâ◊Ü«∞ó I
"≥·âßMË=∂ã≤ ^Õ"Õt ã¨flÑ¨ÜÕ∞`ü j`«Öˇ·~°˚Öˇ·ó
<åiˆHà’^ŒHõO k=ºO `«Ãã·º^Œ^•º #‡<ÀÇ¨Ï~°"£∞ I
*ˇÂº¿+ª =∂ã≤ ã¨∞~° „âı¿+ª =∞e¡HÍO =∂ÅfO `«^è•
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– ^Œ∂~åfi – `≥Å¡P"åÅ∞ – Ñ¨ã¨∞Ñ¨Ù – Lã≤i – #∞=ÙfiÅ #∂x – QÆO^èŒ
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`À#∂ Jaè¿+Hõ=Ú KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
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146 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
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Ç¨ÏŸ=∞‰õΩO_» x~°‚Ü«∞=Ú
â’¡II P^ÒÉèí∂q∞O Ñ¨sH©Δ`« "åã¨∞ÎÅHõΔ} `«`«Ê~°ó
â◊Ö’º^•ú~°O „Ñ¨‰õΩsfi`« Kå^äŒ"å Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fis I
Sâß<åºO "å =∞¿ÇÏâßx ‰õΩO_»O‰õΩ~åº`ü Ü«∞^è•qkè
ã¨Ñ¨ÎÇ¨Ïã¨ÎO #= `«^è• ÑÖK« ÑÖK«qÉèË^Œ`«ó I
K«`«∞~°„ãÖ K«`«∞~åÌfi~°O xtÛù„^ŒO`«∞ „Ñ¨HõÅÊÜÕ∞`ü
ãÖã¨Îˆ~^£ ^Œ~°ƒùˆH}ˇÿ= ã¨∂„`Õ}ˇÿ= „Ñ¨HõÅÊÜÕ∞`ü I
K«`«∞~°„¿ã =∞¿ÇÏâßx ã¨~°fiHõ~å‡}˜ ™ê^ŒÜÕ∞`ü
Hõ~°∞Î~°ÌH˜Δ} Ç¨Ïã¨Îã¨º =∞^èŒº=∂OQÆ∞o Ñ¨~°fi}ó I
=∞^èŒºã¨º n~°…=∂<Õ# =∂<åOQÆ∞o x~°∂Ñ¨}"£∞
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â◊Åº=ÚÅ∞ (Z=ÚHõÅ∞) ÖË‰õΩO_® KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. Dâß#º=∞O^Œ∞
‰õΩO_»=Ú#∞ xi‡OKåe. 5–7–9 =¸~°Å∞QÍ xi‡OK«=K«∞Û.
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^•~°=Ú`À =ÚO^Œ∞ HõÅÊ# KÕÜ«∂e. K«`«∞~°„ã¨ ‰õΩO_»=Ú ã¨~°fiHõ~°‡Å#∞
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 147
UHÍOQÆ∞à◊=∞#QÍ – 8 Ü«∞=yO[Å ÖË^• ^è•#ºÑ¨Ù yO[Å

„Ñ¨=∂}=Ú XHõ JOQÆ∞à◊=Ú J#|_»∞#∞. =∞^èŒº„"ÕÅ∞ =∞^èŒºHõ}∞Ñ¨Ù
'JOQÆ∞à◊=Ú—QÍ „QÆÇ≤ÏOK«=K«∞Û.
