The conclusion from the scientific journal is suggest that if firms are

engaged in the heterogonous production, an estimation of the total impact of trade

on child labor needs to account for the selection effect, in addition to the scale and
technique effects. The scientific journal’s result is of national and global
significance because it highlights the association between the selection effect of
trade and child labor. Economic integration with a trade-driven market structure
through product differentiation associated with the choice process is the impact of
the selection effects. The openness of trade affects the number of firms in the
economy and the incidents of child labor. The change of firms number or product
varieties can also bring the demand of child labor. This effect called the trade-
induced child labor selection effect. From the scientific journal we know that the
increasing of national trade will increasing the child labor scale.
In my opinion, the impact of trade on the child labor have more
disadvantage than its advantage not only for the child labor but for the national
economic development. The children who to be a labor don’t have the chance to
build their future because they will spend the time for working. It make they don’t
have much time to go to school. The children should go to school for learn about
anything for national development in the future. When they working, it could be
wasting their time for learning in the school.
From the scientific journal we know that market demand for child labor
very often especially in the developing countries such as SAARC ( South Asia
Association for Regional Cooperation) namely Bangladesh, India, Pakistan,
Nepal, and Sri Lanka and selected ASEAN countries namely Cambodia,
Indonesia, and Philipines. Very sad to know this fact because Indonesia inculding
developing country.
In the real life, many cases about child labor exploitation in Indonesia.
Indonesia’s law confirm people who including a labor must be at least 17 years
old. Absolutely, child labor prohibited by the law. In my opinion, many factors
that increasing child labor. Most of children who prefer to be a child labor
because they don’t have any choice. They must help the parents to working for
getting money. After that, they live with poverty. For paying the school’s cost is
not possible for them. So, they will decide to getting money by working.
On the globalization era, trade using a child labor could make the child
labor effect because when trades are more often, it will increasing the child labor
in the country. Another reason increasing child labor is variable of interest and
trade variable suggesting the trade to GDP ratio.
The trade have positive and negative effect. The positive effect is more
trade could increasing government revenue for used on national development.
One of indicator to be a developed country is the height of government revenue
from the country. The negative effect from trade is increasing child labor because
from the scientific journal we know that the trade can increasing child labor in
SAARC (South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation) and selected ASEAN
countries especially in Indonesia. This situation can change people’s mindset
about children. A lot of parents will suggesting their children to working because
their mindset was changed. The mindset is “working is better than school”.
Absolutely, that is wrong because school is important for better future. School can
be a vital media for human resources.
For the example of child labor exploitation in Indonesia is labor carrier or
buruh angkut (tukang suwun) at Kumbasari Market, Denpasar. We can find a lot
of children carrying the basket over her/his head and walking around the market.
The customer who need help to carry their stuff could ask the carrier labor.
Physically, the children who most likely be a labor carrier have worn out
appearance and dirty. Based on regulation worker agreement, a labor must be at
least 17 years old. Absolutely, a child labor prohibited by the regulation worker
agreement. They should learn at the school and not to be a child labor because
most of them under 17 years old. Moreover, they didn’t know the importance of
school. They think better to work for getting money than school. The child labor
usually work together with the adult but they seems like didn’t care about the
child labor. The adult should be warn the child labor and introduce the importance
of school fot their future. There is no regulation from the market about the
underage worker so they need to make a regulation for underage worker.
 Another example can be found in Bandung. Most of children selling
tissue at the traffic light. The same fact from the carrier labor at Kumbasari
Market Denpasar, they most likely have worn out appearance and dirty. Most of
them didn’t reach the school because they live with poverty. They think better to
help their parents for getting money than school. Moreover, the traffic light is
dangerous place for children. It can cause an accident for the children.
In my opinion, the children shoudn’t be a labor because they must have the
chance to reach school. They can be a labor if 17 years old already.
Automatically, they prohibitied the national regulation worker agreement. Less
control from the government is one of the factor why the child labor is developing
in our country. Especially in unreached area, where is the education on the bad
level. Many children prefer to work for getting money because the must help their
parents. In addition, most of people who live in unreached area is
underprevileged. They don’t have money for pay thye school costs. So, they will
prefer to work for getting money. Unfortunately, the government’s project about
give a subsidy to school by eliminate the school costs didn’ reach that area. They
still couldn’t to school.