Control Loop Specification:

FC

F8: Process water

FT
P-01
F7: FT-101
F9: Input HX-101
Output

FT R

Figure X: Control Loop for DT-101

Dilution Unit DT-101:
Mass Inventory Control
𝐹9 = 𝐹8 + 𝐹7
𝐹9 𝐹8
=1+ =𝑅
𝐹7 𝐹7
(𝑅
∴ 𝐹7 − 1) = 𝐹8

Where:
 F9 is mass flow rate of the diluted stream (Kgs-1)
 F8 is the process water input stream (Kgs-1)
 F7 is the flash tank output (Kgs-1)
 R is the dilution Ratio

Energy Inventory Control:

𝐹9 𝐶𝑝9 𝑇9 = 𝐹8 𝐶𝑝8 𝑇8 + 𝐹7 𝐶𝑝7 𝑇7
𝐹9 𝑇9 = 𝐹8 𝑇8 + 𝐹7 𝑇7
Where:
 T is the temperature (ᵒC)

Specific Objective: To dilute the solid composition in 𝐹7 to 8% using 𝐹8

Controlled Variable:
The inventory balances showed the following could be controlled: T and F.
From the mass and energy balance the flow rate 𝐹9 was chosen as a controlled variable using the
importance hierarchy as it proves safe, stable and optimal operation and it the primary objective. In
addition 𝐹9 is self-regulatory (CV1) however may conflict with operation bounds of HX-101
downstream and in turn AD-101 (CV3). However, the downstream disturbances in temperature are
easier to mitigate than composition which is necessary to meet the design specification for the AD-
101 (CV4).

Measured Variable:
From the inventory balances it was clear that the following could be measured: T7, T8, T9, F7, F8,
and F9.
The measured variable for the mass and energy balance is F9 because F9 is the controlled variable
(MV1) to allow feedback control, easily measured (MV2) and has the response delay is small
(guideline MV4).

Manipulated Variable:
The inventory balances showed the following could be controlled: T7, T8, T9, F7 and F8

From the mass balance F8 was selected as the manipulated variable as it is direct acting (guideline
MPV1), because the controlled variable is reasonably sensitive to Fp (MVP2) and the time response
delay in the controlled variable F9 is small (MPV3).

Disturbances: The main disturbance to the mass and energy balance is fluctuation in F7, as it
requires directly proportional fluctuations in 𝐹8 to maintain the ratio.