â’¡II ^ŒH˜Δ}À`«Î~° QÆO ã¨∂„`«O Ü«∞^è•<åÅO xáê`«ÜÕ∞`ü
`«`«∂û„`å„ˆQ+¨μ ãÖ™ê÷Ñ¨º HÀ}Ë+¨μ =∞Hõ~åOe¡MË`ü I
ÑÖK«„u"Õ∞YÅO ‰õΩ~åº`ü `«O„`«q`ü ™ê^èŒHÀ`«Î=∞ó
"Õ∞YÖÏ „u`«Ü«∞O K≥·= =∞Ç¨Ç¨ÏŸ"Õ∞ =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fii I
"Õ^•yfl#Ü«∞<À`Õû^èŒ q™êÎ~å Ç¨Ïã¨Î=∂„`«ˆH
JO`«~°fl"åOQÆ∞à’`Õû^è• qã¨Î$`å `«∞ #"åOQÆ∞àÏ I
ã¨~°fi„`≥·=O q^èŒOˆHΔ„`«O ‰õΩO_»<å=∂#∞~°∂Ñ¨`«ó
UHÍOQÆ∞à◊OÑï`«º[º ‰õΩO_®`«ˆ~‡YÖÏ Éèí"Õ`ü I
™êuÎfiH© "Õ∞YÖÏÑ¨Ó~åfi kfifÜ«∂~å[ã‘ `«^è•
`«$fÜ«∂ `å=∞ã‘„áÈHÍÎ "Õ∞YÖÏ<åO `«∞ x~°‚Ü«∞ó I
Ü≥∂xó+¨_»OQÆ∞àÏ„áÈHÍÎ K«`«∞~°OQÆ∞à◊ qã¨Î$`å
L#fl`å kfi JOQÆ∞àÏ„áÈHÍÎ ‰õΩO_Õ Ç¨Ïã¨Îq∞`Õ |∞^è≥·ó I
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"Õ∞YÅ ("≥ÚÅ`å_»∞)Å∞, ã¨∂„uOKåe.
4 – 3 – 2 Ç¨Ïã¨=Î ÚÅ „Ñ¨=∂}=Ú`À Ç¨ÏŸ=∞‰õΩO_»=Ú xi‡OKåe.
Ö’ÑëÉèÏQÆ=Ú 9 JOQÆ∞à◊=ÚÅÖ’`«∞ LO_®e. Jxfl\˜Ü∞« O^Œ∞ W^Õ x+¨ÊuÎ
áê\ÕKåe.
‰õΩO_»=Ú#‰õΩ "≥Å∞Ñ¨Å XHõ JOQÆ∞à◊=Ú =^Œe "Õ∞YÅ |OkèOKåe.
=¸_»∞ "Õ∞YÅÅ∞, ã¨`Î« fi –~°[–`«"∂≥ QÆ∞}=ÚÅ‰õΩ „Ñ¨fHõÅ∞QÍ ÉèÏqOKåe.
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148 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
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JOQÆ∞à◊=ÚÅ Z`«∞Î LO_®e.
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K«`«∞~°›¿ãÎ ÅHõΔ=∂„`«O +¨\òHõˆ~ ^Œâ◊ÅHõΔHõ"£∞ I
^Œâ◊Ç¨Ï¿ãÎ =∞¿ÇÏâßx HÀ\˜ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞O ã¨=∂K«ˆ~`ü
^Œâ◊Ç¨Ï™êÎH Ñ¨~°O<åã≤Î `«O„`Õ-ã≤‡<£ Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fii I
MÏ`åkèˆH Éèí"Õ„^Àw Ç‘Ï<Ò^èÕ#∞ ^èŒ#HõΔÜ«∞ó
=„Hõ‰õΩO_Õ `«∞ ãÖ`åáÈ |O^èŒ∞Ç¨ Ç‘Ï#"Õ∞YÖË I
"Õ∞YÖÏ ~°Ç≤Ï`Õâ’HÀ-ÉèíºkèˆH q`«Î ãÖHõΔÜ«∞ó
ÉèÏ~åºq<åâ◊HõO ‰õΩO_»O Ü≥∂<åºó â◊¥#ºO =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fii I
JÑ¨`«º ^èŒfiOã¨#O ‰õΩO_»O Ü«∞k`«`ü HõO~î° =i˚`«"£∞
LKåÛ@ó ã¨∞Êù\˜`Õ zè„^Œ ãÖ‰õΩÖË"å =∞$u~°ƒù"Õ`ü I
`«™ê‡`ü Ç≤Ï Ñ¨~°"Õ∞âßx *Ï˝`åfi ‰õΩO_»O „Ñ¨™ê^èŒÜÕ∞`ü
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– "≥~Úº Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=Ú#‰õΩ ‰õΩO_»=Ú Ç¨Ïã¨Î„Ñ¨=∂}=ÚO_»
=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. Ñ¨k"ÕÅ‰õΩ Ô~O_»∞ Ç¨Ïã¨Î=ÚÅ∞– ÅHõΔ‰õΩ <åÅ∞QÆ∞ Ç¨Ïã¨Î=ÚÅ∞–
Ñ¨kÅHõΔÅ =∞O„`«=Ú Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=Ú#‰õΩ P~°∞Ç¨Ïã¨Î=ÚÅ∞– HÀ\˜ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞=Ú
#‰õΩ Ñ¨kÇ¨Ïã¨Î=ÚÅ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞‰õΩO_»=Ú U~°Ê~°Kåe.
Ö’`«∞ Z‰õΩ¯"≥·#KÀ ~Ày – `«‰õΩ¯"≥·#KÀ ^èŒ#<åâ◊=Ú HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞.
‰õΩO_»=Ú =OHõ~°QÍÜ«Ú#fl ãÖ`åÑ¨=Ú .... ÖËxKÀ â’Hõ=Ú `«‰õΩ¯"≥·#KÀ
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=∞$`«∞º=Ù ãÖÉèíqOK«∞#∞.
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 149
18 Ç¨ÏŸ=∞ ‰õΩO_» ãÖ™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞

â’¡II Jëêì^Œâ◊ã¨∞ûó ãÖ™ê¯~åó ‰õΩO_®<åO `«O„`«=~°Î‡<å
gHõΔ}O=¸Å=∞O„`Õ} â◊ˆ~} „áÈHõΔ}O K«ˆ~`ü I
`Õ<≥·= `å_»#O^ŒÔ~Âƒù~°fi~°‡}ÏÉèí∞ºHõΔ}O =∞`«"£∞
J„¿ãÎ} Y#<À^•ú~“ Ç¨Ï$#‡O„`Õ} „Ñ¨Ñ¨Ó~°}"£∞ I
ã¨g∞Hõ~°} =∞„<ÕÎ} ™œK«#O =~°‡}Ï =∞`«"£∞
‰õΩ@ì#O¿ÇÏu =∞O„`Õ} =~°‡ =∞O„`Õ} =∂~°˚#O I
qÖËÑ¨#O HõàÏ~°∂Ñ¨ HõÅÊ#O `«^Œ#O`«~°"£∞
„uã¨∂„fHõ~°}O Ñ¨âßÛ`ü Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜÕ∞<å~°Û#O Éèí"Õ`ü I
J„¿ãÎ} =„rHõ~°}O Ç¨Ï$#‡O„`Õ} [Öˇ·â◊√≈Éèˇ·ó
Ü≥∂x‰õΩO_®x ^Õ"Õt ãÖã¨∞¯~åº`ü ™ê^èŒHÀ`«Î=∞ó I
`«ã≤‡<£ LO_Õ =∞¿ÇÏâßx ˆ~MÏ„`«Ü«∞O ã¨=∂K«ˆ~`ü
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– `« O „`ÀÜ« Ú Hõ Î = ÚQÍ Ç¨ Ï Ÿ=∞‰õ Ω O_» = Ú#‰õ Ω 18
ãÖ™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞=ÖÜ«Ú#∞. 1–gHõΔ}O– =¸Å=∞O„`«=Ú`À,
2– „áÈHõΔ}O– [Å=Ú`À, 3– `å_»#O–[Å=Ú`À, 4–JÉèí∞ºHõΔ}O–
Ç¨ïOHÍ~°=ÚÖ’ ^Œ~ƒ° Öù `À, 5– Y##=Ú, 6–L^•ú~=° Ú–Ñ¶\¨ òHÍ~°=Ú`À.
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HÍ~°=Ú`À, 9–¿ãK«#O–Ç¨ïOHÍ~°=Ú`À, 10–‰õΩ@ì#O–¿ÇÏu=∞O„`«=Ú`À
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150 |$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O
â’¡II „áêQÆ„QÍ L^Œ„QÍ "å u„™Èˆ~MÏeMË`«Î`«ó
„áêQÆ„QÍ}ÏO ã¨‡$`å ^Õ"å =Ú‰õΩO^Õâ◊Ñ¨Ù~°O^Œ~åó I
ˆ~MÏ}Ï=Ú^Œ QÆ„QÍ}ÏO „|Ç¨Ï‡"≥·=ã¨fi`ÕO^Œ=ó
J^èŒ"å „uHÀ}=$`«ÎO K«`«∞~°„ãÖ eMË`«Î`«ó I
`«„`«=¿ÇÏfl~ÀºQÆÑ‘~î°=∞~°ÛÜÕ∞`ü „áê} =Å¡ÉèË
"å=∂*Ëºëêª K« ~“„n K« JOaHÍ â◊HõÎÜ«∞ó „Hõ=∂`ü I
`«`À^Õq =∞Ç¨ÉèÏˆQ `å~å‰õΩO_»O „Ñ¨Ñ¨Ó[ÜÕ∞`ü
`«#‡^èÕº Ñ¨~°"Õ∞âßhO hÖÏO "åwâ◊fis Ü«∞*Ë`ü I
`«`«â◊Û „â’„uÜ≥∂ =Ç≤ÏflO `«nƒ*Ë<≥·=KÀ^Œúˆ~`ü
Ç¨ïOÑ¶¨\ò HÍˆ~} ^Õ"Õt „Hõ"åº^ÕÉèíºó `«`«óÑ¨~°"£∞ I
`«=∞yflO â’^èŒÜÕ∞`«Î„`« ^èÕ#∞=Ú„^•= QÆ∞O~î°#"£∞
"å~°∞}Ë<≥·= =∞O„`Õ} J=∞$fHõ~°}O =∞`«"£∞ I
Hõ~°ÉèÏºOK« ã¨=Ú^Ò^Œ$`«º „ÉèÏ=∞ÜÕ∞`ü LÑï„u^è• I
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`«∂~°∞Êˆ~YÅ‰õΩ q+¨μ‚–Dâ◊fi~°– WO„^Œ∞Å∞ JkèÑ¨`«∞Å∞. L`«Î~å„QÆˆ~YÅ‰õΩ
„|Ç¨Ï‡– Jyfl– K«O„^Œ∞Å∞ Jkè^Õ=`«Å∞.
JyflÑ‘ ~ î ° = Ú#∞, "å=∂–*Ë º ëêª – ~“„n– JOaHÍâ◊ ‰ õ Ω Î Å #∞
P~åkèOKåe. P `å~°‰õΩO_» =∞^èŒº=∞O^Œ∞ hÅã¨~°ã¨fiux JiÛOKåe.
Ñ≤=∞‡@ ~°O c[=Ú`À Jyflx L^ŒúiOKåe. ''Ç¨ÏOÑ¶¨\ò—— „Hõ"åº^ÕÉèíºó——
J#∞K«∞ Jyflx â’kèOKåe.
^è<Õ À=Ú„^Œ`À J=QÆO^ä=Œ Ú KÕÜ∂« e. =Oc[=Ú`À J=∞$fHõ~}° O
KÕÜ∂« e J#QÍ, Ç¨ÏŸ=∞‰õΩO_»=ÚÃÑ· ~Ô O_»∞ KÕ`∞« Å`À ÃÑÉ· Ïè QÆ=Ú# =¸_»∞
™ê~°∞¡ K«∞@∂ì „uáêÊe.
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 151
â’¡II t=ã¨º c[|∞^è•º`«∞ `«^Àº<Õ Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fii

„Ç‘ÏOc[=∂^ÒãÖ[Ñ¨º =Ç≤Ï#=¸iÎOK« VıÜ«Ú`å"£∞ I
W`«ºÉèíº~°Ûº =∞Ç¨^Õq W_»Ü«∂Hõ$+¨º ã¨∞O^Œi
`«`«ó ‰õΩOÉèíHõ Ü≥∂ˆQ# ‰õÄ~°Ûc[O ã¨=ÚK«Û~°<£ I
=¿ÇÏflâ‹ÂÛ`«#º áê^•O`Õ VıÜ«Ú`Õ Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fii
`«`«ã¨∞Î *ÏfiÅÜÕ∞^ŒfiÇ≤ÏflO z#‡O„`Õ} =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fii I
=Ç¨ÏflºOˆQÑ¨~°"Õ∞âßx <åºãÖ ‰õΩ~åº#‡¿ÇÏâ◊fii
ÉèÏ"å~°úO:– Ü≥∂xÜ«∞O^Œ∞ t=c[=ÚQÍ ÉèÏqOK«∞K«∂ '=Ç¨ÏflÜÕ∞—
Jx „Ç‘ÏO c[=Ú`À W_®<å_çx Ñ¨ÓiOK«∞K«∂, Ñ≤=∞‡@ ‰õΩOÉèíHõ „áê}Ï
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 173
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|$Ç¨ÏhflÅ `«O„`«O 175
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1

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